From dff0c180819449c742ed77b2cb542b5a95c1f0d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gns <wangbingzhen.riscv@isrc.iscas.ac.cn>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2025 20:48:19 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Add RISC-V 64 support

This backports RISC-V 64 support from openresty/luajit2 PR #236.

The patch adds comprehensive RISC-V64 JIT implementation including:
- Architecture detection and definitions
- DynASM RISC-V support
- JIT compiler, assembler, and emitter implementations
- FFI calling conventions and Linux-specific support

Original work by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
See: https://github.com/openresty/luajit2/pull/236

Co-authored-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt@canonical.com>
---
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ FILES_JITLIB= bc.lua bcsave.lua dump.lua
 	      dis_arm64be.lua dis_ppc.lua dis_mips.lua dis_mipsel.lua \
 	      dis_mips64.lua dis_mips64el.lua \
 	      dis_mips64r6.lua dis_mips64r6el.lua \
+	      dis_riscv.lua dis_riscv64.lua \
 	      vmdef.lua
 
 ifeq (,$(findstring Windows,$(OS)))
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dynasm/dasm_riscv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+/*
+** DynASM RISC-V encoding engine.
+** Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
+** Released under the MIT license. See dynasm.lua for full copyright notice.
+**
+** Contributed by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define DASM_ARCH		"riscv"
+
+#ifndef DASM_EXTERN
+#define DASM_EXTERN(a,b,c,d)	0
+#endif
+
+/* Action definitions. */
+enum {
+  DASM_STOP, DASM_SECTION, DASM_ESC, DASM_REL_EXT,
+  /* The following actions need a buffer position. */
+  DASM_ALIGN, DASM_REL_LG, DASM_LABEL_LG,
+  /* The following actions also have an argument. */
+  DASM_REL_PC, DASM_LABEL_PC, DASM_IMM, DASM_IMMS,
+  DASM__MAX
+};
+
+/* Maximum number of section buffer positions for a single dasm_put() call. */
+#define DASM_MAXSECPOS		25
+
+/* DynASM encoder status codes. Action list offset or number are or'ed in. */
+#define DASM_S_OK		0x00000000
+#define DASM_S_NOMEM		0x01000000
+#define DASM_S_PHASE		0x02000000
+#define DASM_S_MATCH_SEC	0x03000000
+#define DASM_S_RANGE_I		0x11000000
+#define DASM_S_RANGE_SEC	0x12000000
+#define DASM_S_RANGE_LG		0x13000000
+#define DASM_S_RANGE_PC		0x14000000
+#define DASM_S_RANGE_REL	0x15000000
+#define DASM_S_UNDEF_LG		0x21000000
+#define DASM_S_UNDEF_PC		0x22000000
+
+/* Macros to convert positions (8 bit section + 24 bit index). */
+#define DASM_POS2IDX(pos)	((pos)&0x00ffffff)
+#define DASM_POS2BIAS(pos)	((pos)&0xff000000)
+#define DASM_SEC2POS(sec)	((sec)<<24)
+#define DASM_POS2SEC(pos)	((pos)>>24)
+#define DASM_POS2PTR(D, pos)	(D->sections[DASM_POS2SEC(pos)].rbuf + (pos))
+
+/* Action list type. */
+typedef const unsigned int *dasm_ActList;
+
+/* Per-section structure. */
+typedef struct dasm_Section {
+  int *rbuf;		/* Biased buffer pointer (negative section bias). */
+  int *buf;		/* True buffer pointer. */
+  size_t bsize;		/* Buffer size in bytes. */
+  int pos;		/* Biased buffer position. */
+  int epos;		/* End of biased buffer position - max single put. */
+  int ofs;		/* Byte offset into section. */
+} dasm_Section;
+
+/* Core structure holding the DynASM encoding state. */
+struct dasm_State {
+  size_t psize;			/* Allocated size of this structure. */
+  dasm_ActList actionlist;	/* Current actionlist pointer. */
+  int *lglabels;		/* Local/global chain/pos ptrs. */
+  size_t lgsize;
+  int *pclabels;		/* PC label chains/pos ptrs. */
+  size_t pcsize;
+  void **globals;		/* Array of globals. */
+  dasm_Section *section;	/* Pointer to active section. */
+  size_t codesize;		/* Total size of all code sections. */
+  int maxsection;		/* 0 <= sectionidx < maxsection. */
+  int status;			/* Status code. */
+  dasm_Section sections[1];	/* All sections. Alloc-extended. */
+};
+
+/* The size of the core structure depends on the max. number of sections. */
+#define DASM_PSZ(ms)	(sizeof(dasm_State)+(ms-1)*sizeof(dasm_Section))
+
+
+/* Initialize DynASM state. */
+void dasm_init(Dst_DECL, int maxsection)
+{
+  dasm_State *D;
+  size_t psz = 0;
+  Dst_REF = NULL;
+  DASM_M_GROW(Dst, struct dasm_State, Dst_REF, psz, DASM_PSZ(maxsection));
+  D = Dst_REF;
+  D->psize = psz;
+  D->lglabels = NULL;
+  D->lgsize = 0;
+  D->pclabels = NULL;
+  D->pcsize = 0;
+  D->globals = NULL;
+  D->maxsection = maxsection;
+  memset((void *)D->sections, 0, maxsection * sizeof(dasm_Section));
+}
+
+/* Free DynASM state. */
+void dasm_free(Dst_DECL)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < D->maxsection; i++)
+    if (D->sections[i].buf)
+      DASM_M_FREE(Dst, D->sections[i].buf, D->sections[i].bsize);
+  if (D->pclabels) DASM_M_FREE(Dst, D->pclabels, D->pcsize);
+  if (D->lglabels) DASM_M_FREE(Dst, D->lglabels, D->lgsize);
+  DASM_M_FREE(Dst, D, D->psize);
+}
+
+/* Setup global label array. Must be called before dasm_setup(). */
+void dasm_setupglobal(Dst_DECL, void **gl, unsigned int maxgl)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  D->globals = gl;
+  DASM_M_GROW(Dst, int, D->lglabels, D->lgsize, (10+maxgl)*sizeof(int));
+}
+
+/* Grow PC label array. Can be called after dasm_setup(), too. */
+void dasm_growpc(Dst_DECL, unsigned int maxpc)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  size_t osz = D->pcsize;
+  DASM_M_GROW(Dst, int, D->pclabels, D->pcsize, maxpc*sizeof(int));
+  memset((void *)(((unsigned char *)D->pclabels)+osz), 0, D->pcsize-osz);
+}
+
+/* Setup encoder. */
+void dasm_setup(Dst_DECL, const void *actionlist)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  int i;
+  D->actionlist = (dasm_ActList)actionlist;
+  D->status = DASM_S_OK;
+  D->section = &D->sections[0];
+  memset((void *)D->lglabels, 0, D->lgsize);
+  if (D->pclabels) memset((void *)D->pclabels, 0, D->pcsize);
+  for (i = 0; i < D->maxsection; i++) {
+    D->sections[i].pos = DASM_SEC2POS(i);
+    D->sections[i].rbuf = D->sections[i].buf - D->sections[i].pos;
+    D->sections[i].ofs = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+#define CK(x, st) \
+  do { if (!(x)) { \
+    D->status = DASM_S_##st|(int)(p-D->actionlist-1); return; } } while (0)
+#define CKPL(kind, st) \
+  do { if ((size_t)((char *)pl-(char *)D->kind##labels) >= D->kind##size) { \
+    D->status = DASM_S_RANGE_##st|(int)(p-D->actionlist-1); return; } } while (0)
+#else
+#define CK(x, st)	((void)0)
+#define CKPL(kind, st)	((void)0)
+#endif
+
+static int dasm_imms(int n)
+{
+  return (n >= -2048 && n < 2048) ? n : 4096;
+}
+/* Pass 1: Store actions and args, link branches/labels, estimate offsets. */
+void dasm_put(Dst_DECL, int start, ...)
+{
+  va_list ap;
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  dasm_ActList p = D->actionlist + start;
+  dasm_Section *sec = D->section;
+  int pos = sec->pos, ofs = sec->ofs;
+  int *b;
+
+  if (pos >= sec->epos) {
+    DASM_M_GROW(Dst, int, sec->buf, sec->bsize,
+      sec->bsize + 2*DASM_MAXSECPOS*sizeof(int));
+    sec->rbuf = sec->buf - DASM_POS2BIAS(pos);
+    sec->epos = (int)sec->bsize/sizeof(int) - DASM_MAXSECPOS+DASM_POS2BIAS(pos);
+  }
+
+  b = sec->rbuf;
+  b[pos++] = start;
+
+  va_start(ap, start);
+  while (1) {
+    unsigned int ins = *p++;
+    unsigned int action = (ins >> 20);
+    if (action >= DASM__MAX || (ins & 0xf)) {
+      ofs += 4;
+    } else {
+      ins >>= 4;
+      int *pl, n = action >= DASM_REL_PC ? va_arg(ap, int) : 0;
+      switch (action) {
+      case DASM_STOP: goto stop;
+      case DASM_SECTION:
+	n = (ins & 255); CK(n < D->maxsection, RANGE_SEC);
+	D->section = &D->sections[n]; goto stop;
+      case DASM_ESC: p++; ofs += 4; break;
+      case DASM_REL_EXT: break;
+      case DASM_ALIGN: ofs += (ins & 255); b[pos++] = ofs; break;
+      case DASM_REL_LG:
+	n = (ins & 2047) - 10; pl = D->lglabels + n;
+	/* Bkwd rel or global. */
+	if (n >= 0) { CK(n>=10||*pl<0, RANGE_LG); CKPL(lg, LG); goto putrel; }
+	pl += 10; n = *pl;
+	if (n < 0) n = 0;  /* Start new chain for fwd rel if label exists. */
+	goto linkrel;
+      case DASM_REL_PC:
+	pl = D->pclabels + n; CKPL(pc, PC);
+      putrel:
+	n = *pl;
+	if (n < 0) {  /* Label exists. Get label pos and store it. */
+	  b[pos] = -n;
+	} else {
+      linkrel:
+	  b[pos] = n;  /* Else link to rel chain, anchored at label. */
+	  *pl = pos;
+	}
+	pos++;
+	break;
+      case DASM_LABEL_LG:
+	pl = D->lglabels + (ins & 2047) - 10; CKPL(lg, LG); goto putlabel;
+      case DASM_LABEL_PC:
+	pl = D->pclabels + n; CKPL(pc, PC);
+      putlabel:
+	n = *pl;  /* n > 0: Collapse rel chain and replace with label pos. */
+	while (n > 0) { int *pb = DASM_POS2PTR(D, n); n = *pb; *pb = pos;
+  }
+	*pl = -pos;  /* Label exists now. */
+	b[pos++] = ofs;  /* Store pass1 offset estimate. */
+	break;
+      case DASM_IMM:
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+	CK((n & ((1<<((ins>>10)&31))-1)) == 0, RANGE_I);
+#endif
+	n >>= ((ins>>10)&31);
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+	if (ins & 0x8000)
+	  CK(((n + (1<<(((ins>>5)&31)-1)))>>((ins>>5)&31)) == 0, RANGE_I);
+	else
+	  CK((n>>((ins>>5)&31)) == 0, RANGE_I);
+#endif
+	b[pos++] = n;
+	break;
+      case DASM_IMMS:
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+        CK(dasm_imms(n) != 4096, RANGE_I);
+#endif
+	      b[pos++] = n;
+	      break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+stop:
+  va_end(ap);
+  sec->pos = pos;
+  sec->ofs = ofs;
+}
+#undef CK
+
+/* Pass 2: Link sections, shrink aligns, fix label offsets. */
+int dasm_link(Dst_DECL, size_t *szp)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  int secnum;
+  int ofs = 0;
+
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+  *szp = 0;
+  if (D->status != DASM_S_OK) return D->status;
+  {
+    int pc;
+    for (pc = 0; pc*sizeof(int) < D->pcsize; pc++)
+      if (D->pclabels[pc] > 0) return DASM_S_UNDEF_PC|pc;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  { /* Handle globals not defined in this translation unit. */
+    int idx;
+    for (idx = 10; idx*sizeof(int) < D->lgsize; idx++) {
+      int n = D->lglabels[idx];
+      /* Undefined label: Collapse rel chain and replace with marker (< 0). */
+      while (n > 0) { int *pb = DASM_POS2PTR(D, n); n = *pb; *pb = -idx; }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Combine all code sections. No support for data sections (yet). */
+  for (secnum = 0; secnum < D->maxsection; secnum++) {
+    dasm_Section *sec = D->sections + secnum;
+    int *b = sec->rbuf;
+    int pos = DASM_SEC2POS(secnum);
+    int lastpos = sec->pos;
+
+    while (pos != lastpos) {
+      dasm_ActList p = D->actionlist + b[pos++];
+      while (1) {
+	  unsigned int ins = *p++;
+	  unsigned int action = (ins >> 20);
+	  if (ins & 0xf) continue; else ins >>= 4;
+	  switch (action) {
+	  case DASM_STOP: case DASM_SECTION: goto stop;
+	  case DASM_ESC: p++; break;
+	  case DASM_REL_EXT: break;
+	  case DASM_ALIGN: ofs -= (b[pos++] + ofs) & (ins & 255); break;
+	  case DASM_REL_LG: case DASM_REL_PC: pos++; break;
+	  case DASM_LABEL_LG: case DASM_LABEL_PC: b[pos++] += ofs; break;
+	  case DASM_IMM: case DASM_IMMS: pos++; break;
+	  }
+      }
+      stop: (void)0;
+    }
+    ofs += sec->ofs;  /* Next section starts right after current section. */
+  }
+
+  D->codesize = ofs;  /* Total size of all code sections */
+  *szp = ofs;
+  return DASM_S_OK;
+}
+
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+#define CK(x, st) \
+  do { if (!(x)) return DASM_S_##st|(int)(p-D->actionlist-1); } while (0)
+#else
+#define CK(x, st)	((void)0)
+#endif
+
+/* Pass 3: Encode sections. */
+int dasm_encode(Dst_DECL, void *buffer)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  char *base = (char *)buffer;
+  unsigned int *cp = (unsigned int *)buffer;
+  int secnum;
+
+  /* Encode all code sections. No support for data sections (yet). */
+  for (secnum = 0; secnum < D->maxsection; secnum++) {
+    dasm_Section *sec = D->sections + secnum;
+    int *b = sec->buf;
+    int *endb = sec->rbuf + sec->pos;
+
+    while (b != endb) {
+      dasm_ActList p = D->actionlist + *b++;
+      while (1) {
+	unsigned int ins = *p++;
+	if (ins & 0xf) { *cp++ = ins; continue; }
+	unsigned int action = (ins >> 20);
+	unsigned int val = (ins >> 4);
+	int n = (action >= DASM_ALIGN && action < DASM__MAX) ? *b++ : 0;
+	switch (action) {
+	case DASM_STOP: case DASM_SECTION: goto stop;
+	case DASM_ESC: *cp++ = *p++; break;
+	case DASM_REL_EXT:
+	  n = DASM_EXTERN(Dst, (unsigned char *)cp, (val & 2047), 1);
+	  goto patchrel;
+	case DASM_ALIGN:
+	  val &= 255; while ((((char *)cp - base) & val)) *cp++ = 0x60000000;
+	  break;
+	case DASM_REL_LG:
+	  if (n < 0) {
+	    n = (int)((ptrdiff_t)D->globals[-n-10] - (ptrdiff_t)cp + 4);
+	    goto patchrel;
+	  }
+	  /* fallthrough */
+	case DASM_REL_PC:
+	  CK(n >= 0, UNDEF_PC);
+	  n = *DASM_POS2PTR(D, n) - (int)((char *)cp - base) + 4;
+	patchrel:
+	  if (val & 2048) { /* B */
+	    CK((n & 1) == 0 && ((n + 0x1000) >> 13) == 0, RANGE_REL);
+	    cp[-1] |= ((n << 19) & 0x80000000) | ((n << 20) & 0x7e000000)
+	           |  ((n << 7)  & 0x00000f00) | ((n >> 4)  & 0x00000080);
+	  } else { /* J */
+	    CK((n & 1) == 0 && ((n+0x00100000) >> 21) == 0, RANGE_REL);
+	    cp[-1] |= ((n << 11) & 0x80000000) | ((n << 20) & 0x7fe00000)
+	           |  ((n << 9)  & 0x00100000) | (n & 0x000ff000);
+	  }
+	  break;
+	case DASM_LABEL_LG:
+	  val &= 2047; if (val >= 20) D->globals[val-20] = (void *)(base + n);
+	  break;
+	case DASM_LABEL_PC: break;
+	case DASM_IMM:
+	  cp[-1] |= (n & ((1<<((val>>5)&31))-1)) << (val&31);
+	  break;
+	case DASM_IMMS:
+	  cp[-1] |= (((n << 20) & 0xfe000000) | ((n << 7) & 0x00000f80));
+	  break;
+	default: *cp++ = ins; break;
+	}
+      }
+      stop: (void)0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (base + D->codesize != (char *)cp)  /* Check for phase errors. */
+    return DASM_S_PHASE;
+  return DASM_S_OK;
+}
+#undef CK
+
+/* Get PC label offset. */
+int dasm_getpclabel(Dst_DECL, unsigned int pc)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  if (pc*sizeof(int) < D->pcsize) {
+    int pos = D->pclabels[pc];
+    if (pos < 0) return *DASM_POS2PTR(D, -pos);
+    if (pos > 0) return -1;  /* Undefined. */
+  }
+  return -2;  /* Unused or out of range. */
+}
+
+#ifdef DASM_CHECKS
+/* Optional sanity checker to call between isolated encoding steps. */
+int dasm_checkstep(Dst_DECL, int secmatch)
+{
+  dasm_State *D = Dst_REF;
+  if (D->status == DASM_S_OK) {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
+      if (D->lglabels[i] > 0) { D->status = DASM_S_UNDEF_LG|i; break; }
+      D->lglabels[i] = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  if (D->status == DASM_S_OK && secmatch >= 0 &&
+      D->section != &D->sections[secmatch])
+    D->status = DASM_S_MATCH_SEC|(int)(D->section-D->sections);
+  return D->status;
+}
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dynasm/dasm_riscv.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- DynASM RISC-V module.
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
+-- See dynasm.lua for full copyright notice.
+--
+-- Contributed by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local riscv32 = riscv32
+local riscv64 = riscv64
+
+-- Module information:
+local _info = {
+  arch =	riscv32 and "riscv32" or riscv64 and "riscv64",
+  description =	"DynASM RISC-V module",
+  version =	"1.5.0",
+  vernum =	 10500,
+  release =	"2022-07-12",
+  author =	"Mike Pall",
+  license =	"MIT",
+}
+
+-- Exported glue functions for the arch-specific module.
+local _M = { _info = _info }
+
+-- Cache library functions.
+local type, tonumber, pairs, ipairs = type, tonumber, pairs, ipairs
+local assert, setmetatable = assert, setmetatable
+local _s = string
+local sub, format, byte, char = _s.sub, _s.format, _s.byte, _s.char
+local match, gmatch = _s.match, _s.gmatch
+local concat, sort = table.concat, table.sort
+local bit = bit or require("bit")
+local band, shl, shr, sar = bit.band, bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift
+local tohex = bit.tohex
+
+local function __orderedIndexGen(t)
+    local orderedIndex = {}
+    for key in pairs(t) do
+        table.insert(orderedIndex, key)
+    end
+    table.sort( orderedIndex )
+    return orderedIndex
+end
+
+local function __orderedNext(t, state)
+    local key = nil
+    if state == nil then
+        t.__orderedIndex = __orderedIndexGen(t)
+        key = t.__orderedIndex[1]
+    else
+        local j = 0
+        for _,_ in pairs(t.__orderedIndex) do j = j + 1 end
+        for i = 1, j do
+            if t.__orderedIndex[i] == state then
+                key = t.__orderedIndex[i+1]
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    if key then
+        return key, t[key]
+    end
+
+    t.__orderedIndex = nil
+    return
+end
+
+local function opairs(t)
+    return __orderedNext, t, nil
+end
+
+-- Inherited tables and callbacks.
+local g_opt, g_arch
+local wline, werror, wfatal, wwarn
+
+-- Action name list.
+-- CHECK: Keep this in sync with the C code!
+local action_names = {
+  "STOP", "SECTION", "ESC", "REL_EXT",
+  "ALIGN", "REL_LG", "LABEL_LG",
+  "REL_PC", "LABEL_PC", "IMM", "IMMS",
+}
+
+-- Maximum number of section buffer positions for dasm_put().
+-- CHECK: Keep this in sync with the C code!
+local maxsecpos = 25 -- Keep this low, to avoid excessively long C lines.
+
+-- Action name -> action number.
+local map_action = {}
+for n,name in ipairs(action_names) do
+  map_action[name] = n-1
+end
+
+-- Action list buffer.
+local actlist = {}
+
+-- Argument list for next dasm_put(). Start with offset 0 into action list.
+local actargs = { 0 }
+
+-- Current number of section buffer positions for dasm_put().
+local secpos = 1
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Dump action names and numbers.
+local function dumpactions(out)
+  out:write("DynASM encoding engine action codes:\n")
+  for n,name in ipairs(action_names) do
+    local num = map_action[name]
+    out:write(format("  %-10s %02X  %d\n", name, num, num))
+  end
+  out:write("\n")
+end
+
+-- Write action list buffer as a huge static C array.
+local function writeactions(out, name)
+  local nn = #actlist
+  if nn == 0 then nn = 1; actlist[0] = map_action.STOP end
+  out:write("static const unsigned int ", name, "[", nn, "] = {\n")
+  for i = 1,nn-1 do
+    assert(out:write("0x", tohex(actlist[i]), ",\n"))
+  end
+  assert(out:write("0x", tohex(actlist[nn]), "\n};\n\n"))
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Add word to action list.
+local function wputxw(n)
+  assert(n >= 0 and n <= 0xffffffff and n % 1 == 0, "word out of range")
+  actlist[#actlist+1] = n
+end
+
+-- Add action to list with optional arg. Advance buffer pos, too.
+local function waction(action, val, a, num)
+  local w = assert(map_action[action], "bad action name `"..action.."'")
+  wputxw(w * 0x100000 + (val or 0) * 16)
+  if a then actargs[#actargs+1] = a end
+  if a or num then secpos = secpos + (num or 1) end
+end
+
+-- Flush action list (intervening C code or buffer pos overflow).
+local function wflush(term)
+  if #actlist == actargs[1] then return end -- Nothing to flush.
+  if not term then waction("STOP") end -- Terminate action list.
+  wline(format("dasm_put(Dst, %s);", concat(actargs, ", ")), true)
+  actargs = { #actlist } -- Actionlist offset is 1st arg to next dasm_put().
+  secpos = 1 -- The actionlist offset occupies a buffer position, too.
+end
+
+-- Put escaped word.
+local function wputw(n)
+  if band(n, 0xf) == 0 then waction("ESC") end
+  wputxw(n)
+end
+
+-- Reserve position for word.
+local function wpos()
+  local pos = #actlist+1
+  actlist[pos] = ""
+  return pos
+end
+
+-- Store word to reserved position.
+local function wputpos(pos, n)
+  assert(n >= -0x80000000 and n <= 0xffffffff and n % 1 == 0, "word out of range")
+  actlist[pos] = n
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Global label name -> global label number. With auto assignment on 1st use.
+local next_global = 20
+local map_global = setmetatable({}, { __index = function(t, name)
+  if not match(name, "^[%a_][%w_]*$") then werror("bad global label") end
+  local n = next_global
+  if n > 2047 then werror("too many global labels") end
+  next_global = n + 1
+  t[name] = n
+  return n
+end})
+
+-- Dump global labels.
+local function dumpglobals(out, lvl)
+  local t = {}
+  for name, n in pairs(map_global) do t[n] = name end
+  out:write("Global labels:\n")
+  for i=20,next_global-1 do
+    out:write(format("  %s\n", t[i]))
+  end
+  out:write("\n")
+end
+
+-- Write global label enum.
+local function writeglobals(out, prefix)
+  local t = {}
+  for name, n in pairs(map_global) do t[n] = name end
+  out:write("enum {\n")
+  for i=20,next_global-1 do
+    out:write("  ", prefix, t[i], ",\n")
+  end
+  out:write("  ", prefix, "_MAX\n};\n")
+end
+
+-- Write global label names.
+local function writeglobalnames(out, name)
+  local t = {}
+  for name, n in pairs(map_global) do t[n] = name end
+  out:write("static const char *const ", name, "[] = {\n")
+  for i=20,next_global-1 do
+    out:write("  \"", t[i], "\",\n")
+  end
+  out:write("  (const char *)0\n};\n")
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Extern label name -> extern label number. With auto assignment on 1st use.
+local next_extern = 0
+local map_extern_ = {}
+local map_extern = setmetatable({}, { __index = function(t, name)
+  -- No restrictions on the name for now.
+  local n = next_extern
+  if n > 2047 then werror("too many extern labels") end
+  next_extern = n + 1
+  t[name] = n
+  map_extern_[n] = name
+  return n
+end})
+
+-- Dump extern labels.
+local function dumpexterns(out, lvl)
+  out:write("Extern labels:\n")
+  for i=0,next_extern-1 do
+    out:write(format("  %s\n", map_extern_[i]))
+  end
+  out:write("\n")
+end
+
+-- Write extern label names.
+local function writeexternnames(out, name)
+  out:write("static const char *const ", name, "[] = {\n")
+  for i=0,next_extern-1 do
+    out:write("  \"", map_extern_[i], "\",\n")
+  end
+  out:write("  (const char *)0\n};\n")
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Arch-specific maps.
+local map_archdef = {
+  ra = "x1", sp = "x2",
+} -- Ext. register name -> int. name.
+
+local map_type = {}		-- Type name -> { ctype, reg }
+local ctypenum = 0		-- Type number (for Dt... macros).
+
+-- Reverse defines for registers.
+function _M.revdef(s)
+  if s == "x1" then return "ra"
+  elseif s == "x2" then return "sp" end
+  return s
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Template strings for RISC-V instructions.
+local map_op = {}
+
+local map_op_rv32imafd = {
+
+  -- RV32I
+  lui_2 = "00000037DU",
+  auipc_2 = "00000017DA",
+
+  jal_2  = "0000006fDJ",
+  jalr_3 = "00000067DRJ",
+  -- pseudo-instrs
+  j_1 = "0000006fJ",
+  jal_1 = "000000efJ",
+  jr_1 = "00000067R",
+  jalr_1 = "000000e7R",
+  jalr_2 = "000000e7RJ",
+
+  beq_3  = "00000063RrB",
+  bne_3  = "00001063RrB",
+  blt_3  = "00004063RrB",
+  bge_3  = "00005063RrB",
+  bltu_3 = "00006063RrB",
+  bgeu_3 = "00007063RrB",
+  -- pseudo-instrs
+  bnez_2 = "00001063RB",
+  beqz_2 = "00000063RB",
+  blez_2 = "00005063rB",
+  bgez_2 = "00005063RB",
+  bltz_2 = "00004063RB",
+  bgtz_2 = "00004063rB",
+  bgt_3 = "00004063rRB",
+  ble_3 = "00005063rRB",
+  bgtu_3 = "00006063rRB",
+  bleu_3 = "00007063rRB",
+
+  lb_2  = "00000003DL",
+  lh_2  = "00001003DL",
+  lw_2  = "00002003DL",
+  lbu_2 = "00004003DL",
+  lhu_2 = "00005003DL",
+
+  sb_2 = "00000023rS",
+  sh_2 = "00001023rS",
+  sw_2 = "00002023rS",
+
+  addi_3  = "00000013DRI",
+  slti_3  = "00002013DRI",
+  sltiu_3 = "00003013DRI",
+  xori_3 = "00004013DRI",
+  ori_3 = "00006013DRI",
+  andi_3 = "00007013DRI",
+  slli_3 = "00001013DRi",
+  srli_3 = "00005013DRi",
+  srai_3 = "40005013DRi",
+  -- pseudo-instrs
+  seqz_2 = "00103013DR",
+  ["zext.b_2"] = "0ff07013DR",
+
+  add_3 = "00000033DRr",
+  sub_3 = "40000033DRr",
+  sll_3 = "00001033DRr",
+  slt_3 = "00002033DRr",
+  sltu_3 = "00003033DRr",
+  xor_3 = "00004033DRr",
+  srl_3 = "00005033DRr",
+  sra_3 = "40005033DRr",
+  or_3 = "00006033DRr",
+  and_3 = "00007033DRr",
+  -- pseudo-instrs
+  snez_2 = "00003033Dr",
+  sltz_2 = "00002033DR",
+  sgtz_2 = "00002033Dr",
+
+  ecall_0 = "00000073",
+  ebreak_0 = "00100073",
+
+  nop_0 = "00000013",
+  li_2 = "00000013DI",
+  mv_2 = "00000013DR",
+  not_2 = "fff04013DR",
+  neg_2 = "40000033Dr",
+  ret_0 = "00008067",
+
+  -- RV32M
+  mul_3    = "02000033DRr",
+  mulh_3   = "02001033DRr",
+  mulhsu_3 = "02002033DRr",
+  mulhu_3  = "02003033DRr",
+  div_3  = "02004033DRr",
+  divu_3 = "02005033DRr",
+  rem_3  = "02006033DRr",
+  remu_3 = "02007033DRr",
+
+  -- RV32A
+  ["lr.w_2"] = "c0000053FR",
+  ["sc.w_2"] = "c0001053FRr",
+  ["amoswap.w_3"] = "c0002053FRr",
+  ["amoadd.w_3"] = "c0003053FRr",
+  ["amoxor.w_3"] = "c0004053FRr",
+  ["amoor.w_3"] = "c0005053FRr",
+  ["amoand.w_3"] = "c0006053FRr",
+  ["amomin.w_3"] = "c0007053FRr",
+  ["amomax.w_3"] = "c0008053FRr",
+  ["amominu.w_3"] = "c0009053FRr",
+  ["amomaxu.w_3"] = "c000a053FRr",
+
+  -- RV32F
+  ["flw_2"] = "00002007FL",
+  ["fsw_2"] = "00002027gS",
+
+  ["fmadd.s_4"]  = "00000043FGgH",
+  ["fmsub.s_4"]  = "00000047FGgH",
+  ["fnmsub.s_4"] = "0000004bFGgH",
+  ["fnmadd.s_4"] = "0000004fFGgH",
+  ["fmadd.s_5"]  = "00000043FGgHM",
+  ["fmsub.s_5"]  = "00000047FGgHM",
+  ["fnmsub.s_5"] = "0000004bFGgHM",
+  ["fnmadd.s_5"] = "0000004fFGgHM",
+
+  ["fadd.s_3"]  = "00000053FGg",
+  ["fsub.s_3"]  = "08000053FGg",
+  ["fmul.s_3"]  = "10000053FGg",
+  ["fdiv.s_3"]  = "18000053FGg",
+  ["fsqrt.s_2"] = "58000053FG",
+  ["fadd.s_4"]  = "00000053FGgM",
+  ["fsub.s_4"]  = "08000053FGgM",
+  ["fmul.s_4"]  = "10000053FGgM",
+  ["fdiv.s_4"]  = "18000053FGgM",
+  ["fsqrt.s_3"] = "58000053FGM",
+
+  ["fsgnj.s_3"]  = "20000053FGg",
+  ["fsgnjn.s_3"] = "20001053FGg",
+  ["fsgnjx.s_3"] = "20002053FGg",
+
+  ["fmin.s_3"] = "28000053FGg",
+  ["fmax.s_3"] = "28001053FGg",
+
+  ["fcvt.w.s_2"]  = "c0000053DG",
+  ["fcvt.wu.s_2"] = "c0100053DG",
+  ["fcvt.w.s_3"]  = "c0000053DGM",
+  ["fcvt.wu.s_3"] = "c0100053DGM",
+  ["fmv.x.w_2"] = "e0000053DG",
+
+  ["feq.s_3"] = "a0002053DGg",
+  ["flt.s_3"] = "a0001053DGg",
+  ["fle.s_3"] = "a0000053DGg",
+
+  ["fclass.s_2"] = "e0001053DG",
+
+  ["fcvt.s.w_2"]  = "d0000053FR",
+  ["fcvt.s.wu_2"] = "d0100053FR",
+  ["fcvt.s.w_3"]  = "d0000053FRM",
+  ["fcvt.s.wu_3"] = "d0100053FRM",
+  ["fmv.w.x_2"] = "f0000053FR",
+
+  -- RV32D
+  ["fld_2"] = "00003007FL",
+  ["fsd_2"] = "00003027gS",
+  
+  ["fmadd.d_4"]  = "02000043FGgH",
+  ["fmsub.d_4"]  = "02000047FGgH",
+  ["fnmsub.d_4"] = "0200004bFGgH",
+  ["fnmadd.d_4"] = "0200004fFGgH",
+  ["fmadd.d_5"]  = "02000043FGgHM",
+  ["fmsub.d_5"]  = "02000047FGgHM",
+  ["fnmsub.d_5"] = "0200004bFGgHM",
+  ["fnmadd.d_5"] = "0200004fFGgHM",
+
+  ["fadd.d_3"]  = "02000053FGg",
+  ["fsub.d_3"]  = "0a000053FGg",
+  ["fmul.d_3"]  = "12000053FGg",
+  ["fdiv.d_3"]  = "1a000053FGg",
+  ["fsqrt.d_2"] = "5a000053FG",
+  ["fadd.d_4"]  = "02000053FGgM",
+  ["fsub.d_4"]  = "0a000053FGgM",
+  ["fmul.d_4"]  = "12000053FGgM",
+  ["fdiv.d_4"]  = "1a000053FGgM",
+  ["fsqrt.d_3"] = "5a000053FGM",
+
+  ["fsgnj.d_3"]  = "22000053FGg",
+  ["fsgnjn.d_3"] = "22001053FGg",
+  ["fsgnjx.d_3"] = "22002053FGg",
+  ["fmin.d_3"] = "2a000053FGg",
+  ["fmax.d_3"] = "2a001053FGg",
+  ["fcvt.s.d_2"] = "40100053FG",
+  ["fcvt.d.s_2"] = "42000053FG",
+  ["feq.d_3"] = "a2002053DGg",
+  ["flt.d_3"] = "a2001053DGg",
+  ["fle.d_3"] = "a2000053DGg",
+  ["fclass.d_2"] = "e2001053DG",
+  ["fcvt.w.d_2"]  = "c2000053DG",
+  ["fcvt.wu.d_2"] = "c2100053DG",
+  ["fcvt.d.w_2"]  = "d2000053FR",
+  ["fcvt.d.wu_2"] = "d2100053FR",
+  ["fcvt.w.d_3"]  = "c2000053DGM",
+  ["fcvt.wu.d_3"] = "c2100053DGM",
+  ["fcvt.d.w_3"]  = "d2000053FRM",
+  ["fcvt.d.wu_3"] = "d2100053FRM",
+
+  ["fmv.d_2"] = "22000053FY",
+  ["fneg.d_2"] = "22001053FY",
+  ["fabs.d_2"] = "22002053FY",
+
+}
+
+local map_op_rv64imafd = {
+
+  -- RV64I
+  lwu_2 = "00006003DL",
+  ld_2  = "00003003DL",
+
+  sd_2 = "00003023rS",
+
+  slli_3 = "00001013DRj",
+  srli_3 = "00005013DRj",
+  srai_3 = "40005013DRj",
+
+  addiw_3 = "0000001bDRI",
+  slliw_3 = "0000101bDRi",
+  srliw_3 = "0000501bDRi",
+  sraiw_3 = "4000501bDRi",
+
+  addw_3 = "0000003bDRr",
+  subw_3 = "4000003bDRr",
+  sllw_3 = "0000103bDRr",
+  srlw_3 = "0000503bDRr",
+  sraw_3 = "4000503bDRr",
+
+  negw_2 = "4000003bDr",
+  ["sext.w_2"] = "0000001bDR",
+
+  -- RV64M
+  mulw_3  = "0200003bDRr",
+  divw_3  = "0200403bDRr",
+  divuw_3 = "0200503bDRr",
+  remw_3  = "0200603bDRr",
+  remuw_3 = "0200703bDRr",
+
+  -- RV64A
+  ["lr.d_2"] = "c2000053FR",
+  ["sc.d_2"] = "c2001053FRr",
+  ["amoswap.d_3"] = "c2002053FRr",
+  ["amoadd.d_3"] = "c2003053FRr",
+  ["amoxor.d_3"] = "c2004053FRr",
+  ["amoor.d_3"] = "c2005053FRr",
+  ["amoand.d_3"] = "c2006053FRr",
+  ["amomin.d_3"] = "c2007053FRr",
+  ["amomax.d_3"] = "c2008053FRr",
+  ["amominu.d_3"] = "c2009053FRr",
+  ["amomaxu.d_3"] = "c200a053FRr",
+
+  -- RV64F
+  ["fcvt.l.s_2"]  = "c0200053DG",
+  ["fcvt.lu.s_2"] = "c0300053DG",
+  ["fcvt.l.s_3"]  = "c0200053DGM",
+  ["fcvt.lu.s_3"] = "c0300053DGM",
+  ["fcvt.s.l_2"]  = "d0200053FR",
+  ["fcvt.s.lu_2"] = "d0300053FR",
+  ["fcvt.s.l_3"]  = "d0200053FRM",
+  ["fcvt.s.lu_3"] = "d0300053FRM",
+
+  -- RV64D
+  ["fcvt.l.d_2"]  = "c2200053DG",
+  ["fcvt.lu.d_2"] = "c2300053DG",
+  ["fcvt.l.d_3"]  = "c2200053DGM",
+  ["fcvt.lu.d_3"] = "c2300053DGM",
+  ["fmv.x.d_2"]   = "e2000053DG",
+  ["fcvt.d.l_2"]  = "d2200053FR",
+  ["fcvt.d.lu_2"] = "d2300053FR",
+  ["fcvt.d.l_3"]  = "d2200053FRM",
+  ["fcvt.d.lu_3"] = "d2300053FRM",
+  ["fmv.d.x_2"]   = "f2000053FR",
+
+}
+
+local map_op_zicsr = {
+  csrrw_3 = "00001073DCR",
+  csrrs_3 = "00002073DCR",
+  csrrc_3 = "00003073DCR",
+  csrrwi_3 = "00005073DCu",
+  csrrsi_3 = "00006073DCu",
+  csrrci_3 = "00007073DCu",
+
+  -- pseudo-ops
+  csrrw_2 = "00001073DC",
+  csrrs_2 = "00002073CR",
+  csrrc_2 = "00003073CR",
+  csrrwi_2 = "00005073Cu",
+  csrrsi_2 = "00006073Cu",
+  csrrci_2 = "00007073Cu",
+
+  rdinstret_1 = "C0202073D",
+  rdcycle_1 = "C0002073D",
+  rdtime_1 = "C0102073D",
+  rdinstreth_1 = "C8202073D",
+  rdcycleh_1 = "C8002073D",
+  rdtimeh_1 = "C8102073D",
+
+  frcsr_1 = "00302073D",
+  fscsr_2 = "00301073DR",
+  fscsr_1 = "00301073R",
+  frrm_1 = "00202073D",
+  fsrm_2 = "00201073DR",
+  fsrm_1 = "00201073R",
+  fsrmi_2 = "00205073Du",
+  fsrmi_1 = "00205073u",
+  frflags_1 = "00102073D",
+  fsflags_2 = "00101073DR",
+  fsflagsi_2 = "00105073Du",
+  fsflagsi_1 = "00105073u",
+}
+
+local map_op_zifencei = {
+  ["fence.i_3"] = "0000100fDRI",
+}
+
+local list_map_op_rv32 = { ['a'] = map_op_rv32imafd, ['b'] = map_op_zifencei, ['c'] = map_op_zicsr }
+local list_map_op_rv64 = { ['a'] = map_op_rv32imafd, ['b'] = map_op_rv64imafd, ['c'] = map_op_zifencei, ['d'] = map_op_zicsr }
+
+if riscv32 then for _, map in opairs(list_map_op_rv32) do
+  for k, v in pairs(map) do map_op[k] = v end
+  end
+end
+if riscv64 then for _, map in opairs(list_map_op_rv64) do
+  for k, v in pairs(map) do map_op[k] = v end
+  end
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function parse_gpr(expr)
+  local tname, ovreg = match(expr, "^([%w_]+):(x[1-3]?[0-9])$")
+  local tp = map_type[tname or expr]
+  if tp then
+    local reg = ovreg or tp.reg
+    if not reg then
+      werror("type `"..(tname or expr).."' needs a register override")
+    end
+    expr = reg
+  end
+  local r = match(expr, "^x([1-3]?[0-9])$")
+  if r then
+    r = tonumber(r)
+    if r <= 31 then return r, tp end
+  end
+  werror("bad register name `"..expr.."'")
+end
+
+local function parse_fpr(expr)
+  local r = match(expr, "^f([1-3]?[0-9])$")
+  if r then
+    r = tonumber(r)
+    if r <= 31 then return r end
+  end
+  werror("bad register name `"..expr.."'")
+end
+
+local function parse_imm(imm, bits, shift, scale, signed, action)
+  local n = tonumber(imm)
+  if n then
+    local m = sar(n, scale)
+    if shl(m, scale) == n then
+      if signed then
+          local s = sar(m, bits-1)
+          if s == 0 then return shl(m, shift)
+          elseif s == -1 then return shl(m + shl(1, bits), shift) end
+      else
+          if sar(m, bits) == 0 then return shl(m, shift) end
+      end
+    end
+    werror("out of range immediate `"..imm.."'")
+  elseif match(imm, "^[xf]([1-3]?[0-9])$") or
+           match(imm, "^([%w_]+):([xf][1-3]?[0-9])$") then
+    werror("expected immediate operand, got register")
+  else
+    waction(action or "IMM",
+        (signed and 32768 or 0)+shl(scale, 10)+shl(bits, 5)+shift, imm)
+    return 0
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_csr(expr)
+  local r = match(expr, "^([1-4]?[0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9])$")
+  if r then
+    r = tonumber(r)
+    if r <= 4095 then return r end
+  end
+  werror("bad register name `"..expr.."'")
+end
+
+local function parse_imms(imm)
+  local n = tonumber(imm)
+  if n then
+    if n >= -2048 and n < 2048 then
+      local imm5, imm7 = band(n, 0x1f), shr(band(n, 0xfe0), 5)
+      return shl(imm5, 7) + shl(imm7, 25)
+    end
+    werror("out of range immediate `"..imm.."'")
+  elseif match(imm, "^[xf]([1-3]?[0-9])$") or
+         match(imm, "^([%w_]+):([xf][1-3]?[0-9])$") then
+    werror("expected immediate operand, got register")
+  else
+    waction("IMMS", 0, imm); return 0
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_rm(mode)
+  local rnd_mode = {
+    rne = 0, rtz = 1, rdn = 2, rup = 3, rmm = 4, dyn = 7
+  }
+  local n = rnd_mode[mode]
+  if n then return n
+  else werror("bad rounding mode `"..mode.."'") end
+end
+
+local function parse_disp(disp, mode)
+  local imm, reg = match(disp, "^(.*)%(([%w_:]+)%)$")
+  if imm then
+    local r = shl(parse_gpr(reg), 15)
+    local extname = match(imm, "^extern%s+(%S+)$")
+    if extname then
+      waction("REL_EXT", map_extern[extname], nil, 1)
+      return r
+    else
+      if mode == "load" then
+        return r + parse_imm(imm, 12, 20, 0, true)
+      elseif mode == "store" then
+        return r + parse_imms(imm)
+      else
+        werror("bad displacement mode '"..mode.."'")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  local reg, tailr = match(disp, "^([%w_:]+)%s*(.*)$")
+  if reg and tailr ~= "" then
+    local r, tp = parse_gpr(reg)
+    if tp then
+      if mode == "load" then
+          waction("IMM", 32768+12*32+20, format(tp.ctypefmt, tailr))
+      elseif mode == "store" then
+          waction("IMMS", 0, format(tp.ctypefmt, tailr))
+      else
+        werror("bad displacement mode '"..mode.."'")
+      end
+      return shl(r, 15)
+    end
+  end
+  werror("bad displacement `"..disp.."'")
+end
+
+local function parse_label(label, def)
+  local prefix = sub(label, 1, 2)
+  -- =>label (pc label reference)
+  if prefix == "=>" then
+    return "PC", 0, sub(label, 3)
+  end
+  -- ->name (global label reference)
+  if prefix == "->" then
+    return "LG", map_global[sub(label, 3)]
+  end
+  if def then
+    -- [1-9] (local label definition)
+    if match(label, "^[1-9]$") then
+      return "LG", 10+tonumber(label)
+    end
+  else
+    -- [<>][1-9] (local label reference)
+    local dir, lnum = match(label, "^([<>])([1-9])$")
+    if dir then -- Fwd: 1-9, Bkwd: 11-19.
+      return "LG", lnum + (dir == ">" and 0 or 10)
+    end
+    -- extern label (extern label reference)
+    local extname = match(label, "^extern%s+(%S+)$")
+    if extname then
+      return "EXT", map_extern[extname]
+    end
+  end
+  werror("bad label `"..label.."'")
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Handle opcodes defined with template strings.
+map_op[".template__"] = function(params, template, nparams)
+  if not params then return sub(template, 9) end
+  local op = tonumber(sub(template, 1, 8), 16)
+  local n = 1
+
+  -- Limit number of section buffer positions used by a single dasm_put().
+  -- A single opcode needs a maximum of 2 positions (ins/ext).
+  if secpos+2 > maxsecpos then wflush() end
+  local pos = wpos()
+
+  -- Process each character.
+  for p in gmatch(sub(template, 9), ".") do
+    if p == "D" then  -- gpr rd
+      op = op + shl(parse_gpr(params[n]), 7); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "R" then  -- gpr rs1
+      op = op + shl(parse_gpr(params[n]), 15); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "r" then  -- gpr rs2
+      op = op + shl(parse_gpr(params[n]), 20); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "F" then  -- fpr rd
+      op = op + shl(parse_fpr(params[n]), 7); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "G" then  -- fpr rs1
+      op = op + shl(parse_fpr(params[n]), 15); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "g" then  -- fpr rs2
+      op = op + shl(parse_fpr(params[n]), 20); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "H" then  -- fpr rs3
+      op = op + shl(parse_fpr(params[n]), 27); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "C" then  -- csr
+      op = op + shl(parse_csr(params[n]), 20); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "M" then  -- fpr rounding mode
+      op = op + shl(parse_rm(params[n]), 12); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "Y" then  -- fpr psuedo-op
+      local r = parse_fpr(params[n])
+      op = op + shl(r, 15) + shl(r, 20); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "I" then  -- I-type imm12
+      op = op + parse_imm(params[n], 12, 20, 0, true); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "i" then  -- I-type shamt5
+      op = op + parse_imm(params[n], 5, 20, 0, false); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "j" then  -- I-type shamt6
+      op = op + parse_imm(params[n], 6, 20, 0, false); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "u" then  -- I-type uimm
+      op = op + parse_imm(params[n], 5, 15, 0, false); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "U" then  -- U-type imm20
+      op = op + parse_imm(params[n], 20, 12, 0, false); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "L" then  -- load
+      op = op + parse_disp(params[n], "load"); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "S" then  -- store
+      op = op + parse_disp(params[n], "store"); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "B" or p == "J" then  -- control flow
+      local mode, m, s = parse_label(params[n], false)
+      if p == "B" then m = m + 2048 end
+      waction("REL_"..mode, m, s, 1); n = n + 1
+    elseif p == "A" then  -- AUIPC
+      local mode, m, s = parse_label(params[n], false)
+      waction("REL_"..mode, m, s, 1); n = n + 1
+    else
+      assert(false)
+    end
+  end
+  wputpos(pos, op)
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Pseudo-opcode to mark the position where the action list is to be emitted.
+map_op[".actionlist_1"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "cvar" end
+  local name = params[1] -- No syntax check. You get to keep the pieces.
+  wline(function(out) writeactions(out, name) end)
+end
+
+-- Pseudo-opcode to mark the position where the global enum is to be emitted.
+map_op[".globals_1"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "prefix" end
+  local prefix = params[1] -- No syntax check. You get to keep the pieces.
+  wline(function(out) writeglobals(out, prefix) end)
+end
+
+-- Pseudo-opcode to mark the position where the global names are to be emitted.
+map_op[".globalnames_1"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "cvar" end
+  local name = params[1] -- No syntax check. You get to keep the pieces.
+  wline(function(out) writeglobalnames(out, name) end)
+end
+
+-- Pseudo-opcode to mark the position where the extern names are to be emitted.
+map_op[".externnames_1"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "cvar" end
+  local name = params[1] -- No syntax check. You get to keep the pieces.
+  wline(function(out) writeexternnames(out, name) end)
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Label pseudo-opcode (converted from trailing colon form).
+map_op[".label_1"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "[1-9] | ->global | =>pcexpr" end
+  if secpos+1 > maxsecpos then wflush() end
+  local mode, n, s = parse_label(params[1], true)
+  if mode == "EXT" then werror("bad label definition") end
+  waction("LABEL_"..mode, n, s, 1)
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Pseudo-opcodes for data storage.
+map_op[".long_*"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "imm..." end
+  for _,p in ipairs(params) do
+    local n = tonumber(p)
+    if not n then werror("bad immediate `"..p.."'") end
+    if n < 0 then n = n + 2^32 end
+    wputw(n)
+    if secpos+2 > maxsecpos then wflush() end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Alignment pseudo-opcode.
+map_op[".align_1"] = function(params)
+  if not params then return "numpow2" end
+  if secpos+1 > maxsecpos then wflush() end
+  local align = tonumber(params[1])
+  if align then
+    local x = align
+    -- Must be a power of 2 in the range (2 ... 256).
+    for i=1,8 do
+      x = x / 2
+      if x == 1 then
+    waction("ALIGN", align-1, nil, 1) -- Action byte is 2**n-1.
+    return
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  werror("bad alignment")
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Pseudo-opcode for (primitive) type definitions (map to C types).
+map_op[".type_3"] = function(params, nparams)
+  if not params then
+    return nparams == 2 and "name, ctype" or "name, ctype, reg"
+  end
+  local name, ctype, reg = params[1], params[2], params[3]
+  if not match(name, "^[%a_][%w_]*$") then
+    werror("bad type name `"..name.."'")
+  end
+  local tp = map_type[name]
+  if tp then
+    werror("duplicate type `"..name.."'")
+  end
+  -- Add #type to defines. A bit unclean to put it in map_archdef.
+  map_archdef["#"..name] = "sizeof("..ctype..")"
+  -- Add new type and emit shortcut define.
+  local num = ctypenum + 1
+  map_type[name] = {
+    ctype = ctype,
+    ctypefmt = format("Dt%X(%%s)", num),
+    reg = reg,
+  }
+  wline(format("#define Dt%X(_V) (int)(ptrdiff_t)&(((%s *)0)_V)", num, ctype))
+  ctypenum = num
+end
+map_op[".type_2"] = map_op[".type_3"]
+
+-- Dump type definitions.
+local function dumptypes(out, lvl)
+  local t = {}
+  for name in pairs(map_type) do t[#t+1] = name end
+  sort(t)
+  out:write("Type definitions:\n")
+  for _,name in ipairs(t) do
+    local tp = map_type[name]
+    local reg = tp.reg or ""
+    out:write(format("  %-20s %-20s %s\n", name, tp.ctype, reg))
+  end
+  out:write("\n")
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Set the current section.
+function _M.section(num)
+  waction("SECTION", num)
+  wflush(true) -- SECTION is a terminal action.
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Dump architecture description.
+function _M.dumparch(out)
+  out:write(format("DynASM %s version %s, released %s\n\n",
+    _info.arch, _info.version, _info.release))
+  dumpactions(out)
+end
+
+-- Dump all user defined elements.
+function _M.dumpdef(out, lvl)
+  dumptypes(out, lvl)
+  dumpglobals(out, lvl)
+  dumpexterns(out, lvl)
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Pass callbacks from/to the DynASM core.
+function _M.passcb(wl, we, wf, ww)
+  wline, werror, wfatal, wwarn = wl, we, wf, ww
+  return wflush
+end
+
+-- Setup the arch-specific module.
+function _M.setup(arch, opt)
+  g_arch, g_opt = arch, opt
+end
+
+-- Merge the core maps and the arch-specific maps.
+function _M.mergemaps(map_coreop, map_def)
+  setmetatable(map_op, { __index = map_coreop })
+  setmetatable(map_def, { __index = map_archdef })
+  return map_op, map_def
+end
+
+return _M
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dynasm/dasm_riscv32.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- DynASM RISC-V 32 module.
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
+-- See dynasm.lua for full copyright notice.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- This module just sets 32 bit mode for the combined RISC-V module.
+-- All the interesting stuff is there.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+riscv32 = true -- Using a global is an ugly, but effective solution.
+return require("dasm_riscv")
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dynasm/dasm_riscv64.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- DynASM RISC-V 64 module.
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
+-- See dynasm.lua for full copyright notice.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- This module just sets 64 bit mode for the combined RISC-V module.
+-- All the interesting stuff is there.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+riscv64 = true -- Using a global is an ugly, but effective solution.
+return require("dasm_riscv")
--- a/src/Makefile
+++ b/src/Makefile
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ CCOPT_arm=
 CCOPT_arm64=
 CCOPT_ppc=
 CCOPT_mips=
+CCOPT_riscv64=
 #
 #CCDEBUG=
 # Uncomment the next line to generate debug information:
@@ -270,6 +271,9 @@ ifneq (,$(findstring LJ_TARGET_MIPS ,$(T
     TARGET_LJARCH= mips
   endif
 else
+ifneq (,$(findstring LJ_TARGET_RISCV64 ,$(TARGET_TESTARCH)))
+    TARGET_LJARCH= riscv64
+else
   $(error Unsupported target architecture)
 endif
 endif
@@ -278,6 +282,7 @@ endif
 endif
 endif
 endif
+endif
 
