use crate::brush_cache::BrushCache;
use crate::brush_stroke::{BrushStyle, BrushTrace};
use core_types::ATTR_TRANSFORM;
use core_types::blending::BlendMode;
use core_types::bounds::{BoundingBox, RenderBoundingBox};
use core_types::color::{Alpha, Color, Pixel, Sample};
use core_types::generic::FnNode;
use core_types::list::{Item, List};
use core_types::math::bbox::{AxisAlignedBbox, Bbox};
use core_types::registry::FutureWrapperNode;
use core_types::transform::Transform;
use core_types::value::ClonedNode;
use core_types::{Ctx, Node};
use glam::{DAffine2, DVec2};
use raster_nodes::blending_nodes::blend_colors;
use raster_nodes::std_nodes::{empty_image, extend_image_to_bounds};
use raster_types::BitmapMut;
use raster_types::Image;
use raster_types::{CPU, Raster};

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct BrushStampGenerator<P: Pixel + Alpha> {
	color: P,
	feather_exponent: f32,
	transform: DAffine2,
}

impl<P: Pixel + Alpha> Transform for BrushStampGenerator<P> {
	fn transform(&self) -> DAffine2 {
		self.transform
	}
}

impl<P: Pixel + Alpha> Sample for BrushStampGenerator<P> {
	type Pixel = P;

	#[inline]
	fn sample(&self, position: DVec2, area: DVec2) -> Option<P> {
		let position = self.transform.inverse().transform_point2(position);
		let area = self.transform.inverse().transform_vector2(area);
		let aa_blur_radius = area.length() as f32 * 2.;
		let center = DVec2::splat(0.5);

		let distance = (position + area / 2. - center).length() as f32 * 2.;

		let edge_opacity = 1. - (1. - aa_blur_radius).powf(self.feather_exponent);
		let result = if distance < 1. - aa_blur_radius {
			1. - distance.powf(self.feather_exponent)
		} else if distance < 1. {
			// TODO: Replace this with a proper analytical AA implementation
			edge_opacity * ((1. - distance) / aa_blur_radius)
		} else {
			return None;
		};

		use core_types::color::Channel;
		Some(self.color.multiplied_alpha(P::AlphaChannel::from_linear(result)))
	}
}

/// Controls the brush shape with diameter and hardness, plus color and opacity (via flow).
/// The feather exponent is calculated from hardness to determine edge softness.
/// Used internally to create the brush texture before stamping it repeatedly along a stroke path.
#[node_macro::node(category(""), skip_impl)]
fn brush_stamp_generator(#[unit(" px")] diameter: f64, color: Color, hardness: f64, flow: f64) -> BrushStampGenerator<Color> {
	// Diameter
	let radius = diameter / 2.;

	// Hardness
	let hardness = hardness / 100.;
	let feather_exponent = 1. / (1. - hardness) as f32;

	// Flow
	let flow = flow / 100.;

	// Color
	let color = color.apply_opacity(flow as f32);

	let transform = DAffine2::from_scale_angle_translation(DVec2::splat(diameter), 0., -DVec2::splat(radius));
	BrushStampGenerator { color, feather_exponent, transform }
}

/// Used to efficiently paint brush strokes. Applies the same texture repeatedly at different positions with proper blending and boundary handling.
#[node_macro::node(category(""), skip_impl)]
fn blit<BlendFn>(target: List<Raster<CPU>>, texture: Raster<CPU>, positions: Vec<DVec2>, blend_mode: BlendFn) -> List<Raster<CPU>>
where
	BlendFn: for<'any_input> Node<'any_input, (Color, Color), Output = Color>,
{
	let mut target = target;
	if positions.is_empty() {
		return target;
	}

	let (elements, transforms) = target.element_and_attribute_slices_mut::<DAffine2>(ATTR_TRANSFORM);
	for (element, transform_attribute) in elements.iter_mut().zip(transforms.iter()) {
		let target_width = element.width;
		let target_height = element.height;
		let target_size = DVec2::new(target_width as f64, target_height as f64);

		let texture_size = DVec2::new(texture.width as f64, texture.height as f64);

		let document_to_target = DAffine2::from_translation(-texture_size / 2.) * DAffine2::from_scale(target_size) * transform_attribute.inverse();

		for position in &positions {
			let start = document_to_target.transform_point2(*position).round();
			let stop = start + texture_size;

