Configurable failure mode for kubelet startup when `protectKernelDefaults` check fails

### Enhancement Description - One-line enhancement description (can be used as a release note): Configurable failure mode for kubelet to fail or run after warning when `protectKernelDefaults` check fails. - Kubernetes Enhancement Proposal: <!-- link to kubernetes/enhancements file; if none yet, link to PR --> - Discussion Link: <!-- link to SIG mailing list thread, meeting, or recording where the Enhancement was discussed before KEP creation --> [Sig Node Meeting April 21](https://youtu.be/pqJvb8TeJio?si=PQxU5E6maKprwvK3) - PRs by stage and milestone: - [ ] Alpha - v1.xx - [ ] KEP (`k/enhancements`) update PR(s): - [ ] Code (`k/k`) update PR(s): - [ ] Docs (`k/website`) update PR(s): <!-- Uncomment these as you prepare the enhancement for the next stage - [ ] Beta - v1.xx - [ ] KEP (`k/enhancements`) update PR(s): - [ ] Code (`k/k`) update PR(s): - [ ] Docs (`k/website`) update(s): - [ ] Stable - v1.xx - [ ] KEP (`k/enhancements`) update PR(s): - [ ] Code (`k/k`) update PR(s): - [ ] Docs (`k/website`) update(s): --> _Please keep this description up to date. This will help the Enhancement Team to track the evolution of the enhancement efficiently._