 ifneq (,$(findstring LJ_TARGET_PS3 1,$(TARGET_TESTARCH)))
   TARGET_SYS= PS3
@@ -495,6 +500,9 @@ ifeq (ppc,$(TARGET_LJARCH))
     DASM_AFLAGS+= -D ELFV2
   endif
 endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring LJ_TARGET_RISCV64 ,$(TARGET_TESTARCH)))
+  DASM_AFLAGS+= -D RISCV64
+endif
 endif
 endif
 
--- a/src/host/buildvm.c
+++ b/src/host/buildvm.c
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ static int collect_reloc(BuildCtx *ctx,
 #include "../dynasm/dasm_mips.h"
 #elif LJ_TARGET_S390X
 #include "../dynasm/dasm_s390x.h"
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#include "../dynasm/dasm_riscv.h"
 #else
 #error "No support for this architecture (yet)"
 #endif
--- a/src/host/buildvm_asm.c
+++ b/src/host/buildvm_asm.c
@@ -208,6 +208,34 @@ static void emit_asm_wordreloc(BuildCtx
 	  "Error: unsupported opcode %08x for %s symbol relocation.\n",
 	  ins, sym);
   exit(1);
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  if ((ins & 0x7f) == 0x17u) {
+    fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tauipc x%d, %s\n", (ins >> 7) & 31, sym);
+  } else if ((ins & 0x7f) == 0x67u) {
+    fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tjalr x%d, x%d, %s\n", (ins >> 7) & 31, (ins >> 15) & 31, sym);
+  } else if ((ins & 0x7f) == 0x6fu) {
+    fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tjal x%d, %s\n", (ins >> 7) & 31, sym);
+  } else if ((ins & 0x7f) == 0x03u) {
+    uint8_t funct3 = (ins >> 12) & 7;
+    uint8_t rd = (ins >> 7) & 31, rs1 = (ins >> 15) & 31;
+    switch (funct3) {
+      case 0: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tlb"); break;
+      case 1: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tlh"); break;
+      case 2: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tlw"); break;
+      case 3: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tld"); break;
+      case 4: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tlbu"); break;
+      case 5: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tlhu"); break;
+      case 6: fprintf(ctx->fp, "\tlwu"); break;
+      default: goto rv_reloc_err;
+    }
+    fprintf(ctx->fp, " x%d, %s(x%d)\n", rd, sym, rs1);
+  } else {
+rv_reloc_err:
+    fprintf(stderr,
+  	    "Error: unsupported opcode %08x for %s symbol relocation.\n",
+  	    ins, sym);
+    exit(1);
+  }
 #else
 #error "missing relocation support for this architecture"
 #endif
@@ -304,6 +332,9 @@ void emit_asm(BuildCtx *ctx)
 #if LJ_TARGET_MIPS
   fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.set nomips16\n\t.abicalls\n\t.set noreorder\n\t.set nomacro\n");
 #endif
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  fprintf(ctx->fp, ".option norvc\n.option norelax\n");
+#endif
   emit_asm_align(ctx, 4);
 
 #if LJ_TARGET_PS3
--- a/src/jit/bcsave.lua
+++ b/src/jit/bcsave.lua
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ local map_arch = {
   mips64r6 =	{ e = "be", b = 64, m = 8, f = 0xa0000407, },
   mips64r6el =	{ e = "le", b = 64, m = 8, f = 0xa0000407, },
   s390x =	{ e = "be", b = 64, m = 22, },
+  riscv64 =    { e = "le", b = 64, m = 243, f = 0x00000004, },
 }
 
 local map_os = {
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/jit/dis_riscv.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- LuaJIT RISC-V disassembler module.
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
+-- Released under the MIT license. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
+--
+-- Contributed by Milos Poletanovic from Syrmia.com.
+-- Contributed by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- This is a helper module used by the LuaJIT machine code dumper module.
+--
+-- It disassembles most standard RISC-V instructions.
+-- Mode is little-endian
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local type = type
+local byte, format = string.byte, string.format
+local match, gmatch = string.match, string.gmatch
+local concat = table.concat
+local bit = require("bit")
+local band, bor, tohex = bit.band, bit.bor, bit.tohex
+local lshift, rshift, arshift = bit.lshift, bit.rshift, bit.arshift
+local jit = require("jit")
+
+local jstat = { jit.status() }
+local function is_opt_enabled(opt)
+  for _, v in ipairs(jstat) do
+    if v == opt then
+      return true
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+local xthead = is_opt_enabled("XThead")
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Opcode maps
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--RVC32 extension
+
+local map_quad0 = {
+  shift = 13, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "c.addi4spnZW", "c.fldNMh", "c.lwZMn", "c.flwNMn",
+  false, "c.fsdNMh", "c.swZMn", "c.fswNMn"
+}
+
+local map_sub2quad1 = {
+  shift = 5, mask = 3,
+  [0] = "c.subMZ", "c.xorMZ", "c.orMZ", "c.andMZ"
+}
+
+local map_sub1quad1 = {
+  shift = 10, mask = 3,
+  [0] = "c.srliM1", "c.sraiM1", "c.andiMx", map_sub2quad1
+}
+
+local map_quad1 = {
+  shift = 13, mask = 7,
+  [0] = {
+    shift = 7, mask = 31,
+    [0] = "c.nop", _ = "c.addiDx"
+  },
+  [1] = "c.jalT", [2] = "c.liDx",
+  [3] = {
+    shift = 7, mask = 31,
+    [0] = "c.luiDK", [1] = "c.luiDK", [2] = "c.addi16spX",
+    _ = "c.luiDK"
+  },
+  [4] = map_sub1quad1, [5] = "c.jT", [6] = "c.beqzMq", [7] = "c.bnezMq"
+}
+
+local map_sub1quad2 = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 1,
+  [0] = {
+    shift = 2, mask = 31,
+    [0] = "c.jrD", _ = "c.mvDE"
+  },
+  [1] = {
+    shift = 2, mask = 31,
+    [0] = {
+      shift = 7, mask = 31,
+      [0] = "c.ebreak", _ = "c.jalrD"
+    },
+   _ = "c.addDE"
+  }
+}
+
+local map_quad2 = {
+  shift = 13, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "c.slliD1", [1] = "c.fldspFQ",[2] = "c.lwspDY", [3] = "c.flwspFY",
+  [4] = map_sub1quad2, [5] = "c.fsdspVt", [6] = "c.swspEu", [7] = "c.fswspVu"
+}
+
+local map_compr = {
+  [0] = map_quad0, map_quad1, map_quad2
+}
+
+--RV32M
+local map_mext = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "mulDRr", "mulhDRr", "mulhsuDRr", "mulhuDRr",
+  "divDRr", "divuDRr", "remDRr", "remuDRr"
+}
+
+--RV64M
+local map_mext64 = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "mulwDRr", [4] = "divwDRr", [5] = "divuwDRr", [6] = "remwDRr",
+  [7] = "remuwDRr"
+}
+
+--RV32F, RV64F, RV32D, RV64D
+local map_fload = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [2] = "flwFL", [3] = "fldFL"
+}
+
+local map_fstore = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [2] = "fswSg", [3] = "fsdSg"
+}
+
+local map_fmadd = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 3,
+  [0] = "fmadd.sFGgHo", "fmadd.dFGgHo"
+}
+
+local map_fmsub = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 3,
+  [0] = "fmsub.sFGgHo", "fmsub.dFGgHo"
+}
+
+local map_fnmsub = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 3,
+  [0] = "fnmsub.sFGgHo", "fnmsub.dFGgHo"
+}
+
+local map_fnmadd = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 3,
+  [0] = "fnmadd.sFGgHo", "fnmadd.dFGgHo"
+}
+
+local map_fsgnjs = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "fsgnj.s|fmv.sFGg6", "fsgnjn.s|fneg.sFGg6", "fsgnjx.s|fabs.sFGg6"
+}
+
+local map_fsgnjd = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "fsgnj.d|fmv.dFGg6", "fsgnjn.d|fneg.dFGg6", "fsgnjx.d|fabs.dFGg6"
+}
+
+local map_fms = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "fmin.sFGg", "fmax.sFGg", "fminm.sFGg", "fmaxm.sFGg"
+}
+
+local map_fmd = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "fmin.dFGg", "fmax.dFGg", "fminm.dFGg", "fmaxm.dFGg"
+}
+
+local map_fcomps = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "fle.sDGg", "flt.sDGg", "feq.sDGg",
+  [4] = "fleq.sDGg", "fltq.sDGg"
+}
+
+local map_fcompd = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "fle.dDGg", "flt.dDGg", "feq.dDGg",
+  [4] = "fleq.dDGg", "fltq.dDGg"
+}
+
+local map_fcvtwls = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fcvt.w.sDGo", "fcvt.wu.sDGo", "fcvt.l.sDGo", "fcvt.lu.sDGo"
+}
+
+local map_fcvtwld = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fcvt.w.dDGo", "fcvt.wu.dDGo", "fcvt.l.dDGo", "fcvt.lu.dDGo",
+  [8] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [1] = "fcvtmodw.dDG"
+  }
+}
+
+local map_fcvts = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fcvt.s.wFRo", "fcvt.s.wuFRo", "fcvt.s.lFRo", "fcvt.s.luFRo"
+}
+
+local map_fcvtd = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fcvt.d.wFRo", "fcvt.d.wuFRo", "fcvt.d.lFRo", "fcvt.d.luFRo"
+}
+
+local map_fcvtsd = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fcvt.s.dFGo",
+  [4] = "fround.sFGo", [5] = "froundnx.sFGo"
+}
+
+local map_fcvtds = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fcvt.d.sFGo",
+  [4] = "fround.dFGo", [5] = "froundnx.dFGo"
+}
+
+local map_fmvwx = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fmv.w.xFR", [1] = "fli.sFy"
+}
+
+local map_fmvdx = {
+  shift = 20, mask = 31,
+  [0] = "fmv.d.xFR", [1] = "fli.dFy"
+}
+
+local map_fext = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 127,
+  [0] = "fadd.sFGgo", [1] = "fadd.dFGgo", [4] = "fsub.sFGgo", [5] = "fsub.dFGgo",
+  [8] = "fmul.sFGgo", [9] = "fmul.dFGgo", [12] = "fdiv.sFGgo", [13] = "fdiv.dFGgo",
+  [16] = map_fsgnjs, [17] = map_fsgnjd, [20] = map_fms, [21] = map_fmd,
+  [32] = map_fcvtsd, [33] = map_fcvtds,[44] = "fsqrt.sFGo", [45] = "fsqrt.dFGo",
+  [80] = map_fcomps, [81] = map_fcompd, [96] = map_fcvtwls, [97] = map_fcvtwld,
+  [104] = map_fcvts, [105] = map_fcvtd,
+  [112] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "fmv.x.wDG", "fclass.sDG"
+  },
+  [113] = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "fmv.x.dDG", "fclass.dDG"
+  },
+  [120] = map_fmvwx, [121] = map_fmvdx
+}
+
+--RV32A, RV64A
+local map_aext = {
+  shift = 27, mask = 31,
+  [0] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amoadd.wDrO", [3] = "amoadd.dDrO"
+  },
+  {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amoswap.wDrO", [3] = "amoswap.dDrO"
+  },
+  {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "lr.wDO", [3] = "lr.dDO"
+  },
+  {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "sc.wDrO", [3] = "sc.dDrO"
+  },
+  {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amoxor.wDrO", [3] = "amoxor.dDrO"
+  },
+  [8] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amoor.wDrO", [3] = "amoor.dDrO"
+  },
+  [12] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amoand.wDrO", [3] = "amoand.dDrO"
+  },
+  [16] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amomin.wDrO", [3] = "amomin.dDrO"
+  },
+  [20] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amomax.wDrO", [3] = "amomax.dDrO"
+  },
+  [24] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "amominu.wDrO", [3] = "amominu.dDrO"
+  },
+  [28] = {
+   shift = 12, mask = 7,
+   [2] = "amomaxu.wDrO", [3] = "amomaxu.dDrO"
+  },
+}
+
+-- RV32I, RV64I
+local map_load = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "lbDL", "lhDL", "lwDL", "ldDL",
+  "lbuDL", "lhuDL", "lwuDL"
+}
+
+local map_opimm = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = {
+    shift = 7, mask = 0x1ffffff,
+    [0] = "nop", _ = "addi|li|mvDR0I2"
+  },
+  {
+    shift = 25, mask = 127,
+    [48] = {
+      shift = 20, mask = 31,
+      [4] = "sext.bDR", [5] = "sext.hDR"
+    },
+    _ = "slliDRi",
+  }, "sltiDRI", "sltiu|seqzDRI5",
+  "xori|notDRI4",
+  {
+    shift = 26, mask = 63,
+    [0] = "srliDRi", [16] = "sraiDRi", [24] = "roriDRi",
+    [26] = {
+      shift = 20, mask = 63,
+      [56] = "rev8DR"
+    }
+  },
+  "oriDRI", "andiDRI"
+}
+
+local map_branch = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "beq|beqzRr0B", "bne|bnezRr0B" , false, false,
+  "blt|bgtz|bltzR0r2B", "bge|blez|bgezR0r2B", "bltuRrB", "bgeuRrB"
+}
+
+local map_store = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "sbSr", "shSr", "swSr", "sdSr"
+}
+
+local map_op = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 127,
+  [0] = {
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "addDRr", "sllDRr", "slt|sgtz|sltzDR0r2", "sltu|snezDR0r",
+    "xorDRr", "srlDRr", "orDRr", "andDRr"
+  },
+  [1] = map_mext,
+  [4] = {
+
+  },
+  [5] = { -- Zbb
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [4] = "minDRr", [5] = "minuDRr", [6] = "maxDRr", [7] = "maxuDRr"
+  },
+  [7] = { -- Zicond
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [5] = "czero.eqzDRr", [7] = "czero.nezDRr"
+  },
+  [16] = { -- Zba
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "sh1addDRr", [4] = "sh2addDRr", [6] = "sh3addDRr"
+  },
+  [32] = { -- Zbb
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "sub|negDR0r", [4] = "xnorDRr", [5] = "sraDRr", [6] = "ornDRr", [7] = "andnDRr"
+  },
+  [48] = { -- Zbb
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [1] = "rolDRr", [5] = "rorDRr"
+  }
+}
+
+--- 64I
+local map_opimm32 = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = "addiw|sext.wDRI0", "slliwDRi",
+  [2] = { -- Zba
+    shift = 25, mask = 127,
+    [1] = "slli.uwDRi"
+  },
+  [5] = { -- 64I
+    shift = 25, mask = 127,
+    [0] = "srliwDRi", [32] = "sraiwDRi", [48] = "roriwDRi"
+  },
+  [48] = { -- Zbb
+    shift = 25, mask = 127,
+    [5] = "roriwDRi"
+  }
+}
+
+local map_op32 = {
+  shift = 25, mask = 127,
+  [0] = { -- 64I
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "addwDRr", [1] = "sllwDRr", [5] = "srlwDRr"
+  },
+  [1] = map_mext64,
+  [4] = { -- Zba & Zbb
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "add.uw|zext.w|DRr0", [4] = "zext.hDRr"
+  },
+  [16] = { -- Zba
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [2] = "sh1add.uw", [4] = "sh2add.uw", [6] = "sh3add.uw"
+  },
+  [32] = { -- 64I
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [0] = "subw|negwDR0r", [5] = "srawDRr"
+  },
+  [48] = { -- Zbb
+    shift = 12, mask = 7,
+    [1] = "rolwDRr", [5] = "rorwDRr"
+  }
+}
+
+local map_ecabre = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [0] = {
+   shift = 20, mask = 4095,
+   [0] = "ecall", "ebreak"
+  }
+}
+
+local map_fence = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 1,
+  [0] = "fence", --"fence.i" ZIFENCEI EXTENSION
+}
+
+local map_jalr = {
+  shift = 7, mask = 0x1ffffff,
+  _ = "jalr|jrDRI7", [256] = "ret"
+}
+
+local map_xthead_custom0 = {
+  shift = 12, mask = 7,
+  [1] = { -- Arithmetic
+    shift = 27, mask = 31,
+    [0] = "th.addslDRrv",
+    [2] = {
+      shift = 26, mask = 63,
+      [4] = "th.srriDRi",
+      [5] = {
+        shift = 25, mask = 127,
+        [10] = "th.srriwDRi"
+      }
+    },
+    [4] = { -- XTheadMac
+      shift = 25, mask = 3,
+      [0] = "th.mulaDRr", "th.mulsDRr", "th.mulawDRr", "th.mulswDRr"
+    },
+    [5] = { -- XTheadMac
+      shift = 25, mask = 3,
+      [0] = "th.mulahDRr", "th.mulshDRr"
+    },
+    [8] = { -- XTheadCondMov
+      shift = 25, mask = 3,
+      [0] = "th.mveqzDRr", "th.mvnezDRr"
+    },
+    [16] = { -- XTheadBb
+      shift = 20, mask = 31,
+      [0] = {
+        shift = 25, mask = 3,
+        [0] = "th.tstnbzDRi", "th.revDR", "th.ff0DR", "th.ff1DR"
+      }
+    },
+    [17] = { -- XTheadBb
+      shift = 26, mask = 1,
+      [0] = "th.tstDRi"
+    },
+    [18] = { -- XTheadBb
+      shift = 20, mask = 31,
+      [0] = {
+        shift = 25, mask = 3,
+        [0] = "th.revwDR"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  [2] = "th.extDRji", [3] = "th.extuDRji",
+  { -- MemLoad
+    shift = 29, mask = 7,
+    [7] = { -- XTheadMemPair
+      shift = 25, mask = 3,
+      [0] = "th.lwdDrP", [2] = "th.lwudDrP", "th.lddDrP"
+    }
+  },
+  { -- MemStore
+    shift = 29, mask = 7,
+    [7] = { -- XTheadMemPair
+      shift = 25, mask = 3,
+      [0] = "th.swdDrP", [3] = "th.sddDrP"
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+local map_custom0 = xthead and map_xthead_custom0 or nil
+
+local map_pri = {
+  [3] = map_load, [7] = map_fload, [11] = map_custom0, [15] = map_fence, [19] = map_opimm,
+  [23] = "auipcDA", [27] = map_opimm32,
+  [35] = map_store, [39] = map_fstore, [47] = map_aext, [51] = map_op,
+  [55] = "luiDU", [59] = map_op32, [67] = map_fmadd, [71] = map_fmsub,
+  [75] = map_fnmsub, [99] = map_branch, [79] = map_fnmadd, [83] = map_fext,
+  [103] = map_jalr, [111] = "jal|j|D0J", [115] = map_ecabre
+}
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local map_gpr = {
+  [0] = "zero", "ra", "sp", "gp", "tp", "x5", "x6", "x7",
+  "x8", "x9", "x10", "x11", "x12", "x13", "x14", "x15",
+  "x16", "x17", "x18", "x19", "x20", "x21", "x22", "x23",
+  "x24", "x25", "x26", "x27", "x28", "x29", "x30", "x31",
+}
+
+local map_fgpr = {
+  [0] = "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7",
+  "f8", "f9", "f10", "f11", "f12", "f13", "f14", "f15",
+  "f16", "f17", "f18", "f19", "f20", "f21", "f22", "f23",
+  "f24", "f25", "f26", "f27", "f28", "f29", "f30", "f31",
+}
+
+local map_rm = {
+  [0] = "rne", "rtz", "rdn", "rup", "rmm", [7] = "dyn"
+}
+
+local map_fli = {
+  [0] = "-1.0",
+  "min",
+  "0x1p-16", "0x1p-15", "0x1p-8", "0x1p-7",
+  "0.0625", "0.125",
+  "0.25", "0.3125", "0.375", "0.4375",
+  "0.5", "0.625", "0.75", "0.875",
+  "1.0", "1.25", "1.5", "1.75",
+  "2.0", "2.5", "3.0",
+  "4.0", "8.0", "16.0", "128.0", "256.0",
+  "32768.0", "65536.0", "inf", "nan"
+}
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Output a nicely formatted line with an opcode and operands.
+local function putop(ctx, text, operands)
+  local pos = ctx.pos
+	local extra = ""
+  if ctx.rel then
+    local sym = ctx.symtab[ctx.rel]
+    if sym then extra = "\t->"..sym end
+  end
+  if ctx.hexdump > 0 then
+    ctx.out:write((format("%08x  %s  %-7s %s%s\n",
+    ctx.addr+pos, tohex(ctx.op), text, concat(operands, ","), extra)))
+  else
+    ctx.out(format("%08x  %-7s %s%s\n",
+    ctx.addr+pos, text, concat(operands, ", "), extra))
+  end
+  local pos = ctx.pos
+  local first_byte = byte(ctx.code, ctx.pos+1)
+  --Examine if the next instruction is 16-bits or 32-bits
+  if(band(first_byte, 3) < 3) then
+    ctx.pos = pos + 2
+  else
+    ctx.pos = pos + 4
+  end
+end
+
+-- Fallback for unknown opcodes.
+local function unknown(ctx)
+  return putop(ctx, ".long", { "0x"..tohex(ctx.op) })
+end
+
+local function get_le(ctx)
+  local pos = ctx.pos
+  --Examine if the next instruction is 16-bits or 32-bits
+  local first_byte = byte(ctx.code, pos+1)
+  if(band(first_byte, 3) < 3) then --checking first two bits of opcode
+    local b0, b1 = byte(ctx.code, pos+1, pos+2)
+    return bor(lshift(b1, 8), b0)
+  else
+    local b0, b1, b2, b3 = byte(ctx.code, pos+1, pos+4)
+    return bor(lshift(b3, 24), lshift(b2, 16), lshift(b1, 8), b0)
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_W(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 7), 15) --9:6
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 11), 3) --5:4
+  local part3 = band(rshift(opcode, 5), 1)--3
+  local part4 = band(rshift(opcode, 6), 1)--2
+  return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6) , lshift(part2, 4),
+             lshift(part3, 3), lshift(part4, 2))
+end
+
+local function parse_x(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 12), 1) --5
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 2), 31) --4:0
+  if(part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x1ffffff, 6), lshift(part1, 5), part2)
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 5), part2)
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_X(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 12), 1) --12
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 3), 3) --8:7
+  local part3 = band(rshift(opcode, 5), 1) --6
+  local part4 = band(rshift(opcode, 2), 1) --5
+  local part5 = band(rshift(opcode, 6), 1) --4
+  if(part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x3fffff, 9), lshift(part2, 7),
+               lshift(part3, 6), lshift(part4, 5), lshift(part5, 4))
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part2, 7), lshift(part3, 6),
+               lshift(part4, 5), lshift(part5, 4))
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_S(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 25), 127) --11:5
+  local sign = band(rshift(part1, 6), 1)
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 7), 31) --4:0
+  if (sign == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x7ffff, 12), lshift(part1, 5), part2)
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 5), part2)
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_B(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 7), 1) --11
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 25), 63) --10:5
+  local part3 = band(rshift(opcode, 8), 15) -- 4 : 1
+  if (part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x7ffff, 12), lshift(part1, 11),
+               lshift(part2, 5), lshift(part3, 1), 0)
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 11), lshift(part2, 5),
+               lshift(part3, 1), 0)
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_q(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 12), 1) --8
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 5), 3) --7:6
+  local part3 = band(rshift(opcode, 2), 1) --5
+  local part4 = band(rshift(opcode, 10), 3) --4:3
+  local part5 = band(rshift(opcode, 3), 3) --2:1
+  if(part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x7fffff, 8), lshift(part2, 6),
+               lshift(part3, 5), lshift(part4, 3), lshift(part5, 1))
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part2, 6), lshift(part3, 5),
+               lshift(part4, 3), lshift(part5, 1))
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_J(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 31), 1) --20
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 12), 255) -- 19:12
+  local part3 = band(rshift(opcode, 20), 1) --11
+  local part4 = band(rshift(opcode, 21), 1023) --10:1
+  if(part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x7ff, 20), lshift(part2, 12),
+               lshift(part3, 11), lshift(part4, 1))
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(0, 20), lshift(part2, 12),
+               lshift(part3, 11), lshift(part4, 1))
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_T(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 12), 1) --11
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 8), 1) --10
+  local part3 = band(rshift(opcode, 9), 3)--9:8
+  local part4 = band(rshift(opcode, 6), 1) --7
+  local part5 = band(rshift(opcode, 7), 1) -- 6
+  local part6 = band(rshift(opcode, 2), 1) --5
+  local part7 = band(rshift(opcode, 11), 1) --4
+  local part8 = band(rshift(opcode, 3), 7) --3:1
+  if(part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(1, 31), lshift(0x7ffff, 12), lshift(part1, 11),
+               lshift(part2, 10), lshift(part3, 8), lshift(part4, 7),
+               lshift(part5, 6), lshift(part6, 5), lshift(part7, 4),
+               lshift(part8, 1))
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 11), lshift(part2, 10),
+               lshift(part3, 8), lshift(part4, 7), lshift(part5, 6),
+               lshift(part6, 5), lshift(part7, 4), lshift(part8, 1))
+  end
+end
+
+local function parse_K(opcode)
+  local part1 = band(rshift(opcode, 12), 1) --5 17
+  local part2 = band(rshift(opcode, 2), 31) --4:0  16:12
+  if(part1 == 1) then
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(0x7fff, 5), part2)
+  else
+    return bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 5), part2)
+  end
+end
+
+-- Disassemble a single instruction.
+local function disass_ins(ctx)
+  local op = ctx:get()
+  local operands = {}
+  local last = nil
+  ctx.op = op
+  ctx.rel =nil
+
+  local opat = 0
+  --for compressed instructions
+  if(band(op, 3) < 3) then
+    opat = ctx.map_compr[band(op, 3)]
+    while type(opat) ~= "string" do
+      if not opat then return unknown(ctx) end
+      local test = band(rshift(op, opat.shift), opat.mask)
+      opat = opat[band(rshift(op, opat.shift), opat.mask)] or opat._
+    end
+  else
+    opat = ctx.map_pri[band(op,127)]
+    while type(opat) ~= "string" do
+      if not opat then return unknown(ctx) end
+      opat = opat[band(rshift(op, opat.shift), opat.mask)] or opat._
+    end
+  end
+  local name, pat = match(opat, "^([a-z0-9_.]*)(.*)")
+  local altname, pat2 = match(pat, "|([a-z0-9_.|]*)(.*)")
+  local a1, a2 = 0
+  if altname then
+   pat = pat2
+  end
+
+  local alias_done = false --variable for the case of 2 pseudoinstructions, if both parameters are x0, 0
+
+  for p in gmatch(pat, ".") do
+    local x = nil
+    if p == "D" then
+      x = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 7), 31)]
+    elseif p == "F" then
+      x = map_fgpr[band(rshift(op, 7), 31)]
+    elseif p == "R" then
+      x = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)]
+    elseif p == "G" then
+      x = map_fgpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)]
+    elseif p == "r" then
+      x = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 20), 31)]
+      if(name == "sb" or name == "sh" or name == "sw" or name == "sd") then
+        local temp = last --because of the diffrent order of the characters
+        operands[#operands] = x
+        x = temp
+      end
+    elseif p == "g" then
+      x = map_fgpr[band(rshift(op, 20), 31)]
+     if(name == "fsw" or name == "fsd") then
+        local temp = last
+        operands[#operands] = x
+        x = temp
+     end
+    elseif p == "Z" then
+      x = map_gpr[8 + band(rshift(op, 2), 7)]
+    elseif p == "N" then
+      x = map_fgpr[8 + band(rshift(op, 2), 7)]
+    elseif p == "M" then
+      x = map_gpr[8 + band(rshift(op, 7), 7)]
+    elseif p == "E" then
+      x = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 2), 31)]
+    elseif p == "W" then
+      local uimm = parse_W(op)
+      x = format("%s,%d", "sp", uimm)
+    elseif p == "x" then
+      x = parse_x(op)
+    elseif p == "h" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 5), 3) --7:6
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 10), 7) --5:3
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6) , lshift(part2, 3))
+      operands[#operands] = format("%d(%s)", uimm, last)
+    elseif p == "X" then
+      local imm = parse_X(op)
+      x = format("%s,%d", "sp", imm)
+    elseif p == "O" then
+      x = format("(%s)", map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)])
+    elseif p == "H" then
+      x = map_fgpr[band(rshift(op, 27), 31)]
+    elseif p == "L" then
+      local register = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)]
+      local disp = arshift(op, 20)
+      x = format("%d(%s)", disp, register)
+    elseif p == "P" then -- XTheadMemPair
+      local register = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)]
+      local disp = band(arshift(op, 25), 3)
+      local isword = bxor(band(arshift(op, 26), 1), 1)
+      x = format("(%s), %d, %d", register, disp, isword and 3 or 4)
+    elseif p == "I" then
+      x = arshift(op, 20)
+      --different for jalr
+      if(name == "jalr") then
+        local reg = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)]
+        if(ctx.reltab[reg] == nil) then
+          operands[#operands] = format("%d(%s)", x, last)
+        else
+          local target = ctx.reltab[reg] + x
+          operands[#operands] = format("%d(%s) #0x%08x", x, last, target)
+          ctx.rel = target
+          ctx.reltab[reg] = nil --assume no reuses of the register
+        end
+        x = nil --not to add additional operand
+      end
+    elseif p == "i" then
+      --both for RV32I AND RV64I
+      local value = band(arshift(op, 20), 63)
+      x = string.format("%d", value)
+    elseif p == "j" then -- XThead imm1[31..26]
+      local value = band(rshift(op, 26), 63)
+      x = string.format("%d", value)
+    elseif p == "v" then --XThead imm[2][26..25]
+      local value = band(rshift(op, 25), 3)
+      x = string.format("%d", value)
+    elseif p == "S" then
+      local register = map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)] --register
+      local imm = parse_S(op)
+      x = format("%d(%s)", imm, register)
+    elseif p == "n" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 5), 1) --6
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 10), 7) --5:3
+      local part3 = band(rshift(op, 6), 1) --2
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6), lshift(part2, 3),
+                       lshift(part3, 2))
+      operands[#operands] = format("%d(%s)", uimm, last)
+    elseif p == "A" then
+      local value, dest = band(rshift(op, 12), 0xfffff), map_gpr[band(rshift(op, 7), 31)]
+      ctx.reltab[dest] = ctx.addr + ctx.pos + lshift(value, 12)
+      x = format("0x%x", value)
+    elseif p == "B" then
+      x = ctx.addr + ctx.pos + parse_B(op)
+      ctx.rel = x
+      x = format("0x%08x", x)
+    elseif p == "U" then
+      local value = band(rshift(op, 12), 0xfffff)
+      x = string.format("0x%x", value)
+    elseif p == "Q" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 2), 7) --8:6
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 12), 1) --5
+      local part3 = band(rshift(op, 5), 3) --4:3
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6), lshift(part2, 5),
+                       lshift(part3, 3))
+      x = format("%d(%s)", uimm, "sp")
+   elseif p == "q" then
+      x = ctx.addr + ctx.pos + parse_q(op)
+      ctx.rel = x
+      x = format("0x%08x", x)
+    elseif p == "J" then
+      x = ctx.addr + ctx.pos + parse_J(op)
+      ctx.rel = x
+      x = format("0x%08x", x)
+    elseif p == "K" then
+      local value = parse_K(op)
+      x = string.format("0x%x", value)
+    elseif p == "Y" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 2), 3) --7:6
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 12), 1) --5
+      local part3 = band(rshift(op, 4), 7) --4:2
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6), lshift(part2, 5),
+                       lshift(part3, 2))
+      x = format("%d(%s)", uimm, "sp")
+    elseif p == "o" then -- rounding mode
+      x = map_rm[band(rshift(op, 12), 7)]
+    elseif p == "y" then -- fli lut
+      x = map_fli[band(rshift(op, 15), 31)]
+    elseif p == "1" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 12), 1) --5
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 2), 31) --4:0
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 5), part2)
+      x = string.format("0x%x", uimm)
+    elseif p == "T" then
+      x = ctx.addr + ctx.pos + parse_T(op)
+      ctx.rel = x
+      x = format("0x%08x", x)
+    elseif p == "t" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 7), 7) --8:6
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 10), 7) --5:3
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6), lshift(part2, 3))
+      x = format("%d(%s)", uimm, "sp")
+    elseif p == "u" then
+      local part1 = band(rshift(op, 7), 3) --7:6
+      local part2 = band(rshift(op, 9), 15) --5:2
+      local uimm = bor(lshift(0, 31), lshift(part1, 6), lshift(part2, 2))
+      x = format("%d(%s)", uimm, "sp")
+    elseif p == "V" then
+      x = map_fgpr[band(rshift(op, 2), 31)]
+    elseif p == "0" then --PSEUDOINSTRUCTIONS
+      if (last == "zero" or last == 0) then
+        local n = #operands
+        operands[n] = nil
+        last = operands[n-1]
+        local a1, a2 = match(altname, "([^|]*)|(.*)")
+        if a1 then name, altname = a1, a2
+        else name = altname end
+        alias_done = true
+      end
+    elseif (p == "4") then
+      if(last == -1) then
+        name = altname
+        operands[#operands] = nil
+      end
+    elseif (p == "5") then
+      if(last == 1) then
+        name = altname
+        operands[#operands] = nil
+      end
+    elseif (p == "6") then
+      if(last == operands[#operands - 1]) then
+        name = altname
+        operands[#operands] = nil
+      end
+    elseif (p == "7") then --jalr rs
+      local value = string.sub(operands[#operands], 1, 1)
+      local reg = string.sub(operands[#operands], 3, #(operands[#operands]) - 1)
+      if(value == "0" and
+         (operands[#operands - 1] == "ra" or operands[#operands - 1] == "zero")) then
+        if(operands[#operands - 1] == "zero") then
+          name = altname
+        end
+        operands[#operands] = nil
+        operands[#operands] = reg
+      end
+    elseif (p == "2" and alias_done == false) then
+      if (last == "zero" or last == 0) then
+        local a1, a2 = match(altname, "([^|]*)|(.*)")
+        name = a2
+        operands[#operands] = nil
+      end
+    end
+    if x then operands[#operands+1] = x; last = x end
+  end
+  return putop(ctx, name, operands)
+end
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Disassemble a block of code.
+local function disass_block(ctx, ofs, len)
+  if not ofs then
+    ofs = 0
+  end
+  local stop = len and ofs+len or #ctx.code
+  --instructions can be both 32 and 16 bits
+  stop = stop - stop % 2
+  ctx.pos = ofs - ofs % 2
+  ctx.rel = nil
+  while ctx.pos < stop do disass_ins(ctx) end
+end
+
+-- Extended API: create a disassembler context. Then call ctx:disass(ofs, len).
+local function create(code, addr, out)
+  local ctx = {}
+  ctx.code = code
+  ctx.addr = addr or 0
+  ctx.out = out or io.write
+  ctx.symtab = {}
+  ctx.disass = disass_block
+  ctx.hexdump = 8
+  ctx.get = get_le
+  ctx.map_pri = map_pri
+  ctx.map_compr = map_compr
+  ctx.reltab = {}
+  return ctx
+end
+
+-- Simple API: disassemble code (a string) at address and output via out.
+local function disass(code, addr, out)
+  create(code, addr, out):disass(addr)
+end
+
+-- Return register name for RID.
+local function regname(r)
+  if r < 32 then return map_gpr[r] end
+  return "f"..(r-32)
+end
+
+-- Public module functions.
+return {
+  create = create,
+  disass = disass,
+  regname = regname
+}
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/jit/dis_riscv64.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- LuaJIT RISC-V 64 disassembler wrapper module.
+--
+-- Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. All rights reserved.
+-- Released under the MIT license. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- This module just exports the default riscv little-endian functions from the
+-- RISC-V disassembler module. All the interesting stuff is there.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local dis_riscv = require((string.match(..., ".*%.") or "").."dis_riscv")
+return {
+  create = dis_riscv.create,
+  disass = dis_riscv.disass,
+  regname = dis_riscv.regname
+}
\ No newline at end of file
--- a/src/lib_jit.c
+++ b/src/lib_jit.c
@@ -706,6 +706,104 @@ JIT_PARAMDEF(JIT_PARAMINIT)
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #endif
 
