## 11.0.4 (03/11/2026) ### Public API Changes * Re-remove deprecated DB::Open raw pointer variants in db.h ## 11.0.3 (03/03/2026) ### Public API Changes * Relax option sanitization for kv ratio compaction ## 11.0.2 (02/26/2026) ### Public API Changes * Revert removing deprecated DB::Open raw pointer variants in db.h ## 11.0.0 (02/23/2026) ### New Features * Added support for storing wide-column entity column values in blob files. When `min_blob_size` is configured, large column values in wide-column entities will be stored in blob files, reducing SST file size and improving read performance. * Added `CompactionOptionsFIFO::max_data_files_size` to support FIFO compaction trimming based on combined SST and blob file sizes. Added `CompactionOptionsFIFO::use_kv_ratio_compaction` to enable a capacity-derived intra-L0 compaction strategy optimized for BlobDB workloads, producing uniform-sized compacted files for predictable FIFO trimming. * Include interpolation search as an alternative to binary search, which typically performs better when keys are uniformly distributed. This is exposed as a new table option `index_block_search_type`. The default is `binary_search`. ### Public API Changes * Added new virtual methods `AbortAllCompactions()` and `ResumeAllCompactions()` to the `DB` class. Added new `Status::SubCode::kCompactionAborted` to indicate a compaction was aborted. Added `Status::IsCompactionAborted()` helper method to check if a status represents an aborted compaction. * Drop support for reading (and writing) SST files using `BlockBasedTableOptions.format_version` < 2, which hasn't been the default format for about 10 years. An upgrade path is still possible with full compaction using a RocksDB version >= 4.6.0 and < 11.0.0 and then using the newer version. * Remove deprecated raw `DB*` variants of `DB::Open` and related functions. Some other minor public APIs were updated as a result * Remove deprecated `DB::MaxMemCompactionLevel()` * Remove useless option `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions::compress_format_version` * Remove deprecated DB option `skip_checking_sst_file_sizes_on_db_open`. The option was deprecated in 10.5.0 and has been a no-op since then. File size validation is now always performed in parallel during DB open. * Remove deprecated `SliceTransform::InRange()` virtual method and the `in_range` callback parameter from `rocksdb_slicetransform_create()` in the C API. `InRange()` was never called by RocksDB and existed only for backward compatibility. * Remove deprecated, unused APIs and options: `ReadOptions::managed` and `ColumnFamilyOptions::snap_refresh_nanos`. Corresponding C and Java APIs are also removed. * Remove deprecated `SstFileWriter::Add()` method (use `Put()` instead) and the deprecated `skip_filters` parameter from `SstFileWriter` constructors (use `BlockBasedTableOptions::filter_policy` set to `nullptr` to skip filter generation instead). ### Behavior Changes * Change the default value of `CompactionOptionsUniversal::reduce_file_locking` from `false` to `true` to improve write stall and reduce read regression ### Bug Fixes * Fix longstanding failures that can arise from reading and/or compacting old DB dirs with range deletions (likely from version < 5.19.0) in many newer versions. * Fix a bug where WritePrepared/WriteUnprepared TransactionDB with two_write_queues=true could experience "sequence number going backwards" corruption during recovery from a background error, due to allocated-but-not-published sequence numbers not being synced before creating new WAL files. ### Performance Improvements * Add a new table option `separate_key_value_in_data_block`. When set to true keys and values will be stored separately in the data block, which can result in higher cpu cache hit rate and better compression. Works best with data blocks with sufficient restart intervals and large values. Previous versions of RocksDB will reject files written using this option.