			// Half-open integer ranges [start, stop).
			let clamp_start = start.clamp(DVec2::ZERO, target_size).as_uvec2();
			let clamp_stop = stop.clamp(DVec2::ZERO, target_size).as_uvec2();

			let blit_area_offset = (clamp_start.as_dvec2() - start).as_uvec2().min(texture_size.as_uvec2());
			let blit_area_dimensions = (clamp_stop - clamp_start).min(texture_size.as_uvec2() - blit_area_offset);

			// Tight blitting loop. Eagerly assert bounds to hopefully eliminate bounds check inside loop.
			let texture_index = |x: u32, y: u32| -> usize { (y as usize * texture.width as usize) + (x as usize) };
			let target_index = |x: u32, y: u32| -> usize { (y as usize * target_width as usize) + (x as usize) };

			let max_y = (blit_area_offset.y + blit_area_dimensions.y).saturating_sub(1);
			let max_x = (blit_area_offset.x + blit_area_dimensions.x).saturating_sub(1);
			assert!(texture_index(max_x, max_y) < texture.data.len());
			assert!(target_index(max_x, max_y) < element.data.len());

			for y in blit_area_offset.y..blit_area_offset.y + blit_area_dimensions.y {
				for x in blit_area_offset.x..blit_area_offset.x + blit_area_dimensions.x {
					let src_pixel = texture.data[texture_index(x, y)];
					let dst_pixel = &mut element.data_mut().data[target_index(x + clamp_start.x, y + clamp_start.y)];
					*dst_pixel = blend_mode.eval((src_pixel, *dst_pixel));
				}
			}
		}
	}

	target
}

pub async fn create_brush_texture(brush_style: &BrushStyle) -> Raster<CPU> {
	let stamp = brush_stamp_generator(brush_style.diameter, brush_style.color, brush_style.hardness, brush_style.flow);
	let transform = DAffine2::from_scale_angle_translation(DVec2::splat(brush_style.diameter), 0., -DVec2::splat(brush_style.diameter / 2.));
	let blank_texture = empty_image((), Item::new_from_element(transform), Item::new_from_element(Color::TRANSPARENT));
	let image = blend_stamp_closure(stamp, blank_texture, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Normal, 1.));

	image.into_element()
}

pub fn blend_with_mode(background: Item<Raster<CPU>>, foreground: Item<Raster<CPU>>, blend_mode: BlendMode, opacity: f64) -> Item<Raster<CPU>> {
	let opacity = opacity as f32 / 100.;
	match std::hint::black_box(blend_mode) {
		// Normal group
		BlendMode::Normal => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Normal, opacity)),
		// Darken group
		BlendMode::Darken => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Darken, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Multiply => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Multiply, opacity)),
		BlendMode::ColorBurn => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::ColorBurn, opacity)),
		BlendMode::LinearBurn => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::LinearBurn, opacity)),
		BlendMode::DarkerColor => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::DarkerColor, opacity)),
		// Lighten group
		BlendMode::Lighten => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Lighten, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Screen => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Screen, opacity)),
		BlendMode::ColorDodge => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::ColorDodge, opacity)),
		BlendMode::LinearDodge => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::LinearDodge, opacity)),
		BlendMode::LighterColor => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::LighterColor, opacity)),
		// Contrast group
		BlendMode::Overlay => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Overlay, opacity)),
		BlendMode::SoftLight => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::SoftLight, opacity)),
		BlendMode::HardLight => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::HardLight, opacity)),
		BlendMode::VividLight => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::VividLight, opacity)),
		BlendMode::LinearLight => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::LinearLight, opacity)),
		BlendMode::PinLight => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::PinLight, opacity)),
		BlendMode::HardMix => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::HardMix, opacity)),
		// Inversion group
		BlendMode::Difference => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Difference, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Exclusion => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Exclusion, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Subtract => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Subtract, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Divide => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Divide, opacity)),
		// Component group
		BlendMode::Hue => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Hue, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Saturation => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Saturation, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Color => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Color, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Luminosity => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Luminosity, opacity)),
		// Other utility blend modes (hidden from the normal list)
		BlendMode::Erase => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Erase, opacity)),
		BlendMode::Restore => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Restore, opacity)),
		BlendMode::MultiplyAlpha => blend_image_closure(foreground, background, |a, b| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::MultiplyAlpha, opacity)),
	}
}