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64 && LJ_TARGET_POSIX
+
+#if LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+struct riscv_hwprobe hwprobe_requests[] = {
+	{RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0}
+};
+
+const uint64_t *hwprobe_ext = &hwprobe_requests[0].value;
+
+int hwprobe_ret = 0;
+#endif
+
+static int riscv_compressed()
+{
+#if defined(__riscv_c) || defined(__riscv_compressed)
+  /* Don't bother checking for RVC -- would crash before getting here. */
+  return 1;
+#elif LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+  return (hwprobe_ret == 0 && ((*hwprobe_ext) & RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_C)) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int riscv_zba()
+{
+#if defined(__riscv_b) || defined(__riscv_zba)
+  /* Don't bother checking for Zba -- would crash before getting here. */
+  return 1;
+#elif LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+  return (hwprobe_ret == 0 && ((*hwprobe_ext) & RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZBA)) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int riscv_zbb()
+{
+#if defined(__riscv_b) || defined(__riscv_zbb)
+  /* Don't bother checking for Zbb -- would crash before getting here. */
+  return 1;
+#elif LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+  return (hwprobe_ret == 0 && ((*hwprobe_ext) & RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZBB)) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int riscv_zicond()
+{
+#if defined(__riscv_zicond)
+  /* Don't bother checking for Zicond -- would crash before getting here. */
+  return 1;
+#elif LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+  return (hwprobe_ret == 0 && ((*hwprobe_ext) & RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZICOND)) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int riscv_zfa()
+{
+#if defined(__riscv_zfa)
+  /* Don't bother checking for Zfa -- would crash before getting here. */
+  return 1;
+#elif LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+  return (hwprobe_ret == 0 && ((*hwprobe_ext) & RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZFA)) ? 1 : 0;
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int riscv_xthead()
+{
+#if (defined(__riscv_xtheadba) \
+  && defined(__riscv_xtheadbb) \
+  && defined(__riscv_xtheadcondmov) \
+  && defined(__riscv_xtheadmac))
+  /* Don't bother checking for XThead -- would crash before getting here. */
+  return 1;
+#else
+/*
+** Hardcoded as there's no easy way of detection:
+** - SIGILL have some trouble with libluajit as we speak
+** - Checking mvendorid looks good, but might not be reliable.
+*/
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static uint32_t riscv_probe(int (*func)(void), uint32_t flag)
+{
+    return func() ? flag : 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 /* Arch-dependent CPU feature detection. */
 static uint32_t jit_cpudetect(void)
 {
@@ -778,6 +876,29 @@ static uint32_t jit_cpudetect(void)
 #endif
 #elif LJ_TARGET_S390X
   /* No optional CPU features to detect (for now). */
+
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#if LJ_HASJIT
+
+#if LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+  /* HWPROBE-based detection of RVC, Zba, Zbb and Zicond. */
+  hwprobe_ret = syscall(__NR_riscv_hwprobe, &hwprobe_requests,
+                sizeof(hwprobe_requests) / sizeof(struct riscv_hwprobe), 0,
+			          NULL, 0);
+
+  flags |= riscv_probe(riscv_compressed, JIT_F_RVC);
+  flags |= riscv_probe(riscv_zba, JIT_F_RVZba);
+  flags |= riscv_probe(riscv_zbb, JIT_F_RVZbb);
+  flags |= riscv_probe(riscv_zicond, JIT_F_RVZicond);
+  flags |= riscv_probe(riscv_zfa, JIT_F_RVZfa);
+  flags |= riscv_probe(riscv_xthead, JIT_F_RVXThead);
+
+#endif
+
+  /* Detect V/P? */
+  /* V have no hardware available, P not ratified yet. */
+#endif
+
 #else
 #error "Missing CPU detection for this architecture"
 #endif
--- a/src/lj_alloc.c
+++ b/src/lj_alloc.c
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ static void *CALL_MREMAP_(void *ptr, siz
 #define CALL_MREMAP(addr, osz, nsz, mv) CALL_MREMAP_((addr), (osz), (nsz), (mv))
 #define CALL_MREMAP_NOMOVE	0
 #define CALL_MREMAP_MAYMOVE	1
-#if LJ_64 && (!LJ_GC64 || LJ_TARGET_ARM64)
+#if LJ_64 && (!LJ_GC64 || LJ_TARGET_ARM64 || LJ_TARGET_RISCV64)
 #define CALL_MREMAP_MV		CALL_MREMAP_NOMOVE
 #else
 #define CALL_MREMAP_MV		CALL_MREMAP_MAYMOVE
--- a/src/lj_arch.h
+++ b/src/lj_arch.h
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 #define LUAJIT_ARCH_mips64	7
 #define LUAJIT_ARCH_S390X	8
 #define LUAJIT_ARCH_s390x	8
+#define LUAJIT_ARCH_RISCV64	9
+#define LUAJIT_ARCH_riscv64	9
 
 /* Target OS. */
 #define LUAJIT_OS_OTHER		0
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@
 #define LUAJIT_TARGET	LUAJIT_ARCH_MIPS64
 #elif defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips) || defined(__MIPS__) || defined(__MIPS)
 #define LUAJIT_TARGET	LUAJIT_ARCH_MIPS32
+#elif (defined(__riscv) || defined(__riscv__)) && __riscv_xlen == 64
+#define LUAJIT_TARGET LUAJIT_ARCH_RISCV64
 #else
 #error "Architecture not supported (in this version), see: https://luajit.org/status.html#architectures"
 #endif
@@ -506,6 +510,20 @@
 #define LJ_ARCH_NUMMODE		LJ_NUMMODE_DUAL
 #define LJ_TARGET_GC64		1
 #define LJ_ARCH_NOJIT		1	/* NYI */
+#elif LUAJIT_TARGET == LUAJIT_ARCH_RISCV64
+
+#define LJ_ARCH_NAME		"riscv64"
+#define LJ_ARCH_BITS		64
+#define LJ_ARCH_ENDIAN		LUAJIT_LE	/* Forget about BE for now */
+#define LJ_TARGET_RISCV64	1
+#define LJ_TARGET_GC64		1
+#define LJ_TARGET_EHRETREG	10
+#define LJ_TARGET_EHRAREG	1
+#define LJ_TARGET_JUMPRANGE	30	/* JAL +-2^20 = +-1MB,\
+        AUIPC+JALR +-2^31 = +-2GB, leave 1 bit to avoid AUIPC corner case */
+#define LJ_TARGET_MASKSHIFT	1
+#define LJ_TARGET_MASKROT	1
+#define LJ_ARCH_NUMMODE		LJ_NUMMODE_DUAL
 
 #else
 #error "No target architecture defined"
@@ -590,6 +608,10 @@
 #error "Only n64 ABI supported for MIPS64"
 #undef LJ_TARGET_MIPS
 #endif
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#if !defined(__riscv_float_abi_double)
+#error "Only RISC-V 64 double float supported for now"
+#endif
 #endif
 #endif
 
