---
title: Issue-Based Direct Democracy (IBDD)
summary: "The voting mechanism developed by the Flux Party — citizens vote on individual pieces of legislation, can delegate votes to others, and earn 'political capital' by abstaining which they can spend on issues they care about."
---

**Issue-Based Direct Democracy (IBDD)** is the specific democratic mechanism developed by the [Flux Party](../organisations/flux-party.md) (Australia). It is a variant of [liquid democracy](liquid-democracy.md) designed to work within an existing parliamentary system — specifically, to determine how a Flux senator would vote on each bill in the Australian Senate.

## How it works

1. **Registered voters** who support Flux receive a vote on each piece of legislation before the Senate
2. They can vote **Yes**, **No**, **Abstain**, or **delegate** their vote to another person
3. Delegation is **transitive**: your delegate can re-delegate your vote
4. **Abstaining earns political capital** — a currency that can be spent to amplify your vote on issues you care more about
5. The Flux senator votes in the Senate according to the aggregate of all participant votes

The political capital mechanism is IBDD's distinctive innovation: it allows citizens to express not just preference but **intensity of preference**. You might abstain on dozens of bills to accumulate capital, then spend it all on an issue you feel strongly about — effectively getting multiple votes on that issue.

## Motivation

The system attempts to solve two problems with direct democracy:

- **Rational ignorance**: most citizens don't follow most legislation. IBDD makes it rational to abstain on topics you don't know about, rather than forcing uninformed votes or non-participation
- **One-size representation**: a senator elected on a party platform votes according to that platform on all issues. IBDD unbundles this — your Flux senator votes according to the actual, issue-specific preferences of their supporters

## Criticisms and open questions

- **Gaming**: the political capital economy creates incentives to strategically accumulate and spend votes in ways that may not reflect genuine preferences
- **Low participation**: if most registered voters participate on few issues, outcomes are determined by a small active subset
- **Complexity**: the mechanism is difficult to explain and reason about, which may limit uptake

## DOD discussion

- [Talk with Ben Ballingall about Flux Party and IBDD](../blog/posts/2020-02-13-podcast.md) — a 2020 DOD podcast explaining IBDD in plain terms, including the citizen-juries comparison and the abstain-to-bank-capital mechanism


## See also

- [Liquid Democracy](liquid-democracy.md) — the broader category
- [Flux Party](../organisations/flux-party.md) — the party that developed and ran on IBDD
- Wikipedia: [Flux (political party)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_(political_party))