/// Generates the brush strokes painted with the Brush tool as a raster image.
/// If an input image is supplied, strokes are drawn on top of it, expanding bounds as needed.
#[node_macro::node(category("Raster"))]
async fn brush(
	_: impl Ctx,
	/// Optional raster content that may be drawn onto.
	background: Item<Raster<CPU>>,
	/// The list of brush stroke paths drawn by the Brush tool, with each including both its coordinates and styles.
	trace: Item<BrushTrace>,
	/// Internal cache data used to accelerate rendering of the brush content.
	#[data]
	cache: BrushCache,
) -> Item<Raster<CPU>> {
	let trace = trace.into_element().0;

	let list_item = background;
	let mut result_item = list_item.clone();

	let bounds = List::new_from_item(list_item.clone()).bounding_box(DAffine2::IDENTITY, false);
	let [start, end] = if let RenderBoundingBox::Rectangle(rect) = bounds { rect } else { [DVec2::ZERO, DVec2::ZERO] };
	let background_bbox = AxisAlignedBbox { start, end };
	let stroke_bbox = trace.iter_element_values().map(|s| s.bounding_box()).reduce(|a, b| a.union(&b)).unwrap_or(AxisAlignedBbox::ZERO);
	let bbox = if background_bbox.size().length() < 0.1 {
		stroke_bbox
	} else {
		stroke_bbox.union(&background_bbox)
	};
	let background_bounds = bbox.to_transform();

	let mut draw_strokes: Vec<_> = trace
		.iter_element_values()
		.filter(|&s| !matches!(s.style.blend_mode, BlendMode::Erase | BlendMode::Restore))
		.cloned()
		.collect();

	let mut brush_plan = cache.compute_brush_plan(list_item, &draw_strokes);

	let mut actual_image = extend_image_to_bounds((), brush_plan.background, Item::new_from_element(background_bounds));

	let final_stroke_idx = brush_plan.strokes.len().saturating_sub(1);
	for (idx, stroke) in brush_plan.strokes.into_iter().enumerate() {
		// Create brush texture.
		// TODO: apply rotation from layer to stamp for non-rotationally-symmetric brushes.
		let mut brush_texture = cache.get_cached_brush(&stroke.style);
		if brush_texture.is_none() {
			let tex = create_brush_texture(&stroke.style).await;
			cache.store_brush(stroke.style.clone(), tex.clone());
			brush_texture = Some(tex);
		}
		let brush_texture = brush_texture.unwrap();

		// Compute transformation from stroke texture space into layer space, and create the stroke texture.
		let skip = if idx == 0 { brush_plan.first_stroke_point_skip } else { 0 };
		let positions: Vec<_> = stroke.compute_blit_points().into_iter().skip(skip).collect();
		let stroke_texture = if idx == 0 && positions.is_empty() {
			core::mem::take(&mut brush_plan.first_stroke_texture)
		} else {
			let mut bbox = stroke.bounding_box();
			bbox.start = bbox.start.floor();
			bbox.end = bbox.end.floor();
			let stroke_size = bbox.size() + DVec2::splat(stroke.style.diameter);
			// For numerical stability we want to place the first blit point at a stable, integer offset in layer space.
			let snap_offset = positions[0].floor() - positions[0];
			let stroke_origin_in_layer = bbox.start - snap_offset - DVec2::splat(stroke.style.diameter / 2.);
			let stroke_to_layer = DAffine2::from_translation(stroke_origin_in_layer) * DAffine2::from_scale(stroke_size);