--- a/src/lj_asm.c
+++ b/src/lj_asm.c
@@ -231,6 +231,8 @@ static Reg rset_pickrandom(ASMState *as,
 #include "lj_emit_ppc.h"
 #elif LJ_TARGET_MIPS
 #include "lj_emit_mips.h"
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#include "lj_emit_riscv.h"
 #else
 #error "Missing instruction emitter for target CPU"
 #endif
@@ -1719,6 +1721,8 @@ static void asm_loop(ASMState *as)
 #include "lj_asm_mips.h"
 #elif LJ_TARGET_S390X
 #include "lj_asm_s390x.h"
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#include "lj_asm_riscv64.h"
 #else
 #error "Missing assembler for target CPU"
 #endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lj_asm_riscv64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2037 @@
+/*
+** RISC-V IR assembler (SSA IR -> machine code).
+** Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
+**
+** Contributed by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
+*/
+
+/* -- Register allocator extensions --------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Allocate a register with a hint. */
+static Reg ra_hintalloc(ASMState *as, IRRef ref, Reg hint, RegSet allow)
+{
+  Reg r = IR(ref)->r;
+  if (ra_noreg(r)) {
+    if (!ra_hashint(r) && !iscrossref(as, ref))
+      ra_sethint(IR(ref)->r, hint);  /* Propagate register hint. */
+    r = ra_allocref(as, ref, allow);
+  }
+  ra_noweak(as, r);
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* Allocate a register or RID_ZERO. */
+static Reg ra_alloc1z(ASMState *as, IRRef ref, RegSet allow)
+{
+  Reg r = IR(ref)->r;
+  if (ra_noreg(r)) {
+    if (!(allow & RSET_FPR) && irref_isk(ref) && get_kval(as, ref) == 0)
+      return RID_ZERO;
+    r = ra_allocref(as, ref, allow);
+  } else {
+    ra_noweak(as, r);
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+/* Allocate two source registers for three-operand instructions. */
+static Reg ra_alloc2(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RegSet allow)
+{
+  IRIns *irl = IR(ir->op1), *irr = IR(ir->op2);
+  Reg left = irl->r, right = irr->r;
+  if (ra_hasreg(left)) {
+    ra_noweak(as, left);
+    if (ra_noreg(right))
+      right = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(allow, left));
+    else
+      ra_noweak(as, right);
+  } else if (ra_hasreg(right)) {
+    ra_noweak(as, right);
+    left = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op1, rset_exclude(allow, right));
+  } else if (ra_hashint(right)) {
+    right = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op2, allow);
+    left = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op1, rset_exclude(allow, right));
+  } else {
+    left = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op1, allow);
+    right = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(allow, left));
+  }
+  return left | (right << 8);
+}
+
+/* -- Guard handling ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Copied from MIPS, AUIPC+JALR is expensive to setup in-place */
+#define RISCV_SPAREJUMP		4
+
+/* Setup spare long-range jump (trampoline?) slots per mcarea. */
+
+static void asm_sparejump_setup(ASMState *as)
+{
+  MCode *mxp = as->mctop;
+  if ((char *)mxp == (char *)as->J->mcarea + as->J->szmcarea) {
+    for (int i = RISCV_SPAREJUMP*2; i--; )
+      *--mxp = RISCVI_EBREAK;
+    as->mctop = mxp;
+  }
+}
+
+static MCode *asm_sparejump_use(MCode *mcarea, MCode *target)
+{
+  MCode *mxp = (MCode *)((char *)mcarea + ((MCLink *)mcarea)->size);
+  int slot = RISCV_SPAREJUMP;
+  RISCVIns tslot = RISCVI_EBREAK, tauipc, tjalr;
+  while (slot--) {
+    mxp -= 2;
+    ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)target - (char *)mxp;
+    tauipc = RISCVI_AUIPC | RISCVF_D(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(delta)),
+    tjalr = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(delta));
+    if (mxp[0] == tauipc && mxp[1] == tjalr) {
+      return mxp;
+    } else if (mxp[0] == tslot) {
+      mxp[0] = tauipc, mxp[1] = tjalr;
+      return mxp;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Setup exit stub after the end of each trace. */
+static void asm_exitstub_setup(ASMState *as, ExitNo nexits)
+{
+  ExitNo i;
+  MCode *mxp = as->mctop;
+  if (mxp - (nexits + 4 + MCLIM_REDZONE) < as->mclim)
+    asm_mclimit(as);
+  for (i = nexits-1; (int32_t)i >= 0; i--)
+    *--mxp = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_D(RID_RA) | RISCVF_IMMJ((uintptr_t)(4*(-4-i)));
+  ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)lj_vm_exit_handler - (char *)(mxp-3);
+  /* 1: sw ra, 0(sp); auipc+jalr ->vm_exit_handler; lui x0, traceno; jal <1; jal <1; ... */
+  *--mxp = RISCVI_LUI | RISCVF_IMMU(as->T->traceno);
+  *--mxp = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_D(RID_RA) | RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP)
+         | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO((uintptr_t)(void *)delta));
+  *--mxp = RISCVI_AUIPC | RISCVF_D(RID_TMP)
+         | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI((uintptr_t)(void *)delta));
+  *--mxp = RISCVI_SD | RISCVF_S2(RID_RA) | RISCVF_S1(RID_SP);
+  as->mctop = mxp;
+}
+
+static MCode *asm_exitstub_addr(ASMState *as, ExitNo exitno)
+{
+  /* Keep this in-sync with exitstub_trace_addr(). */
+  return as->mctop + exitno + 4;
+}
+
+/* Emit conditional branch to exit for guard. */
+static void asm_guard(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rs1, Reg rs2)
+{
+  MCode *target = asm_exitstub_addr(as, as->snapno);
+  MCode *p = as->mcp;
+  if (LJ_UNLIKELY(p == as->invmcp)) {
+    as->loopinv = 1;
+    as->mcp = ++p;
+    *p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ((char *)target - (char *)p);
+    riscvi = riscvi^RISCVF_FUNCT3(1);  /* Invert cond. */
+    target = p - 1;  /* Patch target later in asm_loop_fixup. */
+  }
+    ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 1);
+    *--p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta);
+    *--p = (riscvi^RISCVF_FUNCT3(1)) | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_IMMB(8);
+    as->mcp = p;
+}
+
+/* -- Operand fusion ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Limit linear search to this distance. Avoids O(n^2) behavior. */
+#define CONFLICT_SEARCH_LIM	31
+
+/* Check if there's no conflicting instruction between curins and ref. */
+static int noconflict(ASMState *as, IRRef ref, IROp conflict)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = as->ir;
+  IRRef i = as->curins;
+  if (i > ref + CONFLICT_SEARCH_LIM)
+    return 0;  /* Give up, ref is too far away. */
+  while (--i > ref)
+    if (ir[i].o == conflict)
+      return 0;  /* Conflict found. */
+  return 1;  /* Ok, no conflict. */
+}
+
+/* Fuse the array base of colocated arrays. */
+static int32_t asm_fuseabase(ASMState *as, IRRef ref)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+  if (ir->o == IR_TNEW && ir->op1 <= LJ_MAX_COLOSIZE &&
+      !neverfuse(as) && noconflict(as, ref, IR_NEWREF))
+    return (int32_t)sizeof(GCtab);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Fuse array/hash/upvalue reference into register+offset operand. */
+static Reg asm_fuseahuref(ASMState *as, IRRef ref, int32_t *ofsp, RegSet allow)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+  if (ra_noreg(ir->r)) {
+    if (ir->o == IR_AREF) {
+      if (mayfuse(as, ref)) {
+	if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+	  IRRef tab = IR(ir->op1)->op1;
+	  int32_t ofs = asm_fuseabase(as, tab);
+	  IRRef refa = ofs ? tab : ir->op1;
+	  ofs += 8*IR(ir->op2)->i;
+	  if (checki12(ofs)) {
+	    *ofsp = ofs;
+	    return ra_alloc1(as, refa, allow);
+	  }
+	}
+      }
+    } else if (ir->o == IR_HREFK) {
+      if (mayfuse(as, ref)) {
+	int32_t ofs = (int32_t)(IR(ir->op2)->op2 * sizeof(Node));
+	if (checki12(ofs)) {
+	  *ofsp = ofs;
+	  return ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, allow);
+	}
+      }
+    } else if (ir->o == IR_UREFC) {
+      if (irref_isk(ir->op1)) {
+	GCfunc *fn = ir_kfunc(IR(ir->op1));
+	GCupval *uv = &gcref(fn->l.uvptr[(ir->op2 >> 8)])->uv;
+  intptr_t ofs = ((intptr_t)((uintptr_t)(&uv->tv) - (uintptr_t)&J2GG(as->J)->g));
+	if (checki12(ofs)) {
+	  *ofsp = (int32_t)ofs;
+	  return RID_GL;
+	}
+      }
+    } else if (ir->o == IR_TMPREF) {
+      *ofsp = (int32_t)offsetof(global_State, tmptv);
+      return RID_GL;
+    }
+  }
+  *ofsp = 0;
+  return ra_alloc1(as, ref, allow);
+}
+
+/* Fuse XLOAD/XSTORE reference into load/store operand. */
+static void asm_fusexref(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, IRRef ref,
+			 RegSet allow, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+  Reg base;
+  if (ra_noreg(ir->r) && canfuse(as, ir)) {
+    intptr_t ofs2;
+    if (ir->o == IR_ADD) {
+      if (irref_isk(ir->op2) && (ofs2 = ofs + get_kval(as, ir->op2),
+				 checki12(ofs2))) {
+	ref = ir->op1;
+	ofs = (int32_t)ofs2;
+      }
+    } else if (ir->o == IR_STRREF) {
+      ofs2 = 4096;
+      lj_assertA(ofs == 0, "bad usage");
+      ofs = (int32_t)sizeof(GCstr);
+      if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+	ofs2 = ofs + get_kval(as, ir->op2);
+	ref = ir->op1;
+      } else if (irref_isk(ir->op1)) {
+	ofs2 = ofs + get_kval(as, ir->op1);
+	ref = ir->op2;
+      }
+      if (!checki12(ofs2)) {
+        /* NYI: Fuse ADD with constant. */
+        Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, allow);
+        right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+        emit_lso(as, riscvi, rd, RID_TMP, ofs);
+        emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, RID_TMP, left, right);
+        return;
+      }
+      ofs = ofs2;
+    }
+  }
+  base = ra_alloc1(as, ref, allow);
+  emit_lso(as, riscvi, rd, base, ofs);
+}
+
+/* Fuse Integer multiply-accumulate. */
+
+static int asm_fusemac(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi)
+{
+  IRRef lref = ir->op1, rref = ir->op2;
+  IRIns *irm;
+  if (lref != rref &&
+      ((mayfuse(as, lref) && (irm = IR(lref), irm->o == IR_MUL) &&
+       ra_noreg(irm->r)) ||
+       (mayfuse(as, rref) && (irm = IR(rref), irm->o == IR_MUL) &&
+       (rref = lref, ra_noreg(irm->r))))) {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg add = ra_hintalloc(as, rref, dest, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg left = ra_alloc2(as, irm,
+       rset_exclude(rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, dest), add));
+    Reg right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, dest, left, right);
+    if (dest != add) emit_mv(as, dest, add);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Fuse FP multiply-add/sub. */
+
+static int asm_fusemadd(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi, RISCVIns riscvir)
+{
+  IRRef lref = ir->op1, rref = ir->op2;
+  IRIns *irm;
+  if ((as->flags & JIT_F_OPT_FMA) &&
+      lref != rref &&
+      ((mayfuse(as, lref) && (irm = IR(lref), irm->o == IR_MUL) &&
+       ra_noreg(irm->r)) ||
+       (mayfuse(as, rref) && (irm = IR(rref), irm->o == IR_MUL) &&
+       (rref = lref, riscvi = riscvir, ra_noreg(irm->r))))) {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+    Reg add = ra_hintalloc(as, rref, dest, RSET_FPR);
+    Reg left = ra_alloc2(as, irm,
+       rset_exclude(rset_exclude(RSET_FPR, dest), add));
+    Reg right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    emit_ds1s2s3(as, riscvi, dest, left, right, add);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+/* -- Calls --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Generate a call to a C function. */
+static void asm_gencall(ASMState *as, const CCallInfo *ci, IRRef *args)
+{
+  uint32_t n, nargs = CCI_XNARGS(ci);
+  int32_t ofs = 0;
+  Reg gpr, fpr = REGARG_FIRSTFPR;
+  if ((void *)ci->func)
+    emit_call(as, (void *)ci->func, 1);
+  for (gpr = REGARG_FIRSTGPR; gpr <= REGARG_LASTGPR; gpr++)
+    as->cost[gpr] = REGCOST(~0u, ASMREF_L);
+  gpr = REGARG_FIRSTGPR;
+  for (n = 0; n < nargs; n++) { /* Setup args. */
+    IRRef ref = args[n];
+    IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+    if (ref) {
+      if (irt_isfp(ir->t)) {
+        if (fpr <= REGARG_LASTFPR) {
+	  lj_assertA(rset_test(as->freeset, fpr),
+	             "reg %d not free", fpr);  /* Must have been evicted. */
+          ra_leftov(as, fpr, ref);
+	  fpr++; if(ci->flags & CCI_VARARG) gpr++;
+	} else if (!(ci->flags & CCI_VARARG) && gpr <= REGARG_LASTGPR) {
+	  lj_assertA(rset_test(as->freeset, gpr),
+	             "reg %d not free", gpr);  /* Must have been evicted. */
+          ra_leftov(as, gpr, ref);
+	  gpr++;
+	} else {
+	  Reg r = ra_alloc1(as, ref, RSET_FPR);
+	  emit_spstore(as, ir, r, ofs);
+	  ofs += 8;
+	}
+      } else {
+        if (gpr <= REGARG_LASTGPR) {
+	  lj_assertA(rset_test(as->freeset, gpr),
+	             "reg %d not free", gpr);  /* Must have been evicted. */
+          ra_leftov(as, gpr, ref);
+	  gpr++; if(ci->flags & CCI_VARARG) fpr++;
+	} else {
+	  Reg r = ra_alloc1z(as, ref, RSET_GPR);
+	  emit_spstore(as, ir, r, ofs);
+	  ofs += 8;
+	}
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Setup result reg/sp for call. Evict scratch regs. */
+static void asm_setupresult(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, const CCallInfo *ci)
+{
+  RegSet drop = RSET_SCRATCH;
+  int hiop = ((ir+1)->o == IR_HIOP && !irt_isnil((ir+1)->t));
+  if (ra_hasreg(ir->r))
+    rset_clear(drop, ir->r);  /* Dest reg handled below. */
+  if (hiop && ra_hasreg((ir+1)->r))
+    rset_clear(drop, (ir+1)->r);  /* Dest reg handled below. */
+  ra_evictset(as, drop);  /* Evictions must be performed first. */
+  if (ra_used(ir)) {
+    lj_assertA(!irt_ispri(ir->t), "PRI dest");
+    if (irt_isfp(ir->t)) {
+      if ((ci->flags & CCI_CASTU64)) {
+        Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+  emit_ds(as, irt_isnum(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FMV_D_X : RISCVI_FMV_W_X,
+	        dest, RID_RET);
+      } else {
+	ra_destreg(as, ir, RID_FPRET);
+      }
+    } else if (hiop) {
+      ra_destpair(as, ir);
+    } else {
+      ra_destreg(as, ir, RID_RET);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_callx(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  IRRef args[CCI_NARGS_MAX*2];
+  CCallInfo ci;
+  IRRef func;
+  IRIns *irf;
+  ci.flags = asm_callx_flags(as, ir);
+  asm_collectargs(as, ir, &ci, args);
+  asm_setupresult(as, ir, &ci);
+  func = ir->op2; irf = IR(func);
+  if (irf->o == IR_CARG) { func = irf->op1; irf = IR(func); }
+  if (irref_isk(func)) {  /* Call to constant address. */
+    ci.func = (ASMFunction)(void *)get_kval(as, func);
+  } else {  /* Need specific register for indirect calls. */
+    Reg r = ra_alloc1(as, func, RID2RSET(RID_CFUNCADDR));
+    MCode *p = as->mcp;
+    *--p = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_D(RID_RA) | RISCVF_S1(r);
+    if (r == RID_CFUNCADDR)
+      *--p = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_CFUNCADDR) | RISCVF_S1(r);
+    else
+      *--p = RISCVI_MV | RISCVF_D(RID_CFUNCADDR) | RISCVF_S1(r);
+    as->mcp = p;
+    ci.func = (ASMFunction)(void *)0;
+  }
+  asm_gencall(as, &ci, args);
+}
+
+/* -- Returns ------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Return to lower frame. Guard that it goes to the right spot. */
+static void asm_retf(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg base = ra_alloc1(as, REF_BASE, RSET_GPR);
+  void *pc = ir_kptr(IR(ir->op2));
+  int32_t delta = 1+LJ_FR2+bc_a(*((const BCIns *)pc - 1));
+  as->topslot -= (BCReg)delta;
+  if ((int32_t)as->topslot < 0) as->topslot = 0;
+  irt_setmark(IR(REF_BASE)->t);  /* Children must not coalesce with BASE reg. */
+  emit_setgl(as, base, jit_base);
+  emit_addptr(as, base, -8*delta);
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP,
+	    ra_allock(as, igcptr(pc), rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, base)));
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, RID_TMP, base, -8);
+}
+
+/* -- Buffer operations --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#if LJ_HASBUFFER
+static void asm_bufhdr_write(ASMState *as, Reg sb)
+{
+  Reg tmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, sb));
+  IRIns irgc;
+  irgc.ot = IRT(0, IRT_PGC);  /* GC type. */
+  emit_storeofs(as, &irgc, RID_TMP, sb, offsetof(SBuf, L));
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, tmp);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ANDI, tmp, tmp, SBUF_MASK_FLAG);
+  emit_getgl(as, RID_TMP, cur_L);
+  emit_loadofs(as, &irgc, tmp, sb, offsetof(SBuf, L));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* -- Type conversions ---------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void asm_tointg(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, Reg left)
+{
+  Reg tmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_FPR, left));
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR), cmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, dest));
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BEQ, cmp, RID_ZERO);
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FEQ_D, cmp, tmp, left);
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FCVT_D_W, tmp, dest);
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FCVT_W_D, dest, left);
+}
+
+static void asm_tobit(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  RegSet allow = RSET_FPR;
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, allow);
+  Reg right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_clear(allow, left));
+  Reg tmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_clear(allow, right));
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FMV_X_W, dest, tmp);
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FADD_D, tmp, left, right);
+}
+
+static void asm_conv(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  IRType st = (IRType)(ir->op2 & IRCONV_SRCMASK);
+  int st64 = (st == IRT_I64 || st == IRT_U64 || st == IRT_P64);
+  int stfp = (st == IRT_NUM || st == IRT_FLOAT);
+  IRRef lref = ir->op1;
+  lj_assertA(irt_type(ir->t) != st, "inconsistent types for CONV");
+  /* Use GPR to pass floating-point arguments */
+  if (irt_isfp(ir->t) && ir->r >= RID_X10 && ir->r <= RID_X17) {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg ftmp = ra_scratch(as, RSET_FPR);
+    if (stfp) {  /* FP to FP conversion. */
+      emit_ds(as, st == IRT_NUM ? RISCVI_FMV_X_W : RISCVI_FMV_X_D, dest, ftmp);
+      emit_ds(as, st == IRT_NUM ? RISCVI_FCVT_S_D : RISCVI_FCVT_D_S,
+        ftmp, ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_FPR));
+    } else {  /* Integer to FP conversion. */
+      Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_GPR);
+      RISCVIns riscvi = irt_isfloat(ir->t) ?
+  (((IRT_IS64 >> st) & 1) ?
+   (st == IRT_I64 ? RISCVI_FCVT_S_L : RISCVI_FCVT_S_LU) :
+   (st == IRT_INT ? RISCVI_FCVT_S_W : RISCVI_FCVT_S_WU)) :
+  (((IRT_IS64 >> st) & 1) ?
+   (st == IRT_I64 ? RISCVI_FCVT_D_L : RISCVI_FCVT_D_LU) :
+   (st == IRT_INT ? RISCVI_FCVT_D_W : RISCVI_FCVT_D_WU));
+      emit_ds(as, st64 ? RISCVI_FMV_X_D : RISCVI_FMV_X_W, dest, ftmp);
+      emit_ds(as, riscvi, ftmp, left);
+    }
+  } else if (irt_isfp(ir->t)) {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+    if (stfp) {  /* FP to FP conversion. */
+      emit_ds(as, st == IRT_NUM ? RISCVI_FCVT_S_D : RISCVI_FCVT_D_S,
+	      dest, ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_FPR));
+    } else {  /* Integer to FP conversion. */
+      Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_GPR);
+      RISCVIns riscvi = irt_isfloat(ir->t) ?
+  (((IRT_IS64 >> st) & 1) ?
+   (st == IRT_I64 ? RISCVI_FCVT_S_L : RISCVI_FCVT_S_LU) :
+   (st == IRT_INT ? RISCVI_FCVT_S_W : RISCVI_FCVT_S_WU)) :
+  (((IRT_IS64 >> st) & 1) ?
+   (st == IRT_I64 ? RISCVI_FCVT_D_L : RISCVI_FCVT_D_LU) :
+   (st == IRT_INT ? RISCVI_FCVT_D_W : RISCVI_FCVT_D_WU));
+      emit_ds(as, riscvi, dest, left);
+    }
+  } else if (stfp) {  /* FP to integer conversion. */
+    if (irt_isguard(ir->t)) {
+      /* Checked conversions are only supported from number to int. */
+      lj_assertA(irt_isint(ir->t) && st == IRT_NUM,
+		 "bad type for checked CONV");
+      asm_tointg(as, ir, ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_FPR));
+    } else {
+      Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_FPR);
+      Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+      RISCVIns riscvi = irt_is64(ir->t) ?
+  (st == IRT_NUM ?
+   (irt_isi64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FCVT_L_D : RISCVI_FCVT_LU_D) :
+   (irt_isi64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FCVT_L_S : RISCVI_FCVT_LU_S)) :
+  (st == IRT_NUM ?
+   (irt_isint(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FCVT_W_D : RISCVI_FCVT_WU_D) :
+   (irt_isint(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FCVT_W_S : RISCVI_FCVT_WU_S));
+      emit_ds(as, riscvi|RISCVF_RM(RISCVRM_RTZ), dest, left);
+    }
+  } else if (st >= IRT_I8 && st <= IRT_U16) { /* Extend to 32 bit integer. */
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_GPR);
+    RISCVIns riscvi = st == IRT_I8 ? RISCVI_SEXT_B :
+    st == IRT_U8 ? RISCVI_ZEXT_B :
+    st == IRT_I16 ? RISCVI_SEXT_H : RISCVI_ZEXT_H;
+    lj_assertA(irt_isint(ir->t) || irt_isu32(ir->t), "bad type for CONV EXT");
+    emit_ext(as, riscvi, dest, left);
+  } else {  /* 32/64 bit integer conversions. */
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    if (irt_is64(ir->t)) {
+	    if (st64) {
+	/* 64/64 bit no-op (cast)*/
+	ra_leftov(as, dest, lref);  /* Do nothing, but may need to move regs. */
+      } else {  /* 32 to 64 bit sign extension. */
+	Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_GPR);
+	  if ((ir->op2 & IRCONV_SEXT)) {  /* 32 to 64 bit sign extension. */
+	    emit_ext(as, RISCVI_SEXT_W, dest, left);
+	  } else {  /* 32 to 64 bit zero extension. */
+	    emit_ext(as, RISCVI_ZEXT_W, dest, left);
+	  }
+	    }
+    } else {
+	    if (st64 && !(ir->op2 & IRCONV_NONE)) {
+	/* This is either a 32 bit reg/reg mov which zeroes the hiword
+	** or a load of the loword from a 64 bit address.
+	*/
+	Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, lref, RSET_GPR);
+	emit_ext(as, RISCVI_ZEXT_W, dest, left);
+	    } else {  /* 32/32 bit no-op (cast). */
+	ra_leftov(as, dest, lref);  /* Do nothing, but may need to move regs. */
+    	}
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_strto(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  const CCallInfo *ci = &lj_ir_callinfo[IRCALL_lj_strscan_num];
+  IRRef args[2];
+  int32_t ofs = SPOFS_TMP;
+  RegSet drop = RSET_SCRATCH;
+  if (ra_hasreg(ir->r)) rset_set(drop, ir->r);  /* Spill dest reg (if any). */
+  ra_evictset(as, drop);
+  if (ir->s) ofs = sps_scale(ir->s);
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BEQ, RID_RET, RID_ZERO);  /* Test return status. */
+  args[0] = ir->op1;      /* GCstr *str */
+  args[1] = ASMREF_TMP1;  /* TValue *n  */
+  asm_gencall(as, ci, args);
+  /* Store the result to the spill slot or temp slots. */
+  Reg tmp = ra_releasetmp(as, ASMREF_TMP1);
+  emit_opk(as, RISCVI_ADDI, tmp, RID_SP, tmp, ofs);
+}
+
+/* -- Memory references --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Store tagged value for ref at base+ofs. */
+static void asm_tvstore64(ASMState *as, Reg base, int32_t ofs, IRRef ref)
+{
+  RegSet allow = rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, base);
+  IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+  lj_assertA(irt_ispri(ir->t) || irt_isaddr(ir->t) || irt_isinteger(ir->t),
+	     "store of IR type %d", irt_type(ir->t));
+  if (irref_isk(ref)) {
+    TValue k;
+    lj_ir_kvalue(as->J->L, &k, ir);
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD, ra_allock(as, (int64_t)k.u64, allow), base, ofs);
+  } else {
+    Reg src = ra_alloc1(as, ref, allow);
+    rset_clear(allow, src);
+    Reg type = ra_allock(as, (int64_t)irt_toitype(ir->t) << 47, allow);
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD, RID_TMP, base, ofs);
+    if (irt_isinteger(ir->t)) {
+      if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZba) {
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD_UW, RID_TMP, src, type);
+      } else {
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, type);
+  emit_ext(as, RISCVI_ZEXT_W, RID_TMP, src);
+      }
+    } else {
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, RID_TMP, src, type);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* Get pointer to TValue. */
+static void asm_tvptr(ASMState *as, Reg dest, IRRef ref, MSize mode)	// todo-new
+{
+  if ((mode & IRTMPREF_IN1)) {
+    IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+    if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+      if (irref_isk(ref) && !(mode & IRTMPREF_OUT1)) {
+  /* Use the number constant itself as a TValue. */
+  ra_allockreg(as, igcptr(ir_knum(ir)), dest);
+  return;
+      }
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_FSD, ra_alloc1(as, ref, RSET_FPR), dest, 0);
+    } else {
+      asm_tvstore64(as, dest, 0, ref);
+    }
+  }
+  /* g->tmptv holds the TValue(s). */
+  emit_opk(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, RID_GL, dest, offsetof(global_State, tmptv));
+}
+
+static void asm_aref(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg idx, base;
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+    IRRef tab = IR(ir->op1)->op1;
+    int32_t ofs = asm_fuseabase(as, tab);
+    IRRef refa = ofs ? tab : ir->op1;
+    ofs += 8*IR(ir->op2)->i;
+    if (checki12(ofs)) {
+      base = ra_alloc1(as, refa, RSET_GPR);
+      emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, base, ofs);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  base = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+  idx = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, base));
+  emit_sh3add(as, dest, base, idx, RID_TMP);
+}
+
+/* Inlined hash lookup. Specialized for key type and for const keys.
+** The equivalent C code is:
+**   Node *n = hashkey(t, key);
+**   do {
+**     if (lj_obj_equal(&n->key, key)) return &n->val;
+**   } while ((n = nextnode(n)));
+**   return niltv(L);
+*/
+static void asm_href(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, IROp merge)
+{
+  RegSet allow = RSET_GPR;
+  int destused = ra_used(ir);
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, allow);
+  Reg tab = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, rset_clear(allow, dest));
+  Reg key = RID_NONE, type = RID_NONE, tmpnum = RID_NONE, tmp1, tmp2;
+  Reg cmp64 = RID_NONE;
+  IRRef refkey = ir->op2;
+  IRIns *irkey = IR(refkey);
+  int isk = irref_isk(refkey);
+  IRType1 kt = irkey->t;
+  uint32_t khash;
+  MCLabel l_end, l_loop, l_next;
+  rset_clear(allow, tab);
+  tmp1 = ra_scratch(as, allow);
+  rset_clear(allow, tmp1);
+  tmp2 = ra_scratch(as, allow);
+  rset_clear(allow, tmp2);
+
+  if (irt_isnum(kt)) {
+    key = ra_alloc1(as, refkey, RSET_FPR);
+    tmpnum = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_FPR, key));
+  } else {
+    /* Allocate cmp64 register used for 64-bit comparisons */
+    if (!isk && irt_isaddr(kt)) {
+      cmp64 = tmp2;
+    } else {
+      int64_t k;
+      if (isk && irt_isaddr(kt)) {
+	k = ((int64_t)irt_toitype(kt) << 47) | irkey[1].tv.u64;
+      } else {
+	lj_assertA(irt_ispri(kt) && !irt_isnil(kt), "bad HREF key type");
+	k = ~((int64_t)~irt_toitype(kt) << 47);
+      }
+      cmp64 = ra_allock(as, k, allow);
+      rset_clear(allow, cmp64);
+    }
+    if (!irt_ispri(kt)) {
+      key = ra_alloc1(as, refkey, allow);
+      rset_clear(allow, key);
+    }
+  } 
+
+  /* Key not found in chain: jump to exit (if merged) or load niltv. */
+  l_end = emit_label(as);
+  int is_lend_exit = 0;
+  as->invmcp = NULL;
+  if (merge == IR_NE)
+    asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BEQ, RID_ZERO, RID_ZERO);
+  else if (destused)
+    emit_loada(as, dest, niltvg(J2G(as->J)));
+
