from __future__ import annotations

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from asyncio import gather
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
from inspect import getmro
from itertools import chain
from typing import Any, Generic, Optional, TypedDict, TypeVar, Union, cast

from sqlalchemy import Select, select
from typing_extensions import TypeAlias, Unpack

from phoenix.db.models import (
    Base,
    DocumentAnnotation,
    Project,
    ProjectSession,
    ProjectSessionAnnotation,
    Span,
    SpanAnnotation,
    Trace,
    TraceAnnotation,
)
from phoenix.server.api.dataloaders import CacheForDataLoaders
from phoenix.server.dml_event import (
    DmlEvent,
    DocumentAnnotationDmlEvent,
    ProjectSessionAnnotationDmlEvent,
    SpanAnnotationDmlEvent,
    SpanDeleteEvent,
    SpanDmlEvent,
    TraceAnnotationDmlEvent,
)
from phoenix.server.types import (
    BatchedCaller,
    CanSetLastUpdatedAt,
    DbSessionFactory,
)

_DmlEventT = TypeVar("_DmlEventT", bound=DmlEvent)


class _DmlEventQueue(Generic[_DmlEventT]):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._events: set[_DmlEventT] = set()

    @property
    def empty(self) -> bool:
        return not self._events

    def put(self, event: _DmlEventT) -> None:
        self._events.add(event)

    def clear(self) -> None:
        self._events.clear()

    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[_DmlEventT]:
        yield from self._events


class _HandlerParams(TypedDict):
    db: DbSessionFactory
    last_updated_at: CanSetLastUpdatedAt
    cache_for_dataloaders: Optional[CacheForDataLoaders]
    sleep_seconds: float


class _HasLastUpdatedAt(ABC):
    def __init__(
        self,
        last_updated_at: CanSetLastUpdatedAt,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._last_updated_at = last_updated_at


class _HasCacheForDataLoaders(ABC):
    def __init__(
        self,
        cache_for_dataloaders: Optional[CacheForDataLoaders] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._cache_for_dataloaders = cache_for_dataloaders


class _DmlEventHandler(
    _HasLastUpdatedAt,
    _HasCacheForDataLoaders,
    BatchedCaller[_DmlEventT],
    Generic[_DmlEventT],
    ABC,
):
    _batch_factory = cast(Callable[[], _DmlEventQueue[_DmlEventT]], _DmlEventQueue)

    def __init__(self, *, db: DbSessionFactory, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._db = db

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return id(self)


class _GenericDmlEventHandler(_DmlEventHandler[DmlEvent]):
    async def __call__(self) -> None:
        for e in self._batch:
            for id_ in e.ids:
                self._update(e.table, id_)

    def _update(self, table: type[Base], id_: int) -> None:
        self._last_updated_at.set(table, id_)


class _SpanDmlEventHandler(_DmlEventHandler[SpanDmlEvent]):
    async def __call__(self) -> None:
        if cache := self._cache_for_dataloaders:
            for id_ in set(chain.from_iterable(e.ids for e in self._batch)):
                self._clear(cache, id_)

    @staticmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int) -> None:
        cache.latency_ms_quantile.invalidate(project_id)
        cache.token_count.invalidate(project_id)
        cache.token_cost.invalidate(project_id)
        cache.record_count.invalidate(project_id)
        cache.min_start_or_max_end_time.invalidate(project_id)


class _SpanDeleteEventHandler(_SpanDmlEventHandler):
    @staticmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int) -> None:
        # Call parent's cache invalidation first (core span caches)
        _SpanDmlEventHandler._clear(cache, project_id)

        # Then invalidate annotation-specific caches
        cache.annotation_summary.invalidate_project(project_id)
        cache.document_evaluation_summary.invalidate_project(project_id)


_AnnotationTable: TypeAlias = Union[
    type[SpanAnnotation],
    type[TraceAnnotation],
    type[DocumentAnnotation],
    type[ProjectSessionAnnotation],
]

_AnnotationDmlEventT = TypeVar(
    "_AnnotationDmlEventT",
    SpanAnnotationDmlEvent,
    TraceAnnotationDmlEvent,
    DocumentAnnotationDmlEvent,
    ProjectSessionAnnotationDmlEvent,
)


class _AnnotationDmlEventHandler(
    _DmlEventHandler[_AnnotationDmlEventT],
    Generic[_AnnotationDmlEventT],
    ABC,
):
    _table: _AnnotationTable
    _base_stmt: Union[Select[tuple[int, str]], Select[tuple[int]]] = (
        select(Project.id).join_from(Project, Trace).distinct()
    )

