---
title: generateStaticParams
description: API reference for the generateStaticParams function.
---

The `generateStaticParams` function can be used in combination with [dynamic route segments](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/dynamic-routes) to [**statically generate**](/docs/app/glossary#prerendering) routes at build time instead of on-demand at request time.

`generateStaticParams` can be used with:

- [Pages](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/page) (`page.tsx`/`page.js`)
- [Layouts](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/layout) (`layout.tsx`/`layout.js`)
- [Route Handlers](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/route) (`route.ts`/`route.js`)

```tsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx" switcher
// Return a list of `params` to populate the [slug] dynamic segment
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())

  return posts.map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}

// Multiple versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
export default async function Page({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
}) {
  const { slug } = await params
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.js" switcher
// Return a list of `params` to populate the [slug] dynamic segment
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())

  return posts.map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}

// Multiple versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
export default async function Page({ params }) {
  const { slug } = await params
  // ...
}
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - You can use the [`dynamicParams`](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/route-segment-config/dynamicParams) segment config option to control what happens when a dynamic segment is visited that was not generated with `generateStaticParams`.
> - You must return [an empty array from `generateStaticParams`](#all-paths-at-build-time) or utilize [`export const dynamic = 'force-static'`](/docs/app/guides/caching-without-cache-components#dynamic) in order to revalidate (ISR) [paths at runtime](#all-paths-at-runtime).
> - During `next dev`, `generateStaticParams` will be called when you navigate to a route.
> - During `next build`, `generateStaticParams` runs before the corresponding Layouts or Pages are generated.
> - During revalidation (ISR), `generateStaticParams` will not be called again.
> - `generateStaticParams` replaces the [`getStaticPaths`](/docs/pages/api-reference/functions/get-static-paths) function in the Pages Router.

## Parameters

`options.params` (optional)

If multiple dynamic segments in a route use `generateStaticParams`, the child `generateStaticParams` function is executed once for each set of `params` the parent generates.

The `params` object contains the populated `params` from the parent `generateStaticParams`, which can be used to [generate the `params` in a child segment](#multiple-dynamic-segments-in-a-route).

## Returns

`generateStaticParams` should return an array of objects where each object represents the populated dynamic segments of a single route.

- Each property in the object is a dynamic segment to be filled in for the route.
- The properties name is the segment's name, and the properties value is what that segment should be filled in with.

| Example Route                    | `generateStaticParams` Return Type        |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| `/product/[id]`                  | `{ id: string }[]`                        |
| `/products/[category]/[product]` | `{ category: string, product: string }[]` |
| `/products/[...slug]`            | `{ slug: string[] }[]`                    |

## Single Dynamic Segment

```tsx filename="app/product/[id]/page.tsx" switcher
export function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ id: '1' }, { id: '2' }, { id: '3' }]
}

// Three versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
// - /product/1
// - /product/2
// - /product/3
export default async function Page({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ id: string }>
}) {
  const { id } = await params
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/product/[id]/page.js" switcher
export function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ id: '1' }, { id: '2' }, { id: '3' }]
}

// Three versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
// - /product/1
// - /product/2
// - /product/3
export default async function Page({ params }) {
  const { id } = await params
  // ...
}
```

## Multiple Dynamic Segments

```tsx filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.tsx" switcher
export function generateStaticParams() {
  return [
    { category: 'a', product: '1' },
    { category: 'b', product: '2' },
    { category: 'c', product: '3' },
  ]
}

// Three versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
// - /products/a/1
// - /products/b/2
// - /products/c/3
export default async function Page({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ category: string; product: string }>
}) {
  const { category, product } = await params
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.js" switcher
export function generateStaticParams() {
  return [
    { category: 'a', product: '1' },
    { category: 'b', product: '2' },
    { category: 'c', product: '3' },
  ]
}

// Three versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
// - /products/a/1
// - /products/b/2
// - /products/c/3
export default async function Page({ params }) {
  const { category, product } = await params
  // ...
}
```

## Catch-all Dynamic Segment

```tsx filename="app/product/[...slug]/page.tsx" switcher
export function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ slug: ['a', '1'] }, { slug: ['b', '2'] }, { slug: ['c', '3'] }]
}