+  /* Follow hash chain until the end. */
+  l_loop = --as->mcp;
+  emit_mv(as, dest, tmp1);
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, tmp1, dest, (int32_t)offsetof(Node, next));
+  l_next = emit_label(as);
+
+  /* Type and value comparison. */
+  if (merge == IR_EQ) {  /* Must match asm_guard(). */
+    l_end = asm_exitstub_addr(as, as->snapno);
+    is_lend_exit = 1;
+  }
+  if (irt_isnum(kt)) {
+    emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BNE, tmp1, RID_ZERO, l_end, is_lend_exit);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FEQ_D, tmp1, tmpnum, key);
+    emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BEQ, tmp1, RID_ZERO, l_next, -1);
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_SLTIU, tmp1, tmp1, ((int32_t)LJ_TISNUM));
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, tmp1, tmp1, 47);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FMV_D_X, tmpnum, tmp1);
+  } else {
+    emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BEQ, tmp1, cmp64, l_end, is_lend_exit);
+  }
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, tmp1, dest, (int32_t)offsetof(Node, key.u64));
+  *l_loop = RISCVI_BNE | RISCVF_S1(tmp1) | RISCVF_S2(RID_ZERO)
+          | RISCVF_IMMB((char *)as->mcp-(char *)l_loop);
+  if (!isk && irt_isaddr(kt)) {
+    type = ra_allock(as, (int64_t)irt_toitype(kt) << 47, allow);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, tmp2, key, type);
+    rset_clear(allow, type);
+  }
+
+  /* Load main position relative to tab->node into dest. */
+  khash = isk ? ir_khash(as, irkey) : 1;
+  if (khash == 0) {
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, dest, tab, (int32_t)offsetof(GCtab, node));
+  } else {
+    Reg tmphash = tmp1;
+    if (isk)
+      tmphash = ra_allock(as, khash, allow);
+    /* node = tab->node + (idx*32-idx*8) */
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, dest, dest, tmp1);
+    lj_assertA(sizeof(Node) == 24, "bad Node size");
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SUBW, tmp1, tmp2, tmp1);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLIW, tmp1, tmp1, 3);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLIW, tmp2, tmp1, 5);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, tmp1, tmp2, tmphash);	// idx = hi & tab->hmask
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, dest, tab, (int32_t)offsetof(GCtab, node));
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LW, tmp2, tab, (int32_t)offsetof(GCtab, hmask));
+    if (isk) {
+      /* Nothing to do. */
+    } else if (irt_isstr(kt)) {
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LW, tmp1, key, (int32_t)offsetof(GCstr, sid));
+    } else {  /* Must match with hash*() in lj_tab.c. */
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SUBW, tmp1, tmp1, tmp2);
+      emit_roti(as, RISCVI_RORIW, tmp2, tmp2, dest, (-HASH_ROT3)&0x1f);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, tmp1, tmp1, tmp2);
+      emit_roti(as, RISCVI_RORIW, tmp1, tmp1, dest, (-HASH_ROT2-HASH_ROT1)&0x1f);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SUBW, tmp2, tmp2, dest);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, tmp2, tmp2, tmp1);
+      emit_roti(as, RISCVI_RORIW, dest, tmp1, RID_TMP, (-HASH_ROT1)&0x1f);
+      if (irt_isnum(kt)) {
+	emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLIW, tmp1, tmp1, 1);
+	emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, tmp1, tmp1, 32);	// hi
+	emit_ext(as, RISCVI_SEXT_W, tmp2, tmp1);	// lo
+	emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FMV_X_D, tmp1, key);
+      } else {
+	checkmclim(as);
+	emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, tmp1, tmp1, 32);	// hi
+	emit_ext(as, RISCVI_SEXT_W, tmp2, key);	// lo
+	emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, tmp1, key, type);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_hrefk(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  IRIns *kslot = IR(ir->op2);
+  IRIns *irkey = IR(kslot->op1);
+  int32_t ofs = (int32_t)(kslot->op2 * sizeof(Node));
+  int32_t kofs = ofs + (int32_t)offsetof(Node, key);
+  int bigofs = !checki12(kofs);
+  Reg dest = (ra_used(ir) || bigofs) ? ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR) : RID_NONE;
+  Reg node = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+  RegSet allow = rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, node);
+  Reg idx = node;
+  int64_t k;
+  lj_assertA(ofs % sizeof(Node) == 0, "unaligned HREFK slot");
+  if (bigofs) {
+    idx = dest;
+    rset_clear(allow, dest);
+    kofs = (int32_t)offsetof(Node, key);
+  } else if (ra_hasreg(dest)) {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, node, ofs);
+  }
+  if (irt_ispri(irkey->t)) {
+    lj_assertA(!irt_isnil(irkey->t), "bad HREFK key type");
+    k = ~((int64_t)~irt_toitype(irkey->t) << 47);
+  } else if (irt_isnum(irkey->t)) {
+    k = (int64_t)ir_knum(irkey)->u64;
+  } else {
+    k = ((int64_t)irt_toitype(irkey->t) << 47) | (int64_t)ir_kgc(irkey);
+  }
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP, ra_allock(as, k, allow));
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, RID_TMP, idx, kofs);
+  if (bigofs)
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, dest, node, ra_allock(as, ofs, allow));
+}
+
+static void asm_uref(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  int guarded = (irt_t(ir->t) & (IRT_GUARD|IRT_TYPE)) == (IRT_GUARD|IRT_PGC);
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op1) && !guarded) {
+    GCfunc *fn = ir_kfunc(IR(ir->op1));
+    MRef *v = &gcref(fn->l.uvptr[(ir->op2 >> 8)])->uv.v;
+    emit_lsptr(as, RISCVI_LD, dest, v, RSET_GPR);
+  } else {
+    if (guarded)
+      asm_guard(as, ir->o == IR_UREFC ? RISCVI_BEQ : RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+    if (ir->o == IR_UREFC)
+      emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, dest, (int32_t)offsetof(GCupval, tv));
+    else
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, dest, dest, (int32_t)offsetof(GCupval, v));
+    if (guarded)
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LBU, RID_TMP, dest, (int32_t)offsetof(GCupval, closed));
+    if (irref_isk(ir->op1)) {
+      GCfunc *fn = ir_kfunc(IR(ir->op1));
+      GCobj *o = gcref(fn->l.uvptr[(ir->op2 >> 8)]);
+      emit_loada(as, dest, o);
+    } else {
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, dest, ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR),
+         (int32_t)offsetof(GCfuncL, uvptr) +
+         (int32_t)sizeof(MRef) * (int32_t)(ir->op2 >> 8));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_fref(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  UNUSED(as); UNUSED(ir);
+  lj_assertA(!ra_used(ir), "unfused FREF");
+}
+
+static void asm_strref(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  RegSet allow = RSET_GPR;
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, allow);
+  Reg base = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, allow);
+  IRIns *irr = IR(ir->op2);
+  int32_t ofs = sizeof(GCstr);
+  rset_clear(allow, base);
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op2) && checki12(ofs + irr->i)) {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, base, ofs + irr->i);
+  } else {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, dest, ofs);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, dest, base, ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, allow));
+  }
+}
+
+/* -- Loads and stores ---------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static RISCVIns asm_fxloadins(IRIns *ir)
+{
+  switch (irt_type(ir->t)) {
+  case IRT_I8: return RISCVI_LB;
+  case IRT_U8: return RISCVI_LBU;
+  case IRT_I16: return RISCVI_LH;
+  case IRT_U16: return RISCVI_LHU;
+  case IRT_NUM: return RISCVI_FLD;
+  case IRT_FLOAT: return RISCVI_FLW;
+  default: return irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_LD : RISCVI_LW;
+  }
+}
+
+static RISCVIns asm_fxstoreins(IRIns *ir)
+{
+  switch (irt_type(ir->t)) {
+  case IRT_I8: case IRT_U8: return RISCVI_SB;
+  case IRT_I16: case IRT_U16: return RISCVI_SH;
+  case IRT_NUM: return RISCVI_FSD;
+  case IRT_FLOAT: return RISCVI_FSW;
+  default: return irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_SD : RISCVI_SW;
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_fload(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  RegSet allow = RSET_GPR;
+  Reg idx, dest = ra_dest(as, ir, allow);
+  rset_clear(allow, dest);
+  RISCVIns riscvi = asm_fxloadins(ir);
+  int32_t ofs;
+  if (ir->op1 == REF_NIL) {  /* FLOAD from GG_State with offset. */
+    idx = RID_GL;
+    ofs = (ir->op2 << 2) - GG_OFS(g);
+  } else {
+    idx = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, allow);
+    if (ir->op2 == IRFL_TAB_ARRAY) {
+      ofs = asm_fuseabase(as, ir->op1);
+      if (ofs) {  /* Turn the t->array load into an add for colocated arrays. */
+	emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, idx, ofs);
+	return;
+      }
+    }
+    ofs = field_ofs[ir->op2];
+    lj_assertA(!irt_isfp(ir->t), "bad FP FLOAD");
+  }
+  rset_clear(allow, idx);
+  emit_lso(as, riscvi, dest, idx, ofs);
+}
+
+static void asm_fstore(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  if (ir->r != RID_SINK) {
+    Reg src = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op2, RSET_GPR);
+    IRIns *irf = IR(ir->op1);
+    Reg idx = ra_alloc1(as, irf->op1, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, src));
+    int32_t ofs = field_ofs[irf->op2];
+    lj_assertA(!irt_isfp(ir->t), "bad FP FSTORE");
+    emit_lso(as, asm_fxstoreins(ir), src, idx, ofs);
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_xload(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, (irt_isfp(ir->t)) ? RSET_FPR : RSET_GPR);
+  lj_assertA(LJ_TARGET_UNALIGNED || !(ir->op2 & IRXLOAD_UNALIGNED),
+	     "unaligned XLOAD");
+  asm_fusexref(as, asm_fxloadins(ir), dest, ir->op1, RSET_GPR, 0);
+}
+
+static void asm_xstore_(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  if (ir->r != RID_SINK) {
+    Reg src = ra_alloc1z(as, ir->op2, irt_isfp(ir->t) ? RSET_FPR : RSET_GPR);
+    asm_fusexref(as, asm_fxstoreins(ir), src, ir->op1,
+	  	 rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, src), ofs);
+  }
+}
+
+#define asm_xstore(as, ir)	asm_xstore_(as, ir, 0)
+
+static void asm_ahuvload(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = RID_NONE, type = RID_TMP, idx;
+  RegSet allow = RSET_GPR;
+  int32_t ofs = 0;
+  IRType1 t = ir->t;
+  if (ra_used(ir)) {
+    lj_assertA((irt_isnum(ir->t)) || irt_isint(ir->t) || irt_isaddr(ir->t),
+	       "bad load type %d", irt_type(ir->t));
+    dest = ra_dest(as, ir, irt_isnum(t) ? RSET_FPR : allow);
+    rset_clear(allow, dest);
+    if (irt_isaddr(t)) {
+      emit_cleartp(as, dest, dest);
+    } else if (irt_isint(t))
+      emit_ext(as, RISCVI_SEXT_W, dest, dest);
+  }
+  idx = asm_fuseahuref(as, ir->op1, &ofs, allow);
+  if (ir->o == IR_VLOAD) ofs += 8 * ir->op2;
+  rset_clear(allow, idx);
+  if (irt_isnum(t)) {
+    asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BEQ, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_SLTIU, RID_TMP, type, (int32_t)LJ_TISNUM);
+  } else {
+    asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, type,
+	      ra_allock(as, (int32_t)irt_toitype(t), allow));
+  }
+  if (ra_hasreg(dest)) {
+    if (irt_isnum(t)) {
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_FLD, dest, idx, ofs);
+      dest = type;
+    }
+  } else {
+    dest = type;
+  }
+  emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, type, dest, 47);
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, dest, idx, ofs);
+}
+
+static void asm_ahustore(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  RegSet allow = RSET_GPR;
+  Reg idx, src = RID_NONE, type = RID_NONE;
+  int32_t ofs = 0;
+  if (ir->r == RID_SINK)
+    return;
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+    src = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, RSET_FPR);
+    idx = asm_fuseahuref(as, ir->op1, &ofs, allow);
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_FSD, src, idx, ofs);
+  } else {
+    Reg tmp = RID_TMP;
+    if (irt_ispri(ir->t)) {
+      tmp = ra_allock(as, ~((int64_t)~irt_toitype(ir->t) << 47), allow);
+      rset_clear(allow, tmp);
+    } else {
+      src = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, allow);
+      rset_clear(allow, src);
+      type = ra_allock(as, (int64_t)irt_toitype(ir->t) << 47, allow);
+      rset_clear(allow, type);
+    }
+    idx = asm_fuseahuref(as, ir->op1, &ofs, allow);
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD, tmp, idx, ofs);
+    if (ra_hasreg(src)) {
+      if (irt_isinteger(ir->t)) {
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZba) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD_UW, tmp, src, type);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, tmp, tmp, type);
+    emit_ext(as, RISCVI_ZEXT_W, tmp, src);
+  }
+      } else {
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, tmp, src, type);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_sload(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = RID_NONE, type = RID_NONE, base;
+  RegSet allow = RSET_GPR;
+  IRType1 t = ir->t;
+  int32_t ofs = 8*((int32_t)ir->op1-2);
+  lj_assertA(checki12(ofs), "sload IR operand out of range");
+  lj_assertA(!(ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_PARENT),
+	     "bad parent SLOAD");  /* Handled by asm_head_side(). */
+  lj_assertA(irt_isguard(t) || !(ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_TYPECHECK),
+	     "inconsistent SLOAD variant");
+  if ((ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_CONVERT) && irt_isguard(t) && irt_isint(t)) {
+    dest = ra_scratch(as, RSET_FPR);
+    asm_tointg(as, ir, dest);
+    t.irt = IRT_NUM;  /* Continue with a regular number type check. */
+  } else if (ra_used(ir)) {
+    Reg tmp = RID_NONE;
+    if ((ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_CONVERT))
+      tmp = ra_scratch(as, irt_isint(t) ? RSET_FPR : RSET_GPR);
+    lj_assertA((irt_isnum(t)) || irt_isint(t) || irt_isaddr(t),
+	       "bad SLOAD type %d", irt_type(t));
+    dest = ra_dest(as, ir, irt_isnum(t) ? RSET_FPR : allow);
+    rset_clear(allow, dest);
+    base = ra_alloc1(as, REF_BASE, allow);
+    rset_clear(allow, base);
+    if (irt_isaddr(t)) { /* Clear type from pointers. */
+      emit_cleartp(as, dest, dest);
+    } else if (ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_CONVERT) {
+      if (irt_isint(t)) {
+	emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FCVT_W_D|RISCVF_RM(RISCVRM_RTZ), dest, tmp);
+  /* If value is already loaded for type check, move it to FPR. */
+	if ((ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_TYPECHECK))
+	  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FMV_D_X, tmp, dest);
+	else
+	  dest = tmp;
+	t.irt = IRT_NUM;  /* Check for original type. */
+      } else {
+	emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FCVT_D_W, dest, tmp);
+	dest = tmp;
+	t.irt = IRT_INT;  /* Check for original type. */
+      }
+    } else if (irt_isint(t) && (ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_TYPECHECK)) {
+      /* Sign-extend integers. */
+      emit_ext(as, RISCVI_SEXT_W, dest, dest);
+    }
+    goto dotypecheck;
+  }
+  base = ra_alloc1(as, REF_BASE, allow);
+  rset_clear(allow, base);
+dotypecheck:
+  if ((ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_TYPECHECK)) {
+    type = dest < RID_MAX_GPR ? dest : RID_TMP;
+    if (irt_ispri(t)) {
+      asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, type,
+		ra_allock(as, ~((int64_t)~irt_toitype(t) << 47) , allow));
+    } else if ((ir->op2 & IRSLOAD_KEYINDEX)) {
+      asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP,
+               ra_allock(as, (int32_t)LJ_KEYINDEX, allow));
+      emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, RID_TMP, type, 32);
+    } else {
+      if (irt_isnum(t)) {
+        asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BEQ, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+        emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_SLTIU, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, LJ_TISNUM);
+	if (ra_hasreg(dest)) {
+	  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_FLD, dest, base, ofs);
+	}
+      } else {
+	asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP,
+		  ra_allock(as, (int32_t)irt_toitype(t), allow));
+      }
+      emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, RID_TMP, type, 47);
+    }
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, type, base, ofs);
+  } else if (ra_hasreg(dest)) {
+    emit_lso(as, irt_isnum(t) ? RISCVI_FLD :
+             irt_isint(t) ? RISCVI_LW : RISCVI_LD,
+             dest, base, ofs);
+  }
+}
+
+/* -- Allocations --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#if LJ_HASFFI
+static void asm_cnew(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  CTState *cts = ctype_ctsG(J2G(as->J));
+  CTypeID id = (CTypeID)IR(ir->op1)->i;
+  CTSize sz;
+  CTInfo info = lj_ctype_info(cts, id, &sz);
+  const CCallInfo *ci = &lj_ir_callinfo[IRCALL_lj_mem_newgco];
+  IRRef args[4];
+  RegSet drop = RSET_SCRATCH;
+  lj_assertA(sz != CTSIZE_INVALID || (ir->o == IR_CNEW && ir->op2 != REF_NIL),
+	     "bad CNEW/CNEWI operands");
+
+  as->gcsteps++;
+  if (ra_hasreg(ir->r))
+    rset_clear(drop, ir->r);  /* Dest reg handled below. */
+  ra_evictset(as, drop);
+  if (ra_used(ir))
+    ra_destreg(as, ir, RID_RET);  /* GCcdata * */
+
+  /* Initialize immutable cdata object. */
+  if (ir->o == IR_CNEWI) {
+    RegSet allow = (RSET_GPR & ~RSET_SCRATCH);
+    emit_lso(as, sz == 8 ? RISCVI_SD : RISCVI_SW, ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, allow),
+	     RID_RET, (sizeof(GCcdata)));
+    lj_assertA(sz == 4 || sz == 8, "bad CNEWI size %d", sz);
+  } else if (ir->op2 != REF_NIL) {  /* Create VLA/VLS/aligned cdata. */
+    ci = &lj_ir_callinfo[IRCALL_lj_cdata_newv];
+    args[0] = ASMREF_L;     /* lua_State *L */
+    args[1] = ir->op1;      /* CTypeID id   */
+    args[2] = ir->op2;      /* CTSize sz    */
+    args[3] = ASMREF_TMP1;  /* CTSize align */
+    asm_gencall(as, ci, args);
+    emit_loadi(as, ra_releasetmp(as, ASMREF_TMP1), (int32_t)ctype_align(info));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  /* Initialize gct and ctypeid. lj_mem_newgco() already sets marked. */
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SB, RID_RET+1, RID_RET, (offsetof(GCcdata, gct)));
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SH, RID_TMP, RID_RET, (offsetof(GCcdata, ctypeid)));
+  emit_loadk12(as, RID_RET+1, ~LJ_TCDATA);
+  emit_loadk32(as, RID_TMP, id);
+  args[0] = ASMREF_L;     /* lua_State *L */
+  args[1] = ASMREF_TMP1;  /* MSize size   */
+  asm_gencall(as, ci, args);
+  ra_allockreg(as, (int32_t)(sz+sizeof(GCcdata)),
+         ra_releasetmp(as, ASMREF_TMP1));
+}
+#endif
+
+/* -- Write barriers ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+static void asm_tbar(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg tab = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg mark = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, tab));
+  Reg link = RID_TMP;
+  MCLabel l_end = emit_label(as);
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD, link, tab, (int32_t)offsetof(GCtab, gclist));
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SB, mark, tab, (int32_t)offsetof(GCtab, marked));
+  emit_setgl(as, tab, gc.grayagain);	// make tab gray again
+  emit_getgl(as, link, gc.grayagain);
+  emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BEQ, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO, l_end, -1);	// black: not jump
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, mark, mark, RID_TMP);	// mark=0: gray
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ANDI, RID_TMP, mark, LJ_GC_BLACK);
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LBU, mark, tab, ((int32_t)offsetof(GCtab, marked)));
+}
+
+static void asm_obar(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  const CCallInfo *ci = &lj_ir_callinfo[IRCALL_lj_gc_barrieruv];
+  IRRef args[2];
+  MCLabel l_end;
+  Reg obj, val, tmp;
+  /* No need for other object barriers (yet). */
+  lj_assertA(IR(ir->op1)->o == IR_UREFC, "bad OBAR type");	// Closed upvalue
+  ra_evictset(as, RSET_SCRATCH);
+  l_end = emit_label(as);
+  args[0] = ASMREF_TMP1;  /* global_State *g */
+  args[1] = ir->op1;      /* TValue *tv      */
+  asm_gencall(as, ci, args);
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_MV, ra_releasetmp(as, ASMREF_TMP1), RID_GL);
+  obj = IR(ir->op1)->r;
+  tmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, obj));
+  emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BEQ, tmp, RID_ZERO, l_end, -1);
+  emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BEQ, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO, l_end, -1);	// black: jump
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ANDI, tmp, tmp, LJ_GC_BLACK);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ANDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, LJ_GC_WHITES);
+  val = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, obj));
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LBU, tmp, obj,
+	   ((int32_t)offsetof(GCupval, marked)-(int32_t)offsetof(GCupval, tv)));
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LBU, RID_TMP, val, ((int32_t)offsetof(GChead, marked)));
+}
+
+/* -- Arithmetic and logic operations ------------------------------------- */
+
+static void asm_fparith(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+  Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+  right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+  emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, dest, left, right);
+}
+
+static void asm_fpunary(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+  Reg left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_FPR);
+  switch(riscvi) {
+    case RISCVI_FROUND_S_RTZ: case RISCVI_FROUND_S_RDN: case RISCVI_FROUND_S_RUP:
+    case RISCVI_FROUND_D_RTZ: case RISCVI_FROUND_D_RDN: case RISCVI_FROUND_D_RUP:
+    case RISCVI_FSQRT_S: case RISCVI_FSQRT_D:
+      emit_ds(as, riscvi, dest, left);
+      break;
+    case RISCVI_FMV_S: case RISCVI_FMV_D:
+    case RISCVI_FABS_S: case RISCVI_FABS_D:
+    case RISCVI_FNEG_S: case RISCVI_FNEG_D:
+      emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, dest, left, left);
+      break;
+    default:
+      lj_assertA(0, "bad fp unary instruction");
+      return;
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_fpround(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+  Reg left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_FPR);
+  MCLabel l_end = emit_label(as);
+
+  if (dest != left) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FSGNJ_D, dest, dest, left);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FCVT_D_L, dest, RID_TMP);
+  } else {
+    Reg ftmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(RSET_FPR, dest));
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FSGNJ_D, dest, ftmp, left);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FCVT_D_L, ftmp, RID_TMP);
+  }
+  emit_ds(as, riscvi, RID_TMP, left);
+  emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BLT, RID_ZERO, RID_TMP, l_end, 0);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, -1075);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ANDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, 0x7ff);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_SRLI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, 52);
+  if (dest != left) 
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FMV_D, dest, left, left);
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FMV_X_D, RID_TMP, left);
+}
+
+static void asm_fpmath(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  IRFPMathOp fpm = (IRFPMathOp)ir->op2;
+  if (fpm <= IRFPM_TRUNC)
+    if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZfa) {
+      asm_fpunary(as, ir, fpm == IRFPM_FLOOR ? RISCVI_FROUND_D_RDN :
+        fpm == IRFPM_CEIL ? RISCVI_FROUND_D_RUP : RISCVI_FROUND_D_RTZ);
+    } else {
+      asm_fpround(as, ir, fpm == IRFPM_FLOOR ? RISCVI_FCVT_L_D | RISCVF_RM(RISCVRM_RDN) :
+        fpm == IRFPM_CEIL ? RISCVI_FCVT_L_D | RISCVF_RM(RISCVRM_RUP) :
+          RISCVI_FCVT_L_D | RISCVF_RM(RISCVRM_RTZ));
+    }
+  else if (fpm == IRFPM_SQRT)
+    asm_fpunary(as, ir, RISCVI_FSQRT_D);
+  else
+    asm_callid(as, ir, IRCALL_lj_vm_floor + fpm);
+}
+
+static void asm_add(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  IRType1 t = ir->t;
+  if (irt_isnum(t)) {
+    if (!asm_fusemadd(as, ir, RISCVI_FMADD_D, RISCVI_FMADD_D))
+      asm_fparith(as, ir, RISCVI_FADD_D);
+    return;
+  } else {
+    if ((as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) && asm_fusemac(as, ir, RISCVI_TH_MULA))
+      return;
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_GPR);
+    if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+      intptr_t k = get_kval(as, ir->op2);
+      if (checki12(k)) {
+  if (irt_is64(t)) {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, left, k);
+  } else {
+	  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDIW, dest, left, k);
+  }
+	return;
+      }
+    }
+    Reg right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+    emit_ds1s2(as, irt_is64(t) ? RISCVI_ADD : RISCVI_ADDW, dest,
+	     left, right);
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_sub(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+    if (!asm_fusemadd(as, ir, RISCVI_FMSUB_D, RISCVI_FNMSUB_D))
+      asm_fparith(as, ir, RISCVI_FSUB_D);
+    return;
+  } else {
+    if ((as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) && asm_fusemac(as, ir, RISCVI_TH_MULS))
+      return;
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    emit_ds1s2(as, irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_SUB : RISCVI_SUBW, dest,
+	     left, right);
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_mul(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+    asm_fparith(as, ir, RISCVI_FMUL_D);
+  } else {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    emit_ds1s2(as, irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_MUL : RISCVI_MULW, dest,
+	     left, right);
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_fpdiv(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+    asm_fparith(as, ir, RISCVI_FDIV_D);
+}
+
+static void asm_neg(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+    asm_fpunary(as, ir, RISCVI_FNEG_D);
+  } else {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_GPR);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_SUB : RISCVI_SUBW, dest,
+	     RID_ZERO, left);
+  }
+}
+
+#define asm_abs(as, ir)		asm_fpunary(as, ir, RISCVI_FABS_D)
+
+static void asm_arithov(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg right, left, tmp, dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  lj_assertA(!irt_is64(ir->t), "bad usage");
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+    int k = IR(ir->op2)->i;
+    if (ir->o == IR_SUBOV) k = (int)(~(unsigned int)k+1u);
+    if (checki12(k)) {	/* (dest < left) == (k >= 0 ? 1 : 0) */
+      left = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+      asm_guard(as, k >= 0 ? RISCVI_BLT : RISCVI_BGE, dest, dest == left ? RID_TMP : left);
+      emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, dest, left, k);
+      if (dest == left) emit_mv(as, RID_TMP, left);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+  tmp = ra_scratch(as, rset_exclude(rset_exclude(rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left),
+						 right), dest));