## 10.8.3 (11/10/2025) ### New Features * Add a GetColumnFamilyMetaData API variant in DB to get the SST files intersecting a given key range. ## 10.8.2 (11/07/2025) ### New Features * Added an auto-tuning feature for DB manifest file size that also (by default) improves the safety of existing configurations in case `max_manifest_file_size` is repeatedly exceeded. The new recommendation is to set `max_manifest_file_size` to something small like 1MB and tune `max_manifest_space_amp_pct` as needed to balance write amp and space amp in the manifest. Refer to comments on those options in `DBOptions` for details. Both options are (now) mutable. * Add a new option allow_trivial_move in CompactionOptions to allow CompactFiles to perform trivial move if possible. By default the flag of allow_trivial_move is false, so it preserve the original behavior. ## 10.8.1 (10/29/2025) ### Behavior Changes * PosixWritableFile now repositions the seek pointer to the new end of file after a call to Truncate. ## 10.8.0 (10/21/2025) ### New Features * Add kFSPrefetch to FSSupportedOps enum to allow file systems to indicate prefetch support capability, avoiding unnecessary prefetch system calls on file systems that don't support them. * Added experimental support `OpenAndCompactOptions::allow_resumption` for resumable compaction that persists progress during `OpenAndCompact()`, allowing interrupted compactions to resume from the last progress persitence. The default behavior is to not persist progress. ### Public API Changes * Allow specifying output temperature in CompactionOptions * Added `DB::FlushWAL(const FlushWALOptions&)` as an alternative to `DB::FlushWAL(bool sync)`, where `FlushWALOptions` includes a new `rate_limiter_priority` field (default `Env::IO_TOTAL`) that allows rate limiting and priority passing of manual WAL flush's IO operations. * The MultiScan API contract is updated. After a multi scan range got prepared with Prepare API call, the following seeks must seek the start of each prepared scan range in order. In addition, when limit is set, upper bound must be set to the same value of limit before each seek ### Behavior Changes * `kChangeTemperature` FIFO compaction will now honor `compaction_target_temp` to all levels regardless of `cf_options::last_level_temperature` * Allow UDIs with a non BytewiseComparator ### Bug Fixes * Fix incorrect MultiScan seek error status due to bugs in handling range limit falling between adjacent SST files key range. * Fix a bug in Page unpinning in MultiScan ### Performance Improvements * Fixed a performance regression in LZ4 compression that started in version 10.6.0

## 10.7.5 (10/20/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fix a bug in Page unpinning in MultiScan ## 10.7.4 (10/14/2025) ### Public API Changes * The MultiScan API contract is updated. After a multi scan range got prepared with Prepare API call, the following seeks must seek the start of each prepared scan range in order. In addition, when limit is set, upper bound must be set to the same value of limit before each seek ## 10.7.3 (10/06/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fix a few bugs in MultiScan ## 10.7.2 (09/30/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fix incorrect MultiScan seek error status due to bugs in handling range limit falling between adjacent SST files key range. ### Performance Improvements * Fixed a performance regression in LZ4 compression that started in version 10.6.0 ## 10.7.0 (09/24/2025) ### New Features * Add the fail_if_no_udi_on_open flag in BlockBasedTableOption to control whether a missing user defined index block in a SST is a hard error or not. * A new flag memtable_veirfy_per_key_checksum_on_seek is added to AdvancedColumnFamilyOptions. When it is enabled, it will validate key checksum along the binary search path on skiplist based memtable during seek operation. * Introduce option MultiScanArgs::use_async_io to enable asynchronous I/O during MultiScan, instead of waiting for I/O to be done in Prepare(). * Add new option `MultiScanArgs::max_prefetch_size` that limits the memory usage of per file pinning of prefetched blocks. * Improved `sst_dump` by allowing standalone file and directory arguments without `--file=`. Also added new options and better output for `sst_dump --command=recompress`. See `sst_dump --help` ### Public API Changes * HyperClockCache with no `estimated_entry_charge` is now production-ready and is the preferred block cache implementation vs. LRUCache. Please consider updating your code to minimize the risk of hitting performance bottlenecks or anomalies from LRUCache. See cache.h for more detail. * RocksDB now requires a C++20 compatible compiler (GCC >= 11, Clang >= 10, Visual Studio >= 2019), including for any code using RocksDB headers. * MultiScanArgs used to have a default constructor with default parameter of BytewiseComparator. Now it always requires Comparator in its constructor. ### Behavior Changes * The default provided block cache implementation is now HyperClockCache instead of LRUCache, when `block_cache` is nullptr (default) and `no_block_cache==false` (default). We recommend explicitly creating a HyperClockCache block cache based on memory budget and sharing it across all column families and even DB instances. This change could expose previously hidden memory or resource leaks. * Allow UDIs with a non BytewiseComparator ### Bug Fixes * Reported numbers for compaction and flush CPU usage now include time spent by parallel compression worker threads. This now means compaction/flush CPU usage could exceed the wall clock time. * Fix a race condition in FIFO size-based compaction where concurrent threads could select the same non-L0 file, causing assertion failures in debug builds or "Cannot delete table file from LSM tree" errors in release builds. * Fix a bug in RocksDB MultiScan with UDI when one of the scan ranges is determined to be empty by the UDI, which causes incorrect results. ### Performance Improvements * Add a new table property "rocksdb.key.smallest.seqno" which records the smallest sequence number of all keys in file. It makes ingesting DB generated files faster by avoiding scanning the whole file to find the smallest sequence number. * Add a new experimental PerKeyPointLockManager to improve efficiency under high lock contention. PointLockManager was not efficient when there is high write contention on same key, as it uses a single conditional variable per lock stripe. PerKeyPointLockManager uses per thread conditional variable supporting fifo order. Although this is an experimental feature. By default, it is disabled. A new boolean flag TransactionDBOptions::use_per_key_point_lock_mgr is added to optionally enable it. Search the flag in code for more info. Together, a new configuration TransactionOptions::deadlock_timeout_us is added, which allows the transaction to wait for a short period before perform deadlock detection. When the workload has low lock contention, the deadlock_timeout_us can be configured to be slightly higher than average transaction execution time, so that transaction would likely be able to take the lock before deadlock detection is performed when it is waiting for a lock. This allows transaction to reduce CPU cost on performing deadlock detection, which could be expensive in CPU time. When the workload has high lock contention, the deadlock_timeout_us can be configured to 0, so that transaction would perform deadlock detection immediately. By default the value is 0 to keep the behavior same as before. * Majorly improved CPU efficiency and scalability of parallel compression (`CompressionOptions::parallel_threads` > 1), though this efficiency improvement makes parallel compression currently incompatible with UserDefinedIndex and with old setting of `decouple_partitioned_filters=false`. Parallel compression is now considered a production-ready feature. Maximum performance is available with `-DROCKSDB_USE_STD_SEMAPHORES` at compile time, but this is not currently recommended because of reported bugs in implementations of `std::counting_semaphore`/`binary_semaphore`.

## 10.5.1 (08/04/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fixed a bug in remote compaction that may mistakenly delete live SST file(s) during the cleanup phase when no keys survive the compaction (all expired) ## 10.5.0 (07/21/2025) ### Public API Changes * DB option skip_checking_sst_file_sizes_on_db_open is deprecated, in favor of validating file size in parallel in a thread pool, when db is opened. When DB is opened, with paranoid check enabled, a file with the wrong size would fail the DB open. With paranoid check disabled, the DB open would succeed, the column family with the corrupted file would not be read or write, while the other healthy column families could be read and write normally. When max_open_files option is not set to -1, only a subset of the files will be opened and checked. The rest of the files will be opened and checked when they are accessed. * GetTtl() API is now available in TTL DB ### Behavior Changes * PessimisticTransaction::GetWaitingTxns now returns waiting transaction information even if the current transaction has timed out. This allows the information to be surfaced to users for debugging purposes once it is known that the timeout has occured. * A new API GetFileSize is added to FSRandomAccessFile interface class. It uses fstat vs stat on the posix implementation which is more efficient. Caller could use it to get file size faster. This function might be required in the future for FileSystem implementation outside of the RocksDB code base. * RocksDB now triggers eligible compactions every 12 hours when periodic compaction is configured. This solves a limitation of the compaction trigger mechanism, which would only trigger compaction after specific events like flush, compaction, or SetOptions. ### Bug Fixes * Fix a bug in BackupEngine that can crash backup due to a null FSWritableFile passed to WritableFileWriter. * Fix DB::NewMultiScan iterator to respect the scan upper bound specified in ScanOptions ### Performance Improvements * Optimized MultiScan using BlockBasedTable to coalesce I/Os and prefetch all data blocks.