    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_HandlerParams]) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._stmt = self._base_stmt
        if self._cache_for_dataloaders:
            self._stmt = self._stmt.add_columns(self._table.name)

    def _get_stmt(self) -> Union[Select[tuple[int, str]], Select[tuple[int]]]:
        ids = set(chain.from_iterable(e.ids for e in self._batch))
        return self._stmt.where(self._table.id.in_(ids))

    @staticmethod
    @abstractmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int, name: str) -> None: ...

    async def __call__(self) -> None:
        async with self._db() as session:
            async for row in await session.stream(self._get_stmt()):
                self._last_updated_at.set(Project, row.id)
                if cache := self._cache_for_dataloaders:
                    self._clear(cache, row.id, row.name)


class _SpanAnnotationDmlEventHandler(_AnnotationDmlEventHandler[SpanAnnotationDmlEvent]):
    _table = SpanAnnotation

    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_HandlerParams]) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._stmt = self._stmt.join_from(Trace, Span).join_from(Span, self._table)

    @staticmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int, name: str) -> None:
        cache.annotation_summary.invalidate((project_id, name, "span"))


class _TraceAnnotationDmlEventHandler(_AnnotationDmlEventHandler[TraceAnnotationDmlEvent]):
    _table = TraceAnnotation

    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_HandlerParams]) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._stmt = self._stmt.join_from(Trace, self._table)

    @staticmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int, name: str) -> None:
        cache.annotation_summary.invalidate((project_id, name, "trace"))


class _DocumentAnnotationDmlEventHandler(_AnnotationDmlEventHandler[DocumentAnnotationDmlEvent]):
    _table = DocumentAnnotation

    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_HandlerParams]) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._stmt = self._stmt.join_from(Trace, Span).join_from(Span, self._table)

    @staticmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int, name: str) -> None:
        cache.document_evaluation_summary.invalidate((project_id, name))


class _ProjectSessionAnnotationDmlEventHandler(
    _AnnotationDmlEventHandler[ProjectSessionAnnotationDmlEvent]
):
    _table = ProjectSessionAnnotation
    # Session annotations hang off project sessions rather than traces, so the
    # project lookup joins through ProjectSession instead of the default Trace.
    _base_stmt = select(Project.id).join_from(Project, ProjectSession).distinct()

    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_HandlerParams]) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._stmt = self._stmt.join_from(ProjectSession, self._table)

    @staticmethod
    def _clear(cache: CacheForDataLoaders, project_id: int, name: str) -> None:
        cache.annotation_summary.invalidate((project_id, name, "session"))


class DmlEventHandler:
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        db: DbSessionFactory,
        last_updated_at: CanSetLastUpdatedAt,
        cache_for_dataloaders: Optional[CacheForDataLoaders] = None,
        sleep_seconds: float = 0.1,
    ) -> None:
        kwargs = _HandlerParams(
            db=db,
            last_updated_at=last_updated_at,
            cache_for_dataloaders=cache_for_dataloaders,
            sleep_seconds=sleep_seconds,
        )
        self._handlers: Mapping[type[DmlEvent], Iterable[_DmlEventHandler[Any]]] = {
            DmlEvent: [_GenericDmlEventHandler(**kwargs)],
            SpanDmlEvent: [_SpanDmlEventHandler(**kwargs)],
            SpanDeleteEvent: [_SpanDeleteEventHandler(**kwargs)],
            SpanAnnotationDmlEvent: [_SpanAnnotationDmlEventHandler(**kwargs)],
            TraceAnnotationDmlEvent: [_TraceAnnotationDmlEventHandler(**kwargs)],
            DocumentAnnotationDmlEvent: [_DocumentAnnotationDmlEventHandler(**kwargs)],
            ProjectSessionAnnotationDmlEvent: [_ProjectSessionAnnotationDmlEventHandler(**kwargs)],
        }
        self._all_handlers = frozenset(chain.from_iterable(self._handlers.values()))

    async def __aenter__(self) -> None:
        await gather(*(h.start() for h in self._all_handlers))

    async def __aexit__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        await gather(*(h.stop() for h in self._all_handlers))

    def put(self, event: DmlEvent) -> None:
        if not (isinstance(event, DmlEvent) and event):
            return
        for cls in getmro(type(event)):
            if not (issubclass(cls, DmlEvent) and (handlers := self._handlers.get(cls))):
                continue
            for h in handlers:
                h.put(event)
            if cls is DmlEvent:
                break