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BLT, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, tmp);
+  if (ir->o == IR_ADDOV) {  /* ((dest^left) & (dest^right)) < 0 */
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, RID_TMP, dest, dest == right ? RID_TMP : right);
+  } else {  /* ((dest^left) & (dest^~right)) < 0 */
+    emit_xnor(as, RID_TMP, dest, dest == right ? RID_TMP : right);
+  }
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, tmp, dest, dest == left ? RID_TMP : left);
+  emit_ds1s2(as, ir->o == IR_ADDOV ? RISCVI_ADDW : RISCVI_SUBW, dest, left, right);
+  if (dest == left || dest == right)
+    emit_mv(as, RID_TMP, dest == left ? left : right);
+}
+
+#define asm_addov(as, ir)	asm_arithov(as, ir)
+#define asm_subov(as, ir)	asm_arithov(as, ir)
+
+static void asm_mulov(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, dest, RID_TMP);
+  emit_ext(as, RISCVI_SEXT_W, dest, RID_TMP);	// dest: [31:0]+signextend
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_MUL, RID_TMP, left, right);	// RID_TMP: [63:0]
+}
+
+static void asm_bnot(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg left, right, dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  IRIns *irl = IR(ir->op1);
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb && mayfuse(as, ir->op1) && irl->o == IR_BXOR) {
+    left = ra_alloc2(as, irl, RSET_GPR);
+    right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XNOR, dest, left, right);
+  } else {
+    left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_GPR);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_NOT, dest, left);
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_bswap(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+  RegSet allow = rset_exclude(rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, dest), left);
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+    if (!irt_is64(ir->t))
+      emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRAI, dest, dest, 32);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_REV8, dest, left);
+  } else if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) {
+    emit_ds(as, irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_TH_REV : RISCVI_TH_REVW,
+       dest, left);
+  } else if (irt_is64(ir->t)) {
+    Reg tmp1, tmp2, tmp3, tmp4;
+    tmp1 = ra_scratch(as, allow), allow = rset_exclude(allow, tmp1);
+    tmp2 = ra_scratch(as, allow), allow = rset_exclude(allow, tmp2);
+    tmp3 = ra_scratch(as, allow), allow = rset_exclude(allow, tmp3);
+    tmp4 = ra_scratch(as, allow);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, dest, dest, tmp4);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, dest, dest, tmp3);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, dest, dest, tmp2);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, tmp4, tmp4, 40);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, dest, left, 56);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, tmp3, tmp1, tmp3);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, tmp4, left, RID_TMP);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, tmp3, tmp3, 32);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, tmp1, tmp1, 24);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLIW, tmp3, left, 24);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, tmp2, tmp3, tmp2);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, tmp1, left, tmp1);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, tmp3, tmp4, tmp3);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, tmp4, tmp4, 24);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLIW, tmp4, tmp4, 24);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, tmp3, tmp3, tmp1);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLI, tmp4, left, 8);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLI, tmp3, left, 24);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
+    emit_du(as, RISCVI_LUI, tmp1, RISCVF_HI(0xff0000u));
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, tmp2, tmp2, RID_TMP);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLI, tmp3, left, 56);
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, RISCVF_LO(0xff00));
+    emit_du(as, RISCVI_LUI, RID_TMP, RISCVF_HI(0xff00u));
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLI, tmp2, left, 40);
+  } else {
+    Reg tmp1, tmp2;
+    tmp1 = ra_scratch(as, allow), allow = rset_exclude(allow, tmp1);
+    tmp2 = ra_scratch(as, allow);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, dest, dest, tmp2);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, dest, dest, tmp1);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, tmp2, RID_TMP, 8);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLIW, dest, left, 24);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, tmp1, tmp1, tmp2);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, RID_TMP, left, RID_TMP);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, tmp1, tmp1, RID_TMP);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLIW, tmp2, left, 24);
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, RISCVF_LO(0xff00));
+    emit_du(as, RISCVI_LUI, RID_TMP, RISCVF_HI(0xff00u));
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLI, tmp1, left, 8);
+  }
+}
+
+static void asm_bitop(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi, RISCVIns riscvik, RISCVIns riscvin)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg left, right;
+  IRIns *irl = IR(ir->op1), *irr = IR(ir->op2);
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+    intptr_t k = get_kval(as, ir->op2);
+    if (checki12(k)) {
+      left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_GPR);
+      emit_dsi(as, riscvik, dest, left, k);
+      return;
+    }
+  } else if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+    if (mayfuse(as, ir->op1) && irl->o == IR_BNOT) {
+      left = ra_alloc1(as, irl->op1, RSET_GPR);
+      right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+      emit_ds1s2(as, riscvin, dest, right, left);
+      return;
+    } else if (mayfuse(as, ir->op2) && irr->o == IR_BNOT) {
+      left = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+      right = ra_alloc1(as, irr->op1, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+      emit_ds1s2(as, riscvin, dest, left, right);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_GPR);
+  right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+  emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, dest, left, right);
+}
+
+#define asm_band(as, ir)	asm_bitop(as, ir, RISCVI_AND, RISCVI_ANDI, RISCVI_ANDN)
+#define asm_bor(as, ir)	asm_bitop(as, ir, RISCVI_OR, RISCVI_ORI, RISCVI_ORN)
+#define asm_bxor(as, ir)	asm_bitop(as, ir, RISCVI_XOR, RISCVI_XORI, RISCVI_XNOR)
+
+static void asm_bitshift(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, RISCVIns riscvi, RISCVIns riscvik)
+{
+  Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+  Reg left = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+  uint32_t shmsk = irt_is64(ir->t) ? 63 : 31;
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {  /* Constant shifts. */
+    uint32_t shift = (uint32_t)(IR(ir->op2)->i & shmsk);
+    switch (riscvik) {
+      case RISCVI_SRAI: case RISCVI_SRLI: case RISCVI_SLLI:
+      case RISCVI_SRAIW: case RISCVI_SLLIW: case RISCVI_SRLIW:
+        emit_dsshamt(as, riscvik, dest, left, shift);
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ADDI: shift = (-shift) & shmsk;
+      case RISCVI_RORI:
+        emit_roti(as, RISCVI_RORI, dest, left, RID_TMP, shift);
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ADDIW: shift = (-shift) & shmsk;
+      case RISCVI_RORIW:
+        emit_roti(as, RISCVI_RORIW, dest, left, RID_TMP, shift);
+        break;
+      default:
+        lj_assertA(0, "bad shift instruction");
+        return;
+    }
+  } else {
+    Reg right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+    switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_SRA: case RISCVI_SRL: case RISCVI_SLL:
+      case RISCVI_SRAW: case RISCVI_SRLW: case RISCVI_SLLW:
+        emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, dest, left, right);
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ROR: case RISCVI_ROL:
+      case RISCVI_RORW: case RISCVI_ROLW:
+        emit_rot(as, riscvi, dest, left, right, RID_TMP);
+        break;
+      default:
+        lj_assertA(0, "bad shift instruction");
+        return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#define asm_bshl(as, ir)	(irt_is64(ir->t) ? \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_SLL, RISCVI_SLLI) : \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_SLLW, RISCVI_SLLIW))
+#define asm_bshr(as, ir)	(irt_is64(ir->t) ? \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_SRL, RISCVI_SRLI) : \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_SRLW, RISCVI_SRLIW))
+#define asm_bsar(as, ir)	(irt_is64(ir->t) ? \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_SRA, RISCVI_SRAI) : \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_SRAW, RISCVI_SRAIW))
+#define asm_brol(as, ir)	(irt_is64(ir->t) ? \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_ROL, RISCVI_ADDI) : \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_ROLW, RISCVI_ADDIW))
+  // ROLI -> ADDI, ROLIW -> ADDIW; Hacky but works.
+#define asm_bror(as, ir)	(irt_is64(ir->t) ? \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_ROR, RISCVI_RORI) : \
+  asm_bitshift(as, ir, RISCVI_RORW, RISCVI_RORIW))
+
+static void asm_min_max(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, int ismax)
+{
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+    MCLabel l_ret_left, l_end;
+    Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+    right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    l_end = emit_label(as);
+
+    if (dest != left)
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FMV_D, dest, left, left);
+    l_ret_left = emit_label(as);
+
+    if (dest != left)
+      emit_jump(as, l_end, -1);
+    if (dest != right)
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FMV_D, dest, right, right);
+
+    emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO, l_ret_left, -1);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FLT_D, RID_TMP, ismax ? right : left,
+	       ismax ? left : right);
+  } else {
+    Reg dest = ra_dest(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg left = ra_hintalloc(as, ir->op1, dest, RSET_GPR);
+    Reg right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+    if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+      emit_ds1s2(as, ismax ? RISCVI_MAX : RISCVI_MIN, dest, left, right);
+    } else {
+      if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) {
+  if (left == right) {
+    if (dest != left) emit_mv(as, dest, left);
+  } else {
+    if (dest == left) {
+	    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_TH_MVNEZ, dest, right, RID_TMP);
+    } else {
+	    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_TH_MVEQZ, dest, left, RID_TMP);
+	    if (dest != right) emit_mv(as, dest, right);
+    }
+  }
+      } else if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZicond) {
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, dest, dest, RID_TMP);
+  if (dest != right) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_CZERO_EQZ, RID_TMP, right, RID_TMP);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_CZERO_NEZ, dest, left, RID_TMP);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_CZERO_NEZ, RID_TMP, left, RID_TMP);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_CZERO_EQZ, dest, right, RID_TMP);
+  }
+      } else {
+  if (dest != right) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, dest, right, dest);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, dest, dest, RID_TMP);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, dest, right, left);
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, -1);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, dest, left, dest);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, dest, dest, RID_TMP);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, dest, left, right);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SUB, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO, RID_TMP);
+  }
+      }
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SLT, RID_TMP,
+         ismax ? left : right, ismax ? right : left);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#define asm_min(as, ir)		asm_min_max(as, ir, 0)
+#define asm_max(as, ir)		asm_min_max(as, ir, 1)
+
+/* -- Comparisons --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* FP comparisons. */
+static void asm_fpcomp(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  IROp op = ir->o;
+  Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_FPR);
+  right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+  asm_guard(as, (op < IR_EQ ? (op&4) : (op&1))
+            ? RISCVI_BNE : RISCVI_BEQ, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+  switch (op) {
+    case IR_LT: case IR_UGE:
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FLT_D, RID_TMP, left, right);
+      break;
+    case IR_LE: case IR_UGT: case IR_ABC:
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FLE_D, RID_TMP, left, right);
+      break;
+    case IR_GT: case IR_ULE:
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FLT_D, RID_TMP, right, left);
+      break;
+    case IR_GE: case IR_ULT:
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FLE_D, RID_TMP, right, left);
+      break;
+    case IR_EQ: case IR_NE:
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FEQ_D, RID_TMP, left, right);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Integer comparisons. */
+static void asm_intcomp(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  /* ORDER IR: LT GE LE GT  ULT UGE ULE UGT. */
+  /*           00 01 10 11  100 101 110 111  */
+  IROp op = ir->o;
+  Reg right, left = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op1, RSET_GPR);
+  if (op == IR_ABC) op = IR_UGT;
+  if ((op&4) == 0 && irref_isk(ir->op2) && get_kval(as, ir->op2) == 0) {
+    switch (op) {
+      case IR_LT: asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BGE, left, RID_ZERO); break;
+      case IR_GE: asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BLT, left, RID_ZERO); break;
+      case IR_LE: asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BLT, RID_ZERO, left); break;
+      case IR_GT: asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BGE, RID_ZERO, left); break;
+      default: break;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (irref_isk(ir->op2)) {
+    intptr_t k = get_kval(as, ir->op2);
+    if ((op&2)) k++;
+    if (checki12(k)) {
+      asm_guard(as, (op&1) ? RISCVI_BNE : RISCVI_BEQ, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+      emit_dsi(as, (op&4) ? RISCVI_SLTIU : RISCVI_SLTI, RID_TMP, left, k);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  right = ra_alloc1(as, ir->op2, rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, left));
+  asm_guard(as, ((op&4) ? RISCVI_BGEU : RISCVI_BGE) ^ RISCVF_FUNCT3((op^(op>>1))&1),
+             (op&2) ? right : left, (op&2) ? left : right);
+}
+
+static void asm_comp(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t))
+    asm_fpcomp(as, ir);
+  else
+    asm_intcomp(as, ir);
+}
+
+static void asm_equal(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+    asm_fpcomp(as, ir);
+  } else {
+    Reg right, left = ra_alloc2(as, ir, RSET_GPR);
+    right = (left >> 8); left &= 255;
+    asm_guard(as, (ir->o & 1) ? RISCVI_BEQ : RISCVI_BNE, left, right);
+  }
+}
+
+/* -- Split register ops -------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Hiword op of a split 64 bit op. Previous op must be the loword op. */
+static void asm_hiop(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  /* HIOP is marked as a store because it needs its own DCE logic. */
+  int uselo = ra_used(ir-1), usehi = ra_used(ir);  /* Loword/hiword used? */
+  if (LJ_UNLIKELY(!(as->flags & JIT_F_OPT_DCE))) uselo = usehi = 1;
+  if (!usehi) return;  /* Skip unused hiword op for all remaining ops. */
+  switch ((ir-1)->o) {
+  case IR_CALLN:
+  case IR_CALLL:
+  case IR_CALLS:
+  case IR_CALLXS:
+    if (!uselo)
+      ra_allocref(as, ir->op1, RID2RSET(RID_RETLO));  /* Mark lo op as used. */
+    break;
+  default: lj_assertA(0, "bad HIOP for op %d", (ir-1)->o); break;
+  }
+}
+
+/* -- Profiling ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void asm_prof(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  UNUSED(ir);
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ANDI, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, HOOK_PROFILE);
+  emit_lsglptr(as, RISCVI_LBU, RID_TMP,
+         (int32_t)offsetof(global_State, hookmask));
+}
+
+/* -- Stack handling ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Check Lua stack size for overflow. Use exit handler as fallback. */
+static void asm_stack_check(ASMState *as, BCReg topslot,
+			    IRIns *irp, RegSet allow, ExitNo exitno)
+{
+  /* Try to get an unused temp register, otherwise spill/restore RID_RET*. */
+  Reg tmp, pbase = irp ? (ra_hasreg(irp->r) ? irp->r : RID_TMP) : RID_BASE;
+  ExitNo oldsnap = as->snapno;
+  rset_clear(allow, pbase);
+  as->snapno = exitno;
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_TMP, RID_ZERO);
+  as->snapno = oldsnap;
+  if (allow) {
+    tmp = rset_pickbot(allow);
+    ra_modified(as, tmp);
+  } else {	// allow == RSET_EMPTY
+    tmp = RID_RET;
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, tmp, RID_SP, 0);	/* Restore tmp1 register. */
+  }
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_SLTIU, RID_TMP, RID_TMP, (int32_t)(8*topslot));
+  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SUB, RID_TMP, tmp, pbase);
+  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_LD, tmp, tmp, offsetof(lua_State, maxstack));
+  if (pbase == RID_TMP)
+    emit_getgl(as, RID_TMP, jit_base);
+  emit_getgl(as, tmp, cur_L);
+  if (allow == RSET_EMPTY)  /* Spill temp register. */
+    emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD, tmp, RID_SP, 0);
+}
+
+/* Restore Lua stack from on-trace state. */
+static void asm_stack_restore(ASMState *as, SnapShot *snap)
+{
+  SnapEntry *map = &as->T->snapmap[snap->mapofs];
+#ifdef LUA_USE_ASSERT
+  SnapEntry *flinks = &as->T->snapmap[snap_nextofs(as->T, snap)-1-LJ_FR2];
+#endif
+  MSize n, nent = snap->nent;
+  /* Store the value of all modified slots to the Lua stack. */
+  for (n = 0; n < nent; n++) {
+    SnapEntry sn = map[n];
+    BCReg s = snap_slot(sn);
+    int32_t ofs = 8*((int32_t)s-1-LJ_FR2);
+    IRRef ref = snap_ref(sn);
+    IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+    if ((sn & SNAP_NORESTORE))
+      continue;
+    if (irt_isnum(ir->t)) {
+      Reg src = ra_alloc1(as, ref, RSET_FPR);
+      emit_lso(as, RISCVI_FSD, src, RID_BASE, ofs);
+    } else {
+      if ((sn & SNAP_KEYINDEX)) {
+        RegSet allow = rset_exclude(RSET_GPR, RID_BASE);
+	int64_t kki = (int64_t)LJ_KEYINDEX << 32;
+	if (irref_isk(ref)) {
+	  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD,
+       ra_allock(as, kki | (int64_t)(uint32_t)ir->i, allow),
+       RID_BASE, ofs);
+	} else {
+	  Reg src = ra_alloc1(as, ref, allow);
+	  Reg rki = ra_allock(as, kki, rset_exclude(allow, src));
+	  emit_lso(as, RISCVI_SD, RID_TMP, RID_BASE, ofs);
+	  emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, RID_TMP, src, rki);
+	}
+      } else {
+        asm_tvstore64(as, RID_BASE, ofs, ref);
+      }
+    }
+    checkmclim(as);
+  }
+  lj_assertA(map + nent == flinks, "inconsistent frames in snapshot");
+}
+
+/* -- GC handling --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Marker to prevent patching the GC check exit. */
+#define RISCV_NOPATCH_GC_CHECK \
+  (RISCVI_OR|RISCVF_D(RID_TMP)|RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP)|RISCVF_S2(RID_TMP))
+
+/* Check GC threshold and do one or more GC steps. */
+static void asm_gc_check(ASMState *as)
+{
+  const CCallInfo *ci = &lj_ir_callinfo[IRCALL_lj_gc_step_jit];
+  IRRef args[2];
+  MCLabel l_end;
+  Reg tmp;
+  ra_evictset(as, RSET_SCRATCH);
+  l_end = emit_label(as);
+  /* Exit trace if in GCSatomic or GCSfinalize. Avoids syncing GC objects. */
+  asm_guard(as, RISCVI_BNE, RID_RET, RID_ZERO);	/* Assumes asm_snap_prep() already done. */
+  *--as->mcp = RISCV_NOPATCH_GC_CHECK;
+  args[0] = ASMREF_TMP1;  /* global_State *g */
+  args[1] = ASMREF_TMP2;  /* MSize steps     */
+  asm_gencall(as, ci, args);
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_MV, ra_releasetmp(as, ASMREF_TMP1), RID_GL);
+  tmp = ra_releasetmp(as, ASMREF_TMP2);
+  emit_loadi(as, tmp, as->gcsteps);
+  /* Jump around GC step if GC total < GC threshold. */
+  emit_branch(as, RISCVI_BLTU, RID_TMP, tmp, l_end, -1);
+  emit_getgl(as, tmp, gc.threshold);
+  emit_getgl(as, RID_TMP, gc.total);
+  as->gcsteps = 0;
+  checkmclim(as);
+}
+
+/* -- Loop handling ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Fixup the loop branch. */
+static void asm_loop_fixup(ASMState *as)
+{
+  MCode *p = as->mctop;
+  MCode *target = as->mcp;
+  ptrdiff_t delta;
+  if (as->loopinv) {  /* Inverted loop branch? */
+    delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 2);
+    /* asm_guard* already inverted the branch, and patched the final b. */
+    lj_assertA(checki21(delta), "branch target out of range");
+    p[-2] = (p[-2]&0x00000fff) | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta);
+  } else {
+    /* J */
+    delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 1);
+    p[-1] = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Fixup the tail of the loop. */
+static void asm_loop_tail_fixup(ASMState *as)
+{
+  UNUSED(as);  /* Nothing to do(?) */
+}
+
+/* -- Head of trace ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Coalesce BASE register for a root trace. */
+static void asm_head_root_base(ASMState *as)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = IR(REF_BASE);
+  Reg r = ir->r;
+  if (ra_hasreg(r)) {
+    ra_free(as, r);
+    if (rset_test(as->modset, r) || irt_ismarked(ir->t))
+      ir->r = RID_INIT;  /* No inheritance for modified BASE register. */
+    if (r != RID_BASE)
+      emit_mv(as, r, RID_BASE);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Coalesce BASE register for a side trace. */
+static Reg asm_head_side_base(ASMState *as, IRIns *irp)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = IR(REF_BASE);
+  Reg r = ir->r;
+  if (ra_hasreg(r)) {
+    ra_free(as, r);
+    if (rset_test(as->modset, r) || irt_ismarked(ir->t))
+      ir->r = RID_INIT;  /* No inheritance for modified BASE register. */
+    if (irp->r == r) {
+      return r;  /* Same BASE register already coalesced. */
+    } else if (ra_hasreg(irp->r) && rset_test(as->freeset, irp->r)) {
+      emit_mv(as, r, irp->r);  /* Move from coalesced parent reg. */
+      return irp->r;
+    } else {
+      emit_getgl(as, r, jit_base);  /* Otherwise reload BASE. */
+    }
+  }
+  return RID_NONE;
+}
+
+/* -- Tail of trace ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Fixup the tail code. */
+static void asm_tail_fixup(ASMState *as, TraceNo lnk)
+{
+  MCode *p = as->mctop;
+  MCode *target = lnk ? traceref(as->J,lnk)->mcode : (MCode *)lj_vm_exit_interp;
+  int32_t spadj = as->T->spadjust;
+  if (spadj == 0) {
+    p[-3] = RISCVI_NOP;
+    // as->mctop = p-2;
+  } else {
+    /* Patch stack adjustment. */
+    p[-3] = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_SP) | RISCVF_S1(RID_SP) | RISCVF_IMMI(spadj);
+  }
+  /* Patch exit jump. */
+  ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 2);
+  p[-2] = RISCVI_AUIPC | RISCVF_D(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(delta));
+  p[-1] = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(delta));
+}
+
+/* Prepare tail of code. */
+static void asm_tail_prep(ASMState *as)
+{
+  MCode *p = as->mctop - 2;  /* Leave room for exitstub. */
+  if (as->loopref) {
+    as->invmcp = as->mcp = p;
+  } else {
+    as->mcp = p-1;  /* Leave room for stack pointer adjustment. */
+    as->invmcp = NULL;
+  }
+  p[0] = p[1] = RISCVI_NOP;  /* Prevent load/store merging. */
+}
+
+/* -- Trace setup --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Ensure there are enough stack slots for call arguments. */
+static Reg asm_setup_call_slots(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, const CCallInfo *ci)
+{
+  IRRef args[CCI_NARGS_MAX*2];
+  uint32_t i, nargs = CCI_XNARGS(ci);
+  int nslots = 0, ngpr = REGARG_NUMGPR, nfpr = REGARG_NUMFPR;
+  asm_collectargs(as, ir, ci, args);
+  for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+    if (args[i] && irt_isfp(IR(args[i])->t)) {
+      if (nfpr > 0) {
+        nfpr--; if(ci->flags & CCI_VARARG) ngpr--;
+      } else if (!(ci->flags & CCI_VARARG) && ngpr > 0) ngpr--;
+      else nslots += 2;
+    } else {
+      if (ngpr > 0) {
+        ngpr--; if(ci->flags & CCI_VARARG) nfpr--;
+      } else nslots += 2;
+    }
+  }
+  if (nslots > as->evenspill)  /* Leave room for args in stack slots. */
+    as->evenspill = nslots;
+  return REGSP_HINT(irt_isfp(ir->t) ? RID_FPRET : RID_RET);
+}
+
+static void asm_setup_target(ASMState *as)
+{
+  asm_sparejump_setup(as);
+  asm_exitstub_setup(as, as->T->nsnap + (as->parent ? 1 : 0));
+}
+
+/* -- Trace patching ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/* Patch exit jumps of existing machine code to a new target. */
+void lj_asm_patchexit(jit_State *J, GCtrace *T, ExitNo exitno, MCode *target)
+{
+  MCode *p = T->mcode;
+  MCode *pe = (MCode *)((char *)p + T->szmcode);
+  MCode *px = exitstub_trace_addr(T, exitno);
+  MCode *cstart = NULL;
+  MCode *mcarea = lj_mcode_patch(J, p, 0);
+
+  for (; p < pe; p++) {
+    /* Look for exitstub branch, replace with branch to target. */
+    ptrdiff_t odelta = (char *)px - (char *)(p+1),
+              ndelta = (char *)target - (char *)(p+1);
+    if ((((p[0] ^ RISCVF_IMMB(8)) & 0xfe000f80u) == 0 &&
+         ((p[0] & 0x0000007fu) == 0x63u) &&
+         ((p[1] ^ RISCVF_IMMJ(odelta)) & 0xfffff000u) == 0 &&
+         ((p[1] & 0x0000007fu) == 0x6fu) && p[-1] != RISCV_NOPATCH_GC_CHECK) ||
+        (((p[1] ^ RISCVF_IMMJ(odelta)) & 0xfffff000u) == 0 &&
+         ((p[1] & 0x0000007fu) == 0x6fu) && p[0] != RISCV_NOPATCH_GC_CHECK)) {
+      lj_assertJ(checki32(ndelta), "branch target out of range");
+      /* Patch jump, if within range. */
+	    patchbranch:
+      if (checki21(ndelta)) { /* Patch jump */
+  p[1] = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(ndelta);
+  if (!cstart) cstart = p + 1;
+      } else {  /* Branch out of range. Use spare jump slot in mcarea. */
+  MCode *mcjump = asm_sparejump_use(mcarea, target);
+  if (mcjump) {
+	  lj_mcode_sync(mcjump, mcjump+2);
+    ndelta = (char *)mcjump - (char *)(p+1);
+    if (checki21(ndelta)) {
+      goto patchbranch;
+    } else {
+      lj_assertJ(0, "spare jump out of range: -Osizemcode too big");
+    }
+  }
+	/* Ignore jump slot overflow. Child trace is simply not attached. */
+      }
+    } else if (p+2 == pe) {
+      if (p[0] == RISCVI_NOP && p[1] == RISCVI_NOP) {
+  ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)target - (char *)p;
+  lj_assertJ(checki32(delta), "jump target out of range");
+  p[0] = RISCVI_AUIPC | RISCVF_D(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(delta));
+  p[1] = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(delta));
+  if (!cstart) cstart = p;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (cstart) lj_mcode_sync(cstart, px+1);
+  lj_mcode_patch(J, mcarea, 1);
+}
--- a/src/lj_ccall.c
+++ b/src/lj_ccall.c
@@ -687,6 +687,146 @@
     if (ngpr < maxgpr) { dp = &cc->gpr[ngpr++]; goto done; } \
   }
 
