Add ability to update Provider Resource objects post initialization

### Is your feature request related to a problem? Resource attributes populated before `os.fork()`, such as `process.pid`, can become stale in the child process because SDK providers inherit the parent process resource. ### Describe the solution you'd like Add SDK support for refreshing process-sensitive resource attributes after fork by re-running relevant resource detectors and updating provider resources for traces, metrics, and logs. ### Describe alternatives you've considered N/A ### Would you like to implement a fix? Yes ### Tip _{[React](https://github.blog/news-insights/product-news/add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/) with 👍 to help prioritize this issue. Please use comments to provide useful context, avoiding `+1` or `me too`, to help us triage it. Learn more [here](https://opentelemetry.io/community/end-user/issue-participation/).}