			let normal_blend = FnNode::new(|(a, b)| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::Normal, 1.));
			let blit_node = BlitNode::new(
				FutureWrapperNode::new(ClonedNode::new(brush_texture)),
				FutureWrapperNode::new(ClonedNode::new(positions)),
				FutureWrapperNode::new(ClonedNode::new(normal_blend)),
			);
			let blit_target = if idx == 0 {
				let target = core::mem::take(&mut brush_plan.first_stroke_texture);
				List::new_from_item(extend_image_to_bounds((), target, Item::new_from_element(stroke_to_layer)))
			} else {
				List::new_from_item(empty_image((), Item::new_from_element(stroke_to_layer), Item::new_from_element(Color::TRANSPARENT)))
			};

			let list = blit_node.eval(blit_target).await;
			assert_eq!(list.len(), 1);
			list.into_iter().next().unwrap_or_default()
		};

		// Cache image before doing final blend, and store final stroke texture.
		if idx == final_stroke_idx {
			cache.cache_results(core::mem::take(&mut draw_strokes), actual_image.clone(), stroke_texture.clone());
		}

		// TODO: Is this the correct way to do opacity in blending?
		actual_image = blend_with_mode(actual_image, stroke_texture, stroke.style.blend_mode, (stroke.style.color.a() * 100.) as f64);
	}

	let has_erase_or_restore_strokes = trace.iter_element_values().any(|s| matches!(s.style.blend_mode, BlendMode::Erase | BlendMode::Restore));
	if has_erase_or_restore_strokes {
		let opaque_image = Image::new(bbox.size().x as u32, bbox.size().y as u32, Color::WHITE);
		let mut erase_restore_mask = Item::new_from_element(Raster::new_cpu(opaque_image)).with_attribute(ATTR_TRANSFORM, background_bounds);

		for stroke in trace.into_iter().map(|row| row.into_element()) {
			let mut brush_texture = cache.get_cached_brush(&stroke.style);
			if brush_texture.is_none() {
				let tex = create_brush_texture(&stroke.style).await;
				cache.store_brush(stroke.style.clone(), tex.clone());
				brush_texture = Some(tex);
			}
			let brush_texture = brush_texture.unwrap();
			let positions: Vec<_> = stroke.compute_blit_points().into_iter().collect();

			// For mask composition: Erase subtracts alpha, Restore adds alpha, and Draw acts like Restore to allow repainting erased areas.
			let mask_blend_mode = match stroke.style.blend_mode {
				BlendMode::Erase => BlendMode::Erase,
				BlendMode::Restore => BlendMode::Restore,
				_ => BlendMode::Restore,
			};

			let blend_params = FnNode::new(move |(a, b)| blend_colors(a, b, mask_blend_mode, 1.));
			let blit_node = BlitNode::new(
				FutureWrapperNode::new(ClonedNode::new(brush_texture)),
				FutureWrapperNode::new(ClonedNode::new(positions)),
				FutureWrapperNode::new(ClonedNode::new(blend_params)),
			);
			erase_restore_mask = blit_node.eval(List::new_from_item(erase_restore_mask)).await.into_iter().next().unwrap_or_default();
		}

		let blend_params = FnNode::new(|(a, b)| blend_colors(a, b, BlendMode::MultiplyAlpha, 1.));
		actual_image = blend_image_closure(erase_restore_mask, actual_image, |a, b| blend_params.eval((a, b)));
	}

	// The paint operation changes only the raster and its bounds, so set just the resulting transform; blending, opacity,
	// clipping, and layer-path attributes carry through from the input `background` rather than being invented here.
	let transform: DAffine2 = actual_image.attribute_cloned_or_default(ATTR_TRANSFORM);

	*result_item.element_mut() = actual_image.into_element();
	result_item.set_attribute(ATTR_TRANSFORM, transform);

	result_item
}

pub fn blend_image_closure(foreground: Item<Raster<CPU>>, mut background: Item<Raster<CPU>>, map_fn: impl Fn(Color, Color) -> Color) -> Item<Raster<CPU>> {
	let foreground_size = DVec2::new(foreground.element().width as f64, foreground.element().height as f64);
	let background_size = DVec2::new(background.element().width as f64, background.element().height as f64);