## 10.4.2 (07/09/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fix a race condition between concurrent DB::Open sharing the same SstFileManager instance. ## 10.4.1 (07/01/2025) ### Behavior Changes * RocksDB now triggers eligible compactions every 12 hours when periodic compaction is configured. This solves a limitation of the compaction trigger mechanism, which would only trigger compaction after specific events like flush, compaction, or SetOptions. ### Bug Fixes * Fix a bug in BackupEngine that can crash backup due to a null FSWritableFile passed to WritableFileWriter. ## 10.4.0 (06/20/2025) ### New Features * Add a new CF option `memtable_avg_op_scan_flush_trigger` that supports triggering memtable flush when an iterator scans through an expensive range of keys, with the average number of skipped keys from the active memtable exceeding the threshold. * Vector based memtable now supports concurrent writers (DBOptions::allow_concurrent_memtable_write) #13675. * Add new experimental `TransactionOptions::large_txn_commit_optimize_byte_threshold` to enable optimizations for large transaction commit by transaction batch data size. * Add a new option `CompactionOptionsUniversal::reduce_file_locking` and if it's true, auto universal compaction picking will adjust to minimize locking of input files when bottom priority compactions are waiting to run. This can increase the likelihood of existing L0s being selected for compaction, thereby improving write stall and reducing read regression. * Add new `format_version=7` to aid experimental support of custom compression algorithms with CompressionManager and block-based table. This format version includes changing the format of `TableProperties::compression_name`. ### Public API Changes * Change NewExternalTableFactory to return a unique_ptr instead of shared_ptr. * Add an optional min file size requirement for deletion triggered compaction. It can be specified when creating `CompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory`. ### Behavior Changes * `TransactionOptions::large_txn_commit_optimize_threshold` now has default value 0 for disabled. `TransactionDBOptions::txn_commit_bypass_memtable_threshold` now has no effect on transactions. ### Bug Fixes * Fix a bug where CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() could miss the SST file for the memtable flush it triggered. The exported CF then may not contain the updates in the memtable when CreateColumnFamilyWithImport() is called. * Fix iterator operations returning NotImplemented status if disallow_memtable_writes and paranoid_memory_checks CF options are both set. * Fixed handling of file checksums in IngestExternalFile() to allow providing checksums using recognized but not necessarily the DB's preferred checksum function, to ease migration between checksum functions.

## 10.1.3 (04/09/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fix a bug where resurrected full_history_ts_low from a previous session that enables UDT is used by this session that disables UDT. ## 10.1.2 (04/07/2025) ### Bug Fixes * Fix a bug where tail size of remote compaction output is not persisted in primary db's manifest ## 10.1.0 (03/24/2025) ### New Features * Added a new `DBOptions.calculate_sst_write_lifetime_hint_set` setting that allows to customize which compaction styles SST write lifetime hint calculation is allowed on. Today RocksDB supports only two modes `kCompactionStyleLevel` and `kCompactionStyleUniversal`. * Add a new field `num_l0_files` in `CompactionJobInfo` about the number of L0 files in the CF right before and after the compaction * Added per-key-placement feature in Remote Compaction * Implemented API DB::GetPropertiesOfTablesByLevel that retrieves table properties for files in each LSM tree level ### Public API Changes * `GetAllKeyVersions()` now interprets empty slices literally, as valid keys, and uses new `OptSlice` type default value for extreme upper and lower range limits. * `DeleteFilesInRanges()` now takes `RangeOpt` which is based on `OptSlice`. The overload taking `RangePtr` is deprecated. * Add an unordered map of name/value pairs, ReadOptions::property_bag, to pass opaque options through to an external table when creating an Iterator. * Introduced CompactionServiceJobStatus::kAborted to allow handling aborted scenario in Schedule(), Wait() or OnInstallation() APIs in Remote Compactions. * format\_version < 2 in BlockBasedTableOptions is no longer supported for writing new files. Support for reading such files is deprecated and might be removed in the future. `CompressedSecondaryCacheOptions::compress_format_version == 1` is also deprecated. ### Behavior Changes * `ldb` now returns an error if the specified `--compression_type` is not supported in the build. * MultiGet with snapshot and ReadOptions::read_tier = kPersistedTier will now read a consistent view across CFs (instead of potentially reading some CF before and some CF after a flush). * CreateColumnFamily() is no longer allowed on a read-only DB (OpenForReadOnly()) ### Bug Fixes * Fixed stats for Tiered Storage with preclude_last_level feature

## 10.0.1 (03/05/2025) ### Public API Changes * Add an unordered map of name/value pairs, ReadOptions::property_bag, to pass opaque options through to an external table when creating an Iterator. * Introduced CompactionServiceJobStatus::kAborted to allow handling aborted scenario in Schedule(), Wait() or OnInstallation() APIs in Remote Compactions. * Added a column family option disallow_memtable_writes to safely fail any attempts to write to a non-default column family. This can be used for column families that are ingest only. ## 10.0.0 (02/21/2025) ### New Features * Introduced new `auto_refresh_iterator_with_snapshot` opt-in knob that (when enabled) will periodically release obsolete memory and storage resources for as long as the iterator is making progress and its supplied `read_options.snapshot` was initialized with non-nullptr value. * Added the ability to plug-in a custom table reader implementation. See include/rocksdb/external_table_reader.h for more details. * Experimental feature: RocksDB now supports FAISS inverted file based indices via the secondary indexing framework. Applications can use FAISS secondary indices to automatically quantize embeddings and perform K-nearest-neighbors similarity searches. See `FaissIVFIndex` and `SecondaryIndex` for more details. Note: the FAISS integration currently requires using the BUCK build. * Add new DB property `num_running_compaction_sorted_runs` that tracks the number of sorted runs being processed by currently running compactions * Experimental feature: added support for simple secondary indices that index the specified column as-is. See `SimpleSecondaryIndex` and `SecondaryIndex` for more details. * Added new `TransactionDBOptions::txn_commit_bypass_memtable_threshold`, which enables optimized transaction commit (see `TransactionOptions::commit_bypass_memtable`) when the transaction size exceeds a configured threshold. ### Public API Changes * Updated the query API of the experimental secondary indexing feature by removing the earlier `SecondaryIndex::NewIterator` virtual and adding a `SecondaryIndexIterator` class that can be utilized by applications to find the primary keys for a given search target. * Added back the ability to leverage the primary key when building secondary index entries. This involved changes to the signatures of `SecondaryIndex::GetSecondary{KeyPrefix,Value}` as well as the addition of a new method `SecondaryIndex::FinalizeSecondaryKeyPrefix`. See the API comments for more details. * Minimum supported version of ZSTD is now 1.4.0, for code simplification. Obsolete `CompressionType` `kZSTDNotFinalCompression` is also removed. ### Behavior Changes * `VerifyBackup` in `verify_with_checksum`=`true` mode will now evaluate checksums in parallel. As a result, unlike in case of original implementation, the API won't bail out on a very first corruption / mismatch and instead will iterate over all the backup files logging success / _degree_of_failure_ for each. * Reversed the order of updates to the same key in WriteBatchWithIndex. This means if there are multiple updates to the same key, the most recent update is ordered first. This affects the output of WBWIIterator. When WriteBatchWithIndex is created with `overwrite_key=true`, this affects the output only if Merge is used (#13387). * Added support for Merge operations in transactions using option `TransactionOptions::commit_bypass_memtable`. ### Bug Fixes * Fixed GetMergeOperands() API in ReadOnlyDB and SecondaryDB * Fix a bug in `GetMergeOperands()` that can return incorrect status (MergeInProgress) and incorrect number of merge operands. This can happen when `GetMergeOperandsOptions::continue_cb` is set, both active and immutable memtables have merge operands and the callback stops the look up at the immutable memtable.

# Rocksdb Change Log > NOTE: Entries for next release do not go here. Follow instructions in `unreleased_history/README.txt` ## 9.11.2 (03/29/2025) Bump patch version to fix a mistake in the previous 9.11 release tag ## 9.11.1 (02/19/2025) ### New Features * Added the ability to plug-in a custom table reader implementation. See include/rocksdb/external_table_reader.h for more details. ## 9.11.0 (01/17/2025) ### New Features * Introduce CancelAwaitingJobs() in CompactionService interface which will allow users to implement cancellation of running remote compactions from the primary instance * Experimental feature: RocksDB now supports defining secondary indices, which are automatically maintained by the storage engine. Secondary indices provide a new customization point: applications can provide their own by implementing the new `SecondaryIndex` interface. See the `SecondaryIndex` API comments for more details. Note: this feature is currently only available in conjunction with write-committed pessimistic transactions, and `Merge` is not yet supported. * Provide a new option `track_and_verify_wals` to track and verify various information about WAL during WAL recovery. This is intended to be a better replacement to `track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest`. ### Public API Changes * Add `io_buffer_size` to BackupEngineOptions to enable optimal configuration of IO size * Clean up all the references to `random_access_max_buffer_size`, related rules and all the clients wrappers. This option has been officially deprecated in 5.4.0. * Add `file_ingestion_nanos` and `file_ingestion_blocking_live_writes_nanos` in PerfContext to observe file ingestions * Offer new DB::Open and variants that use `std::unique_ptr<DB>*` output parameters and deprecate the old versions that use `DB**` output parameters. * The DB::DeleteFile API is officially deprecated. ### Behavior Changes * For leveled compaction, manual compaction (CompactRange()) will be more strict about keeping compaction size under `max_compaction_bytes`. This prevents overly large compactions in some cases (#13306). * Experimental tiering options `preclude_last_level_data_seconds` and `preserve_internal_time_seconds` are now mutable with `SetOptions()`. Some changes to handling of these features along with long-lived snapshots and range deletes made this possible. ### Bug Fixes * Fix a longstanding major bug with SetOptions() in which setting changes can be quietly reverted.