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+/* -- RISC-V lp64d calling conventions ------------------------------------ */
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_STRUCTRET \
+  /* Return structs of size > 16 by reference. */ \
+  cc->retref = !(sz <= 16); \
+  if (cc->retref) cc->gpr[ngpr++] = (GPRArg)dp;
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_STRUCTRET2 \
+  CCallStructClass cl = ccall_classify_struct(cts, ctr); \
+  CCallStructMix mix = cl.mix; \
+  switch (mix.val) { \
+    case MIX_IX: { \
+      ((intptr_t *)dp)[0] = cc->gpr[0]; \
+      break; \
+    } \
+    case MIX_FX: case MIX_DX: \
+    case MIX_FF: case MIX_FD: \
+    case MIX_DF: case MIX_DD: { \
+      eCCallStructMixElem es[2] = { mix.e1, mix.e2 }; \
+      for (int ti = 0; ti < 2; ti++) { \
+        if (es[ti] == MIX_ELEM_FLOAT) { \
+          ((float *)dp)[ti] = cc->fpr[ti].f; \
+        } else /*if (es[ti] == MIX_ELEM_DOUBLE)*/ { \
+          ((double *)dp)[ti] = cc->fpr[ti].d; \
+        } \
+      } \
+      break; \
+    } \
+    case MIX_FI: case MIX_DI: \
+    case MIX_IF: case MIX_ID: { \
+      eCCallStructMixElem es[2] = { mix.e1, mix.e2 }; \
+      for (int ti = 0; ti < 2; ti++) { \
+        if (es[ti] == MIX_ELEM_FLOAT) { \
+          ((float *)dp)[ti] = cc->fpr[0].f; \
+        } else if (es[ti] == MIX_ELEM_DOUBLE) { \
+          ((double *)dp)[ti] = cc->fpr[0].d; \
+        } else /*if (es[ti] == MIX_ELEM_INT)*/ { \
+          ((intptr_t *)dp)[ti] = cc->gpr[0]; \
+        } \
+      } \
+      break; \
+    } \
+    case MIX_UNINIT: \
+    case MIX_FAILED: { \
+      memcpy(dp, sp, ctr->size); \
+      break; \
+    } \
+    default: lj_assertL(0, "Invalid ret mix %d", mix.val); \
+  }
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_COMPLEXRET \
+  /* Complex values are returned in 1 or 2 FPRs. */ \
+  cc->retref = 0;
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_COMPLEXRET2 \
+  if (ctr->size == 2*sizeof(float)) {  /* Copy complex float from FPRs. */ \
+    ((float *)dp)[0] = cc->fpr[0].f; \
+    ((float *)dp)[1] = cc->fpr[1].f; \
+  } else {  /* Copy complex double from FPRs. */ \
+    ((double *)dp)[0] = cc->fpr[0].d; \
+    ((double *)dp)[1] = cc->fpr[1].d; \
+  }
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_COMPLEXARG \
+  /* Pass long double complex by reference. */ \
+  if (sz == 2*sizeof(long double)) { \
+    rp = cdataptr(lj_cdata_new(cts, did, sz)); \
+    sz = CTSIZE_PTR; \
+  } \
+  /* Pass complex in two FPRs or two GPRs or on stack. */ \
+  else if (sz == 2*sizeof(float)) { \
+    mix = (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_FF }; \
+    sz = CTSIZE_PTR; \
+  } else /*if (sz == 2*sizeof(double))*/ { \
+    mix = (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_DD }; \
+    sz = 2*CTSIZE_PTR; \
+  }
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_RET \
+  if (ctype_isfp(ctr->info) && ctr->size == sizeof(float)) \
+    sp = (uint8_t *)&cc->fpr[0].f;
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_STRUCTARG \
+  /* Pass structs of size >16 by reference. */ \
+  CCallStructClass cl = ccall_classify_struct(cts, d); \
+  uint8_t ispod = cl.ispod; \
+  mix = cl.mix; \
+  if (!ispod && sz > 16) { \
+    rp = cdataptr(lj_cdata_new(cts, did, sz)); \
+    sz = CTSIZE_PTR; \
+  }
+
+
+#define CCALL_HANDLE_REGARG \
+  if (!isva) { /* Try determine MIX registers. */ \
+    int n2 = 0; \
+    switch (mix.val) { \
+      case MIX_UNINIT: \
+        if (isfp) { \
+          n2 = 1; \
+          break; \
+        } \
+      /* fallthrough */ \
+      case MIX_FAILED: \
+      /* MIX_[IFD]X are just like a standalone element */ \
+      case MIX_IX: goto reghandle_gpr; \
+      case MIX_FX: case MIX_DX: \
+        n2 = 1; \
+        break; \
+      /* MIX_[FD][FD] are just like two standalone elements */ \
+      /* fix float later */ \
+      case MIX_FF: case MIX_DD: \
+      case MIX_FD: case MIX_DF: \
+        n2 = 2; \
+        break; \
+      /* Setup MIX_I[FD] or MIX[FD]I on stack first, fix later */ \
+      default: goto reghandle_exit; \
+    } \
+    if (nfpr + n2 <= CCALL_NARG_FPR) { \
+      dp = &cc->fpr[nfpr]; \
+      nfpr += n2; \
+      goto done; \
+    } else { \
+      if (ngpr + n2 <= maxgpr) { \
+       dp = &cc->gpr[ngpr]; \
+       ngpr += n2; \
+       goto done; \
+      } \
+    } \
+  } else {  /* Try to pass argument in GPRs. */ \
+  reghandle_gpr: \
+      if (ngpr + n <= maxgpr) { \
+        dp = &cc->gpr[ngpr]; \
+        ngpr += n; \
+        goto done; \
+    } \
+  reghandle_exit: \
+  }
+
 #else
 #error "Missing calling convention definitions for this architecture"
 #endif
@@ -1055,6 +1195,164 @@ static void ccall_copy_struct(CCallState
 
