+++
title = "htmx Server Sent Event (SSE) Extension"
+++

The `Server Sent Events` extension connects to
an [EventSource](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events) directly
from HTML. It manages the connections to your web server, listens for server events, and then swaps their contents into
your htmx webpage in real-time.

SSE is a lightweight alternative to WebSockets that works over existing HTTP connections, so it is easy to use through
proxy servers and firewalls. Remember, SSE is a uni-directional service, so you cannot send any messages to an SSE
server once the connection has been established. If you need bi-directional communication, then you should consider
using [WebSockets](@/extensions/ws.md) instead.

This extension replaces the experimental `hx-sse` attribute built into previous versions of htmx. For help migrating
from older versions, see the migration guide at the bottom of this page.

Use the following attributes to configure how SSE connections behave:

* `sse-connect="<url>"` - The URL of the SSE server.
* `sse-swap="<message-name>"` - The name of the message to swap into the DOM.
* `hx-trigger="sse:<message-name>"` - SSE messages can also trigger HTTP callbacks using
  the [`hx-trigger`](https://htmx.org/attributes/hx-trigger) attribute.
* `sse-close=<message-name>` - To close the EventStream gracefully when that message is received. This might be helpful
  if you want to send information to a client that will eventually stop.

## Installing

The fastest way to install `sse` is to load it via a CDN. Remember to always include the core htmx library before the extension and [enable the extension](#usage).
```HTML
<head>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/htmx.org@2.0.10/dist/htmx.min.js" integrity="sha384-H5SrcfygHmAuTDZphMHqBJLc3FhssKjG7w/CeCpFReSfwBWDTKpkzPP8c+cLsK+V" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/htmx-ext-sse@2.2.4" integrity="sha384-A986SAtodyH8eg8x8irJnYUk7i9inVQqYigD6qZ9evobksGNIXfeFvDwLSHcp31N" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body hx-ext="sse">
```
An unminified version is also available at https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/htmx-ext-sse/dist/sse.js.

While the CDN approach is simple, you may want to consider [not using CDNs in production](https://blog.wesleyac.com/posts/why-not-javascript-cdn). The next easiest way to install `sse` is to simply copy it into your project. Download the extension from `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/htmx-ext-sse`, add it to the appropriate directory in your project and include it where necessary with a `<script>` tag.

For npm-style build systems, you can install `sse` via [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/):
```shell
npm install htmx-ext-sse
```
After installing, you'll need to use appropriate tooling to bundle `node_modules/htmx-ext-sse/dist/sse.js` (or `.min.js`). For example, you might bundle the extension with htmx core from `node_modules/htmx.org/dist/htmx.js` and project-specific code.

If you are using a bundler to manage your javascript (e.g. Webpack, Rollup):
- Install `htmx.org` and `htmx-ext-sse` via npm
- Import both packages to your `index.js`
```JS
import `htmx.org`;
import `htmx-ext-sse`; 
```

## Usage

```html

<div hx-ext="sse" sse-connect="/chatroom" sse-swap="message">
    Contents of this box will be updated in real time
    with every SSE message received from the chatroom.
</div>
```

### Connecting to an SSE Server

To connect to an SSE server, use the `hx-ext="sse"` attribute to install the extension on that HTML element, then
add `sse-connect="<url>"` to the element to make the connection.

When designing your server application, remember that SSE works just like any HTTP request. Although you cannot send any
messages to the server after you have established a connection, you can send parameters to the server along with your
request. So, instead of making an SSE connection to your server at `https://my-server/chat-updates` you can also connect
to `https://my-server/chat-updates?friends=true&format=detailed`. This allows your server to customize its responses to
what your client needs.

### Receiving Named Events

SSE messages consist of an event name and a data packet. No other metadata is allowed in the message. Here is an
example:

```txt
event: EventName
data: <div>Content to swap into your HTML page.</div>
```

We'll use the `sse-swap` attribute to listen for this event and swap its contents into our webpage.

```html

<div hx-ext="sse" sse-connect="/event-source" sse-swap="EventName"></div>
```

Notice that the name `EventName` from the server's message must match the value in the `sse-swap` attribute. Your server
can use as many different event names as necessary, but be careful: browsers can only listen for events that have been
explicitly named. So, if your server sends an event named `ChatroomUpdate` but your browser is only listening for events
named `ChatUpdate` then the extra event will be discarded.