// Three versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
// - /product/a/1
// - /product/b/2
// - /product/c/3
export default async function Page({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string[] }>
}) {
  const { slug } = await params
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/product/[...slug]/page.js" switcher
export function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ slug: ['a', '1'] }, { slug: ['b', '2'] }, { slug: ['c', '3'] }]
}

// Three versions of this page will be statically generated
// using the `params` returned by `generateStaticParams`
// - /product/a/1
// - /product/b/2
// - /product/c/3
export default async function Page({ params }) {
  const { slug } = await params
  // ...
}
```

## Examples

### Prerendering

#### All paths at build time

To statically render all paths at build time, supply the full list of paths to `generateStaticParams`:

```tsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())

  return posts.map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}
```

```jsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.js" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())

  return posts.map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}
```

#### Subset of paths at build time

To statically render a subset of paths at build time, and the rest the first time they're visited at runtime, return a partial list of paths:

```tsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())

  // Render the first 10 posts at build time
  return posts.slice(0, 10).map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}
```

```jsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.js" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())

  // Render the first 10 posts at build time
  return posts.slice(0, 10).map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}
```

Then, by using the [`dynamicParams`](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/route-segment-config/dynamicParams) segment config option, you can control what happens when a dynamic segment is visited that was not generated with `generateStaticParams`.

```tsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx" switcher
// All posts besides the top 10 will be a 404
export const dynamicParams = false

export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())
  const topPosts = posts.slice(0, 10)

  return topPosts.map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}
```

```jsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.js" switcher
// All posts besides the top 10 will be a 404
export const dynamicParams = false

export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const posts = await fetch('https://.../posts').then((res) => res.json())
  const topPosts = posts.slice(0, 10)

  return topPosts.map((post) => ({
    slug: post.slug,
  }))
}
```

#### All paths at runtime

To statically render all paths the first time they're visited, return an empty array (no paths will be rendered at build time) or utilize [`export const dynamic = 'force-static'`](/docs/app/guides/caching-without-cache-components#dynamic):

```jsx filename="app/blog/[slug]/page.js"
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  return []
}
```

> **Good to know:**
>
> - You must always return an array from `generateStaticParams`, even if it's empty. Otherwise, the route will be dynamically rendered.

```jsx filename="app/changelog/[slug]/page.js"
export const dynamic = 'force-static'
```

#### With Cache Components

When using [Cache Components](/docs/app/getting-started/caching) with dynamic routes, `generateStaticParams` must return **at least one param**. Empty arrays cause a [build error](/docs/messages/empty-generate-static-params). This allows Cache Components to validate your route doesn't incorrectly access `cookies()`, `headers()`, or `searchParams` at runtime.

> **Good to know**: If you don't know the actual param values at build time, you can return a placeholder param (e.g., `[{ slug: '__placeholder__' }]`) for validation, then handle it in your page with `notFound()`. However, this prevents build time validation from working effectively and may cause runtime errors.

See the [dynamic routes section](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/dynamic-routes#with-cache-components) for detailed walkthroughs, or [ISR with Cache Components](/docs/app/guides/incremental-static-regeneration-cache-components) for prerendering a subset of routes and serving App Shells for the rest.

### With Route Handlers

You can use `generateStaticParams` with [Route Handlers](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/route) to statically generate API responses at build time:

```ts filename="app/api/posts/[id]/route.ts" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ id: '1' }, { id: '2' }, { id: '3' }]
}

export async function GET(
  request: Request,
  { params }: RouteContext<'/api/posts/[id]'>
) {
  const { id } = await params
  // This will be statically generated for IDs 1, 2, and 3
  return Response.json({ id, title: `Post ${id}` })
}
```

```js filename="app/api/posts/[id]/route.js" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ id: '1' }, { id: '2' }, { id: '3' }]
}

export async function GET(request, { params }) {
  const { id } = await params
  // This will be statically generated for IDs 1, 2, and 3
  return Response.json({ id, title: `Post ${id}` })
}
```

### Route Handlers with Cache Components

When using [Cache Components](/docs/app/getting-started/caching), combine with `use cache` for optimal caching:

```ts filename="app/api/posts/[id]/route.ts"
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  return [{ id: '1' }, { id: '2' }, { id: '3' }]
}

async function getPost(id: Promise<string>) {
  'use cache'
  const resolvedId = await id
  const response = await fetch(`https://api.example.com/posts/${resolvedId}`)
  return response.json()
}

export async function GET(
  request: Request,
  { params }: RouteContext<'/api/posts/[id]'>
) {
  const post = await getPost(params.then((p) => p.id))
  return Response.json(post)
}
```

See the [Route Handlers documentation](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/route#static-generation-with-generatestaticparams) for more details.

### Disable rendering for unspecified paths

To prevent unspecified paths from being prerendered at runtime, add the `export const dynamicParams = false` option in a route segment. When this config option is used, only paths provided by `generateStaticParams` will be served, and unspecified routes will 404 or match (in the case of [catch-all routes](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/dynamic-routes#catch-all-segments)).

### Multiple Dynamic Segments in a Route

You can generate params for dynamic segments above the current layout or page, but **not below**. For example, given the `app/products/[category]/[product]` route:

- `app/products/[category]/[product]/page.js` can generate params for **both** `[category]` and `[product]`.
- `app/products/[category]/layout.js` can **only** generate params for `[category]`.

There are two approaches to generating params for a route with multiple dynamic segments:

#### Generate params from the bottom up

Generate multiple dynamic segments from the child route segment.

```tsx filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.tsx" switcher
// Generate segments for both [category] and [product]
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const products = await fetch('https://.../products').then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    category: product.category.slug,
    product: product.id,
  }))
}

export default function Page({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ category: string; product: string }>
}) {
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.js" switcher
// Generate segments for both [category] and [product]
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const products = await fetch('https://.../products').then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    category: product.category.slug,
    product: product.id,
  }))
}

export default function Page({ params }) {
  // ...
}
```

#### Generate params from the top down

Generate the parent segments first and use the result to generate the child segments.

```tsx filename="app/products/[category]/layout.tsx" switcher
// Generate segments for [category]
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const products = await fetch('https://.../products').then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    category: product.category.slug,
  }))
}

export default function Layout({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ category: string }>
}) {
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/products/[category]/layout.js" switcher
// Generate segments for [category]
export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const products = await fetch('https://.../products').then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    category: product.category.slug,
  }))
}

export default function Layout({ params }) {
  // ...
}
```

A child route segment's `generateStaticParams` function is executed once for each segment a parent `generateStaticParams` generates.

The child `generateStaticParams` function can use the `params` returned from the parent `generateStaticParams` function to dynamically generate its own segments.

```tsx filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.tsx" switcher
// Generate segments for [product] using the `params` passed from
// the parent segment's `generateStaticParams` function
export async function generateStaticParams({
  params: { category },
}: {
  params: { category: string }
}) {
  const products = await fetch(
    `https://.../products?category=${category}`
  ).then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    product: product.id,
  }))
}

export default function Page({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ category: string; product: string }>
}) {
  // ...
}
```

```jsx filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.js" switcher
// Generate segments for [product] using the `params` passed from
// the parent segment's `generateStaticParams` function
export async function generateStaticParams({ params: { category } }) {
  const products = await fetch(
    `https://.../products?category=${category}`
  ).then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    product: product.id,
  }))
}

export default function Page({ params }) {
  // ...
}
```

Notice that the params argument can be accessed synchronously and includes only parent segment params.

> **Good to know:** When a parent dynamic segment is a [root parameter](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/next-root-params), you can also read it inside a nested `generateStaticParams` by calling its getter from the `next/root-params` module.

For type completion, you can make use of the TypeScript `Awaited` helper in combination with either [`Page Props helper`](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/page#page-props-helper) or [`Layout Props helper`](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/layout#layout-props-helper):

```ts filename="app/products/[category]/[product]/page.tsx" switcher
export async function generateStaticParams({
  params: { category },
}: {
  params: Awaited<LayoutProps<'/products/[category]'>['params']>
}) {
  const products = await fetch(
    `https://.../products?category=${category}`
  ).then((res) => res.json())

  return products.map((product) => ({
    product: product.id,
  }))
}
```

> **Good to know**: `fetch` requests are automatically [memoized](/docs/app/glossary#memoization) for the same data across all `generate`-prefixed functions, Layouts, Pages, and Server Components. React [`cache` can be used](https://react.dev/reference/react/cache) if `fetch` is unavailable.

## Version History

| Version   | Changes                            |
| --------- | ---------------------------------- |
| `v13.0.0` | `generateStaticParams` introduced. |
