<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="never" default-locale="fr-CA">
  <info>
    <title>Université de Montréal - APA (Français - Canada)</title>
    <title-short>UdeM APA FR</title-short>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/universite-de-montreal-apa</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/universite-de-montreal-apa" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa" rel="template"/>
    <link href="https://bib.umontreal.ca/citer/styles-bibliographiques/apa" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
      <name>Florian Martin-Bariteau</name>
      <email>f.martin-bariteau@umontreal.ca</email>
      <uri>http://f-mb.org/</uri>
    </author>
    <contributor>
      <name>Mathieu Brisson</name>
      <email>mathieu.brisson@cegeplimoilou.ca</email>
      <uri/>
    </contributor>
    <contributor>
      <name>Marc Julien</name>
      <email>marc.julien@cegeplimoilou.ca</email>
      <uri/>
    </contributor>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <category field="psychology"/>
    <category field="generic-base"/>
    <summary>Adaptation en français canadien des normes de citation de l'APA (7e édition) basée sur le guide des Bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.</summary>
    <updated>2021-05-10T01:22:45+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <locale>
    <terms>
      <term name="editor" form="short">dir.</term>
      <term name="editortranslator" form="short">dir. et trad.</term>
      <term name="translator" form="short">trad.</term>
      <term name="no date" form="short">s. d.</term>
      <term name="retrieved">repéré</term>
      <term name="from">à</term>
      <term name="presented at">communication présentée au</term>
      <term name="page" form="short">p.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <macro name="container-contributors">
    <choose>
      <if type="chapter paper-conference" match="any">
        <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", " suffix=", ">
          <name and="text" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
          <et-al font-style="italic"/>
          <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
        </names>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="secondary-contributors">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal chapter paper-conference" match="none">
        <names variable="editor translator" delimiter=", ">
          <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
          <name and="text" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
          <et-al font-style="italic"/>
        </names>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author">
    <choose>
      <if variable="author">
        <names variable="author">
          <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
          <et-al font-style="italic"/>
          <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
          <substitute>
            <names variable="editor"/>
            <names variable="translator"/>
            <choose>
              <if type="report">
                <text variable="publisher"/>
                <text macro="title"/>
              </if>
              <else>
                <text macro="title"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </substitute>
        </names>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if type="entry-encyclopedia entry-dictionary" match="any">
            <text macro="title"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <names variable="author">
              <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
              <et-al font-style="italic"/>
              <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
              <substitute>
                <names variable="editor"/>
                <names variable="translator"/>
                <choose>
                  <if type="report">
                    <text variable="publisher"/>
                    <text macro="title"/>
                  </if>
                  <else>
                    <text macro="title"/>
                  </else>
                </choose>
              </substitute>
            </names>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author-short">
    <names variable="author">
      <name form="short" and="text" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
      <substitute>
        <names variable="editor"/>
        <names variable="translator"/>
        <choose>
          <if type="report">
            <text variable="publisher"/>
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic"/>
          </if>
          <else-if type="bill book graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture song map webpage post" match="any">
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic"/>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <text variable="title" form="short" quotes="true"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </substitute>
    </names>
  </macro>
  <macro name="access">
    <choose>
      <if type="thesis">
        <choose>
          <if variable="archive" match="any">
            <group>
              <text variable="archive" suffix=". "/>
              <text variable="archive_location" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
              <text variable="URL"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="URL"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if variable="DOI">
            <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
          </if>
          <else-if type="post">
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <choose>
                <if type="post">
                  <date variable="accessed" form="text" prefix="le "/>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <date variable="accessed" form="text"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
              <text term="from"/>
              <text variable="URL"/>
            </group>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <choose>
              <if type="graphic">
                <text variable="archive" suffix=". "/>
                <text variable="URL"/>
              </if>
              <else>
                <text variable="URL"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title">
    <choose>
      <if type="thesis" match="any">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
        <group prefix=" [" suffix="]" delimiter=", ">
          <text variable="genre" text-case="lowercase"/>
          <text variable="medium" text-case="lowercase"/>
          <choose>
            <if variable="URL" match="any">
              <text variable="publisher"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="report" match="any">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <choose>
            <if variable="number" match="any">
              <text term="issue" form="short"/>
              <text variable="number"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="report" match="any">
        <!---This is a hack until we have a computer program type -->
        <choose>
          <if variable="version">
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text variable="title"/>
              <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
                <text term="version"/>
                <text variable="version"/>
              </group>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
            <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="book" match="any">
        <!---This is a hack until we have a computer program type -->
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
        <choose>
          <if variable="version">
            <group delimiter=" " prefix=" ">
              <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
                <text term="version"/>
                <text variable="version"/>
              </group>
              <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="lowercase"/>
              <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="lowercase"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
        <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="map motion_picture song graphic speech post manuscript webpage" match="any">
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
        <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="lowercase"/>
        <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="lowercase"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="broadcast">
        <text variable="title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text variable="title"/>
        <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publisher">
    <choose>
      <if type="thesis" match="any">
        <choose>
          <if variable="URL archive" match="none">
            <group>
              <text variable="publisher"/>
            </group>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine paper-conference" match="none">
        <group>
          <text variable="publisher"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="event">
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title" match="none">
        <choose>
          <if variable="event">
            <choose>
              <if variable="genre" match="none">
                <choose>
                  <if type="paper-conference" match="none">
                    <text term="presented at" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
                    <text variable="event"/>
                  </if>
                </choose>
              </if>