### Receiving Unnamed Events

SSE messages can also be sent without any event name. In this case, the browser uses the default name `message` in its
place. The same rules specified above still apply. If your server sends an unnamed message, then you must listen for it
by including `sse-swap="message"`. There is no option for using a catch-all name. Here's how this looks:

```txt
data: <div>Content to swap into your HTML page.</div>
```

```html

<div hx-ext="sse" sse-connect="/event-source" sse-swap="message"></div>
```

### Receiving Multiple Events

You can also listen to multiple events (named or unnamed) from a single EventSource. Listeners must be either 1) the
same element that contains the `hx-ext` and `sse-connect` attributes, or 2) child elements of the element containing
the `hx-ext` and `sse-connect` attributes.

```html

Multiple events in the same element
<div hx-ext="sse" sse-connect="/server-url" sse-swap="event1,event2"></div>

Multiple events in different elements (from the same source).
<div hx-ext="sse" sse-connect="/server-url">
    <div sse-swap="event1"></div>
    <div sse-swap="event2"></div>
</div>
```

### Trigger Server Callbacks

When a connection for server sent events has been established, child elements can listen for these events by using the
special [`hx-trigger`](https://htmx.org/attributes/hx-trigger) syntax `sse:<event_name>`. This, when combined with
an `hx-get` or similar will trigger the element to make a request.

Here is an example:

```html

<div hx-ext="sse" sse-connect="/event_stream">
    <div hx-get="/chatroom" hx-trigger="sse:chatter">
        ...
    </div>
</div>
```

This example establishes an SSE connection to the `event_stream` end point which then triggers
a `GET` to the `/chatroom` url whenever the `chatter` event is seen.

### Automatic Reconnection

If the SSE Event Stream is closed unexpectedly, browsers are supposed to attempt to reconnect automatically. However, in
rare situations this does not work and your browser can be left hanging. This extension adds its own reconnection
logic (using an [exponential-backoff algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff)) on top of the
browser's automatic reconnection, so that your SSE streams will always be as reliable as possible.

### Testing SSE Connections with the Demo Server

Htmx includes a demo SSE server written in Node.js that will help you to see SSE in action, and begin bootstrapping your
own SSE code. It is located in the /test/ws-sse folder of
the [`htmx-extensions`](https://github.com/bigskysoftware/htmx-extensions) repository. Look at /test/ws-sse/README.md
for instructions on running and using the test server.

### Migrating from Previous Versions

Previous versions of htmx used a built-in tag `hx-sse` to implement Server Sent Events. This code has been migrated into
an extension instead. Here are the steps you need to take to migrate to this version:

| Old Attribute                  | New Attribute            | Comments                                                                                                                                                                                        |
|--------------------------------|--------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `hx-sse=""`                    | `hx-ext="sse"`           | Use the `hx-ext="sse"` attribute to install the SSE extension into any HTML element.                                                                                                            |
| `hx-sse="connect:<url>"`       | `sse-connect="<url>"`    | Add a new attribute `sse-connect` to the tag that specifies the URL of the Event Stream.  This attribute must be in the same tag as the `hx-ext` attribute.                                     |
| `hx-sse="swap:<EventName>"`    | `sse-swap="<EventName>"` | Add a new attribute `sse-swap` to any elements that will be swapped in via the SSE extension.  This attribute must be placed **on** or **inside of** the tag containing the `hx-ext` attribute. |
| `hx-trigger="sse:<EventName>"` | NO CHANGE                | any `hx-trigger` attributes do not need to change.  The extension will identify these attributes and add listeners for any events prefixed with `sse:`                                          |

### Listening to events dispatched by this extension

This extension dispatches several events. You can listen for these events like so:

```javascript
document.body.addEventListener('htmx:sseBeforeMessage', function (e) {
    // do something before the event data is swapped in
})
```

Each event object has a `detail` field that contains details of the event.

#### `htmx:sseOpen`

This event is dispatched when an SSE connection has been successfully established.

##### Details

* `detail.elt` - The element on which the SSE connection was setup. This is the element which has the `sse-connect`
  attribute.
* `detail.source` - The [EventSource](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource) object.

#### `htmx:sseError`

This event is dispatched when an SSE connection could not be established.

##### Details

* `detail.error` - The error that occurred while creating
  an [EventSource](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource).
* `detail.source` - The [EventSource](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource).

#### `htmx:sseBeforeMessage`

This event is dispatched just before the SSE event data is swapped into the DOM. If you don't want to swap
call `preventDefault()` on the event. Additionally the `detail` field is
a [MessageEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource/message_event) - this is the event created
by [EventSource](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource) when it receives an SSE message.

##### Details

* `detail.elt` - The swap target.

#### `htmx:sseMessage`

This event is dispatched after the SSE event data has been swapped into the DOM. The `detail` field is
a [MessageEvent](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource/message_event) - this is the event created
by [EventSource](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventSource) when it receives an SSE message.

#### `htmx:sseClose`

This event is dispatched in three different closing scenario. To control for the scenario the user can control for the
evt.detail.sseclose property.

```javascript
document.body.addEventListener('htmx:sseClose', function (e) {
    const reason = e.detail.type
    switch (reason) {
        case "nodeMissing":
            // Parent node is missing and therefore connection was closed
        ...
        case "nodeReplaced":
            // Parent node replacement caused closing of connection
        ...
        case "message":
            // connection was closed due to reception of message sse-close
        ...
    }
})
```

##### Details

* `detail.elt` - The swap target.

### Additional SSE Resources

* [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-sent_events)
* [MDN Web Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events)
* [Can I Use?](https://caniuse.com/eventsource)