	// Transforms a point from the background image to the foreground image
	let foreground_transform: DAffine2 = foreground.attribute_cloned_or_default(ATTR_TRANSFORM);
	let background_transform: DAffine2 = background.attribute_cloned_or_default(ATTR_TRANSFORM);
	let background_to_foreground = DAffine2::from_scale(foreground_size) * foreground_transform.inverse() * background_transform * DAffine2::from_scale(1. / background_size);

	// Footprint of the foreground image (0, 0)..(1, 1) in the background image space
	let background_aabb = Bbox::unit().affine_transform(background_transform.inverse() * foreground_transform).to_axis_aligned_bbox();

	// Clamp the foreground image to the background image
	let start = (background_aabb.start * background_size).max(DVec2::ZERO).as_uvec2();
	let end = (background_aabb.end * background_size).min(background_size).as_uvec2();

	for y in start.y..end.y {
		for x in start.x..end.x {
			let background_point = DVec2::new(x as f64, y as f64);
			let foreground_point = background_to_foreground.transform_point2(background_point);

			let source_pixel = foreground.element().sample(foreground_point);
			let Some(destination_pixel) = background.element_mut().data_mut().get_pixel_mut(x, y) else {
				continue;
			};

			*destination_pixel = map_fn(source_pixel, *destination_pixel);
		}
	}

	background
}

pub fn blend_stamp_closure(foreground: BrushStampGenerator<Color>, mut background: Item<Raster<CPU>>, map_fn: impl Fn(Color, Color) -> Color) -> Item<Raster<CPU>> {
	let background_size = DVec2::new(background.element().width as f64, background.element().height as f64);

	// Transforms a point from the background image to the foreground image
	let background_transform: DAffine2 = background.attribute_cloned_or_default(ATTR_TRANSFORM);
	let background_to_foreground = background_transform * DAffine2::from_scale(1. / background_size);

	// Footprint of the foreground image (0, 0)..(1, 1) in the background image space
	let background_aabb = Bbox::unit().affine_transform(background_transform.inverse() * foreground.transform()).to_axis_aligned_bbox();

	// Clamp the foreground image to the background image
	let start = (background_aabb.start * background_size).max(DVec2::ZERO).as_uvec2();
	let end = (background_aabb.end * background_size).min(background_size).as_uvec2();

	let area = background_to_foreground.transform_point2(DVec2::new(1., 1.)) - background_to_foreground.transform_point2(DVec2::ZERO);
	for y in start.y..end.y {
		for x in start.x..end.x {
			let background_point = DVec2::new(x as f64, y as f64);
			let foreground_point = background_to_foreground.transform_point2(background_point);

			let Some(source_pixel) = foreground.sample(foreground_point, area) else { continue };
			let Some(destination_pixel) = background.element_mut().data_mut().get_pixel_mut(x, y) else {
				continue;
			};

			*destination_pixel = map_fn(source_pixel, *destination_pixel);
		}
	}

	background
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
	use super::*;
	use crate::brush_stroke::BrushStroke;
	use core_types::transform::Transform;
	use glam::DAffine2;

	#[test]
	fn test_brush_texture() {
		let size = 20.;
		let image = brush_stamp_generator(size, Color::BLACK, 100., 100.);
		assert_eq!(image.transform(), DAffine2::from_scale_angle_translation(DVec2::splat(size.ceil()), 0., -DVec2::splat(size / 2.)));
		// center pixel should be BLACK
		assert_eq!(image.sample(DVec2::splat(0.), DVec2::ONE), Some(Color::BLACK));
	}

	#[tokio::test]
	async fn test_brush_output_size() {
		let image = brush(
			(),
			&BrushCache::default(),
			Item::new_from_element(Raster::new_cpu(Image::<Color>::default())),
			Item::new_from_element(BrushTrace::from(vec![BrushStroke {
				trace: vec![crate::brush_stroke::BrushInputSample { position: DVec2::ZERO }],
				style: BrushStyle {
					color: Color::BLACK,
					diameter: 20.,
					hardness: 20.,
					flow: 20.,
					spacing: 20.,
					blend_mode: BlendMode::Normal,
				},
			}])),
		)
		.await;
		assert_eq!(image.element().width, 20);
	}
}