              <else>
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  <text term="presented at"/>
                  <text variable="event"/>
                </group>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="issued">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="none">
        <choose>
          <if variable="issued">
            <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
              <date variable="issued">
                <date-part name="year"/>
              </date>
              <text variable="year-suffix"/>
              <choose>
                <if type="article-journal bill book chapter legal_case legislation report song" match="none">
                  <date variable="issued" prefix=",">
                    <date-part prefix=" " name="day" range-delimiter=" au "/>
                    <date-part prefix=" " name="month"/>
                  </date>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
              <text term="no date" form="short"/>
              <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="issued-sort">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal bill book chapter graphic legal_case legislation motion_picture paper-conference report song" match="none">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
          <date-part name="month"/>
          <date-part name="day"/>
        </date>
      </if>
      <else>
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="issued-year">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
        <text variable="year-suffix"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
        <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition">
    <choose>
      <if is-numeric="edition">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
          <text term="edition" form="short"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="edition"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="locators">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal article-magazine" match="any">
        <group prefix=", " delimiter=", ">
          <group>
            <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
            <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
          </group>
          <text variable="page"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="article-newspaper">
        <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
          <text variable="page"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="book graphic motion_picture song chapter paper-conference" match="any">
        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
          <group delimiter=", ">
            <text macro="edition"/>
            <group>
              <text term="volume" form="short" plural="true" suffix=" "/>
              <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric" prefix="1-"/>
            </group>
            <group>
              <text term="volume" form="short" suffix=" "/>
              <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
            </group>
            <group>
              <label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/>
              <text variable="page"/>
            </group>
          </group>
          <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="legal_case">
        <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="authority"/>
          <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="bill legislation" match="any">
        <date variable="issued" prefix=" (" suffix=")">
          <date-part name="year"/>
        </date>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="citation-locator">
    <group>
      <choose>
        <if locator="chapter">
          <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text variable="locator" prefix=" "/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container">
    <group>
      <choose>
        <if type="chapter entry-encyclopedia entry-dictionary song" match="any">
          <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <choose>
        <if type="entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
          <names variable="editor" suffix=", ">
            <name and="text" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="never"/>
            <et-al font-style="italic"/>
            <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
          </names>
        </if>
        <else-if type="song">
          <text variable="collection-title" font-style="italic"/>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
      <text macro="container-contributors"/>
      <choose>
        <if type="paper-conference">
          <group delimiter=", ">
            <text variable="event"/>
            <text variable="publisher-place"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else-if type="entry-dictionary">
          <text macro="container-title"/>
          <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
            <text variable="page" prefix="p. "/>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="broadcast">
          <group prefix=" (" suffix=")">
            <choose>
              <if is-numeric="number">
                <!-- Replace with label variable="number" if that becomes available -->
                <text term="issue" suffix=" " form="short"/>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </if>
              <else>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
          <text variable="genre" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="lowercase"/>
          <text variable="medium" prefix=" [" suffix="]" text-case="lowercase"/>
          <text macro="container-title"/>
        </else-if>
        <else>
          <text macro="container-title"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <choose>
        <if type="entry-encyclopedia">
          <group prefix=" (" suffix=")" delimiter=", ">
            <text variable="volume" prefix="Vol. "/>
            <text variable="page" prefix="p. "/>
          </group>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
    <choose>
      <if type="manuscript">
        <text value="Document inédit"/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-title">
    <choose>
      <if type="article article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper" match="any">
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        <text variable="container-title" text-case="title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="webpage">
        <text variable="container-title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="broadcast">
        <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first" prefix=". " suffix=" "/>
        <text variable="collection-title" font-style="italic"/>
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="bill legal_case legislation" match="none">
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <group delimiter=" " prefix=", ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title">
              <text variable="volume"/>
              <text variable="container-title"/>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
                <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
                <text variable="section"/>
              </group>
              <text variable="page"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if type="legal_case">
                  <text term="issue" form="short"/>
                  <text variable="number"/>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text term="issue" form="short"/>
                  <text variable="number"/>
                  <group delimiter=" ">
                    <!--change to label variable="section" as that becomes available -->
                    <text term="section" form="symbol"/>
                    <text variable="section"/>
                  </group>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" collapse="year" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key macro="issued-sort"/>
    </sort>
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text macro="author-short"/>
        <text macro="issued-year"/>
        <text macro="citation-locator"/>
      </group>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="21" et-al-use-first="20" et-al-use-last="true" entry-spacing="0" line-spacing="2">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author"/>
      <key macro="issued-sort" sort="ascending"/>
      <key macro="title"/>
    </sort>
    <layout>
      <group suffix=".">
        <choose>
          <if type="broadcast">
            <group delimiter=". ">
              <text macro="author"/>
              <text macro="issued"/>
              <text macro="title" prefix=" "/>
            </group>
            <text macro="container"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=". ">
              <text macro="author"/>
              <text macro="issued"/>
              <choose>
                <if type="entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="author">
                      <text macro="title" prefix=" "/>
                    </if>
                  </choose>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text macro="title" prefix=" "/>
                </else>
              </choose>
              <text macro="container"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
        <text macro="locators"/>
        <group delimiter=", " prefix=". ">
          <text macro="event"/>
          <text macro="publisher"/>
        </group>
      </group>
      <text macro="access" prefix=" "/>
    </layout>
  </bibliography>
</style>