 #endif
 
+/* -- RISC-V ABI struct classification ---------------------------- */
+
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+
+/* RISC-V 64 LP64D fp reg struct classification. */
+/* X: unknown/uninit, F: float, D: double, I: integer */
+
+typedef enum eCCallStructMixElem {
+  MIX_ELEM_UNINIT = 0,
+  MIX_ELEM_FLOAT = 1,
+  MIX_ELEM_DOUBLE = 2,
+  MIX_ELEM_INT = 3,
+} eCCallStructMixElem;
+typedef enum eCCallStructMix {
+  MIX_UNINIT = 0, // i.e. MIX_XX
+  MIX_FX = 1,
+  MIX_DX = 2,
+  MIX_IX = 3,
+  MIX_XF = 4,
+  MIX_FF = 5,
+  MIX_DF = 6,
+  MIX_IF = 7,
+  MIX_XD = 8,
+  MIX_FD = 9,
+  MIX_DD = 10,
+  MIX_ID = 11,
+  MIX_XI = 12,
+  MIX_FI = 13,
+  MIX_DI = 14,
+  MIX_FAILED = 15, // MIX_II but that's not mixed
+} eCCallStructMix;
+
+typedef union CCallStructMix {
+  eCCallStructMix val : 4;
+  struct {
+    eCCallStructMixElem e1 : 2;
+    eCCallStructMixElem e2 : 2;
+  };
+} CCallStructMix;
+
+typedef union CCallStructClass {
+  uint32_t val;
+  struct {
+    uint8_t ispod;
+    CCallStructMix mix;
+  };
+} CCallStructClass;
+
+static CCallStructClass ccall_classify_struct(CTState *cts, CType *ct)
+{
+  CTSize sz = ct->size;
+  CCallStructMix mix = { .val = MIX_UNINIT };
+  if (ct->info & CTF_UNION) mix.val = MIX_FAILED;
+  while (ct->sib && mix.val != MIX_FAILED) {
+    unsigned int m = 1;
+    CType *sct;
+    ct = ctype_get(cts, ct->sib);
+    if (ctype_isfield(ct->info)) {
+      sct = ctype_rawchild(cts, ct);
+      if (ctype_isarray(sct->info)) {
+	CType *cct = ctype_rawchild(cts, sct);
+	if (!cct->size) continue;
+	m = sct->size / cct->size;
+	sct = cct;
+      }
+      if (ctype_isfp(sct->info)) {
+	while (m--) {
+    /* Mix state trans: fp
+     * mix XX -> mix = [FD]X
+     * mix X[IFD] -> mix = FAILED
+     * mix [IFD]X -> mix = [IFD][FD]
+     * mix [IFD][IFD] -> mix = FAILED
+     */
+    eCCallStructMixElem ne = (sct->size == 4) ? MIX_ELEM_FLOAT : MIX_ELEM_DOUBLE;
+    if (mix.val == MIX_UNINIT) {
+      mix = (CCallStructMix){ .e1 = ne, .e2 = MIX_ELEM_UNINIT };
+    } else {
+      eCCallStructMixElem o1 = mix.e1, o2 = mix.e2, n2 = ne;
+      mix = (o2 != MIX_ELEM_UNINIT ? (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_FAILED }
+                                   : (CCallStructMix){ .e1 = o1, .e2 = n2 });
+    }
+  }
+      } else if (ctype_iscomplex(sct->info)) {
+	while (m--) {
+    /* Mix state trans: complex
+     * mix XX -> mix = [FD][FD]
+     * mix other -> mix = FAILED
+     */
+    eCCallStructMixElem ne = (sct->size == 8) ? MIX_ELEM_FLOAT : MIX_ELEM_DOUBLE;
+    mix = (mix.val == MIX_UNINIT) ? (CCallStructMix){ .e1 = ne, .e2 = ne }
+                                  : (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_FAILED };
+  }
+      } else if (ctype_isinteger_or_bool(sct->info) || ctype_isenum(sct->info)) {
+  while (m--) {
+    /* Mix state trans: int
+     * mix XX -> mix = IX
+     * mix X[IFD] -> mix = FAILED
+     * mix [IFD]X -> mix = [FD]I; this auto fails II
+     * mix [IFD][IFD] -> mix = FAILED
+     */
+    if (mix.val == MIX_UNINIT) {
+      mix = (CCallStructMix){ .e1 = MIX_ELEM_INT, .e2 = MIX_ELEM_UNINIT };
+    } else {
+      eCCallStructMixElem o1 = mix.e1, o2 = mix.e2, n2 = MIX_ELEM_INT;
+      mix = (o2 != MIX_ELEM_UNINIT ? (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_FAILED }
+                                   : (CCallStructMix){ .e1 = o1, .e2 = n2 });
+    }
+  }
+      } else if (ctype_isstruct(sct->info)) {
+	goto substruct;
+      } else {
+	goto not_ag;
+      }
+    } else if (ctype_isbitfield(ct->info)) {
+      goto not_ag;
+    } else if (ctype_isxattrib(ct->info, CTA_SUBTYPE)) {
+      sct = ctype_rawchild(cts, ct);
+    substruct:
+      if (sct->size > 0) {
+	CCallStructClass s = ccall_classify_struct(cts, sct);
+  CCallStructMix smix = s.mix;
+  uint8_t spod = s.ispod;
+  if (smix.val == MIX_FAILED) mix.val = MIX_FAILED;
+	if (!spod) goto not_ag;
+  while (m--) {
+    /* Mix state transfer: substruct
+     * mix XX, smix any -> mix = smix
+     * mix X[IFD], smix any -> mix = FAILED
+     * mix [IFD]X, smix [XIFD]X -> mix = [IFD][XIFD]
+     *             smix other -> mix = FAILED
+     * mix [IFD][IFD], smix XX -> mix = mix
+     *                 smix other -> mix = FAILED; this keep II fail
+     */
+    if (mix.val == MIX_UNINIT) {
+      mix = smix;
+    } else {
+      eCCallStructMixElem o1 = mix.e1, o2 = mix.e2;
+      eCCallStructMixElem n1 = smix.e1, n2 = smix.e2;
+      if (o2 != MIX_ELEM_UNINIT) {
+        mix = (smix.val != MIX_UNINIT) ? mix
+                                       : (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_FAILED };
+      } else {
+        mix = (n2 != MIX_ELEM_UNINIT) ? (CCallStructMix){ .val = MIX_FAILED }
+                                      : (CCallStructMix){ .e1 = o1, .e2 = n1 };
+      }
+    }
+  }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (MIX_UNINIT < mix.val && mix.val < MIX_FAILED)  /* Mixed passing */
+    return (CCallStructClass){ .ispod = 1, .mix = mix };
+not_ag:  /* Not a float/double aggregate or int/fp mix pair aggregate */
+  return (CCallStructClass){ .ispod = (sz <= 16), .mix = mix };  /* Return structs of size <= 16 in GPRs. */
+}
+
+#endif
+
 /* -- Common C call handling ---------------------------------------------- */
 
 /* Infer the destination CTypeID for a vararg argument.
@@ -1106,6 +1404,7 @@ static int ccall_set_args(lua_State *L,
 #endif
 #endif
 
+
   /* Clear unused regs to get some determinism in case of misdeclaration. */
   memset(cc->gpr, 0, sizeof(cc->gpr));
 #if CCALL_NUM_FPR
@@ -1168,6 +1467,11 @@ static int ccall_set_args(lua_State *L,
     CType *d;
     CTSize sz;
     MSize n, isfp = 0, isva = 0;
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+    MSize onsp, mnsp;
+    CCallStructMix mix = { .val = MIX_UNINIT };
+    int isstack = 0;
+#endif
     void *dp, *rp = NULL;
 #if LJ_TARGET_PPC && LJ_ARCH_BITS == 64
     int isf32 = 0;
@@ -1216,6 +1520,10 @@ static int ccall_set_args(lua_State *L,
 #if LJ_TARGET_S390X
     onstack = 1;
 #endif
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+    isstack = 1;
+    onsp = nsp;
+#endif
     if (CCALL_ALIGN_STACKARG) {  /* Align argument on stack. */
       MSize align = (1u << ctype_align(d->info)) - 1;
       if (rp || (CCALL_PACK_STACKARG && isva && align < CTSIZE_PTR-1))
@@ -1228,6 +1536,9 @@ static int ccall_set_args(lua_State *L,
 #else
     dp = ((uint8_t *)cc->stack) + nsp;
 #endif
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+    mnsp = nsp + n * CTSIZE_PTR / 2;
+#endif
     nsp += CCALL_PACK_STACKARG ? sz : n * CTSIZE_PTR;
     if ((int32_t)nsp > CCALL_SIZE_STACK) {  /* Too many arguments. */
     err_nyi:
@@ -1295,7 +1606,11 @@ static int ccall_set_args(lua_State *L,
         *(int64_t *)dp = (int64_t)*(int32_t *)dp;
     }
 #endif
-#if LJ_TARGET_MIPS64 || (LJ_TARGET_ARM64 && LJ_BE)
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+    if (isfp && d->size == sizeof(float))
+      ((uint32_t *)dp)[1] = 0xffffffffu;  /* Float NaN boxing */
+#endif
+#if LJ_TARGET_MIPS64 || (LJ_TARGET_ARM64 && LJ_BE) || LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
     if ((ctype_isinteger_or_bool(d->info) || ctype_isenum(d->info)
 #if LJ_TARGET_MIPS64
 	 || (isfp && nsp == 0)
@@ -1335,6 +1650,107 @@ static int ccall_set_args(lua_State *L,
       CTSize i = (sz >> 2) - 1;
       do { ((uint64_t *)dp)[i] = ((uint32_t *)dp)[i]; } while (i--);
     }
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+    switch (mix.val) {
+      case MIX_UNINIT:
+  break;
+      /* Fix MIX values */
+      case MIX_DF: {
+  ((uint32_t *)dp)[3] = 0xffffffffu;
+  break;
+      }
+      case MIX_FF:
+  if (isstack) break;
+  ((uint64_t *)dp)[1] = 0xffffffff00000000ul | ((uint32_t *)dp)[1];
+      case MIX_FX:
+      case MIX_FD: {
+  ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] = 0xffffffff00000000ul | ((uint32_t *)dp)[0];
+  break;
+      }
+      case MIX_FI: {
+  lj_assertL(sz == 8 || sz == 16, "invalid MIX_FI size %d", (int)sz);
+  if (ngpr >= CCALL_NARG_GPR) break;
+  if (sz == 8) {
+    FPRArg farg = { .hi = 0xffffffffu, .lo = ((uint32_t *)dp)[0] };
+    if (!isva && nfpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_FPR) {
+      cc->fpr[nfpr++] = farg;
+      goto fi_next;
+    } else if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+      cc->gpr[ngpr++] = farg.u;
+fi_next:
+      ((uint32_t *)dp)[0] = ((uint32_t *)dp)[1];
+      ((uint32_t *)dp)[1] = 0;
+      if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+        cc->gpr[ngpr++] = ((uint32_t *)dp)[0];
+        ((uint32_t *)dp)[0] = 0, nsp = onsp;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  } else /*if (sz == 16)*/ {
+    ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] |= 0xffffffff00000000ul;
+    /* fallthrough */
+  }
+      }
+      case MIX_DI: {
+  lj_assertL(sz == 16, "invalid MIX_DI size %d", (int)sz);
+  if (ngpr >= CCALL_NARG_GPR) break;
+  if (!isva && nfpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_FPR) {
+    cc->fpr[nfpr++] = (FPRArg){ .u = ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] };
+    goto di_next;
+  } else if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+    cc->gpr[ngpr++] = ((uint64_t *)dp)[0];
+di_next:
+    ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] = ((uint64_t *)dp)[1];
+    ((uint64_t *)dp)[1] = 0, nsp = mnsp;
+    if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+      cc->gpr[ngpr++] = ((uint64_t *)dp)[0];
+      ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] = 0, nsp = onsp;
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+      }
+      case MIX_IF: {
+  lj_assertL(sz == 8 || sz == 16, "invalid MIX_IF size %d", (int)sz);
+  if (sz == 8) {
+    FPRArg farg = { .hi = 0xffffffffu, .lo = ((uint32_t *)dp)[1] };
+    if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+      cc->gpr[ngpr++] = ((uint32_t *)dp)[0];
+      ((uint32_t *)dp)[0] = ((uint32_t *)dp)[1];
+      ((uint32_t *)dp)[1] = 0;
+      if (!isva && nfpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_FPR) {
+        cc->fpr[nfpr++] = farg;
+        goto if_next;
+      } else if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+        cc->gpr[ngpr++] = farg.u;
+if_next:
+        ((uint32_t *)dp)[0] = 0, nsp = onsp;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  } else /*if (sz == 16)*/ {
+    ((uint64_t *)dp)[1] |= 0xffffffff00000000ul;
+    /* fallthrough */
+  }
+      }
+      case MIX_ID: {
+  lj_assertL(sz == 16, "invalid MIX_ID size %d", (int)sz);
+  if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+    cc->gpr[ngpr++] = ((uint64_t *)dp)[0];
+    ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] = ((uint64_t *)dp)[1];
+    ((uint64_t *)dp)[1] = 0, nsp = mnsp;
+    if (!isva && nfpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_FPR) {
+      cc->fpr[nfpr++] = (FPRArg){ .u = ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] };
+      goto id_next;
+    } else if (ngpr + 1 <= CCALL_NARG_GPR) {
+      cc->gpr[ngpr++] = ((uint64_t *)dp)[0];
+id_next:
+      ((uint64_t *)dp)[0] = 0, nsp = onsp;
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+      }
+      default: break;
+    }
 #else
     UNUSED(isfp);
 #endif
--- a/src/lj_ccall.h
+++ b/src/lj_ccall.h
@@ -157,6 +157,23 @@ typedef union FPRArg {
   float f;
 } FPRArg;
 
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+
+#define CCALL_NARG_GPR		8
+#define CCALL_NARG_FPR		8
+#define CCALL_NRET_GPR		2
+#define CCALL_NRET_FPR		2
+#define CCALL_SPS_EXTRA		3
+#define CCALL_SPS_FREE		1
+
+typedef intptr_t GPRArg;
+typedef union FPRArg {
+  double d;
+  uint64_t u;
+  struct { LJ_ENDIAN_LOHI(float f; , float g;) };
+  struct { LJ_ENDIAN_LOHI(uint32_t lo; , uint32_t hi;) };
+} FPRArg;
+
 #else
 #error "Missing calling convention definitions for this architecture"
 #endif
--- a/src/lj_ccallback.c
+++ b/src/lj_ccallback.c
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ static MSize CALLBACK_OFS2SLOT(MSize ofs
 
 #define CALLBACK_MCODE_HEAD		52
 
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+
+#define CALLBACK_MCODE_HEAD		68
+
 #else
 
 /* Missing support for this architecture. */
@@ -315,6 +319,39 @@ static void *callback_mcode_init(global_
   }
   return p;
 }
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+static void *callback_mcode_init(global_State *g, uint32_t *page)
+{
+  uint32_t *p = page;
+  uintptr_t target = (uintptr_t)(void *)lj_vm_ffi_callback;
+  uintptr_t ug = (uintptr_t)(void *)g;
+  uintptr_t target_hi = (target >> 32), target_lo = target & 0xffffffffULL;
+  uintptr_t ug_hi = (ug >> 32), ug_lo = ug & 0xffffffffULL;
+  MSize slot;
+  *p++ = RISCVI_LUI  | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(target_hi));
+  *p++ = RISCVI_LUI  | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(ug_hi));
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(target_hi));
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(ug_hi));
+  *p++ = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_SHAMT(11);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_SHAMT(11);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_IMMI(target_lo >> 21);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_IMMI(ug_lo >> 21);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_SHAMT(11);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_SHAMT(11);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_IMMI((target_lo >> 10) & 0x7ff);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_IMMI((ug_lo >> 10) & 0x7ff);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_SHAMT(10);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_SHAMT(10);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X6) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_IMMI(target_lo & 0x3ff);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(RID_X7) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X7) | RISCVF_IMMI(ug_lo & 0x3ff);
+  *p++ = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_D(RID_X0) | RISCVF_S1(RID_X6) | RISCVF_IMMJ(0);
+  for (slot = 0; slot < CALLBACK_MAX_SLOT; slot++) {
+    *p++ = RISCVI_LUI | RISCVF_D(RID_X5) | RISCVF_IMMU(slot);
+    *p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(((char *)page-(char *)p));
+    p++;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
 #else
 /* Missing support for this architecture. */
 #define callback_mcode_init(g, p)	(p)
@@ -617,6 +654,31 @@ void lj_ccallback_mcode_free(CTState *ct
     if (ngpr < maxgpr) { sp = &cts->cb.gpr[ngpr++]; goto done; } \
   }
 
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+
+#define CALLBACK_HANDLE_REGARG \
+  if (isfp) { \
+    if (nfpr + n <= CCALL_NARG_FPR) { \
+      sp = &cts->cb.fpr[nfpr]; \
+      nfpr += n; \
+      goto done; \
+    } else if (ngpr + n <= maxgpr) { \
+      sp = &cts->cb.gpr[ngpr]; \
+      ngpr += n; \
+      goto done; \
+    } \
+  } else { \
+    if (ngpr + n <= maxgpr) { \
+      sp = &cts->cb.gpr[ngpr]; \
+      ngpr += n; \
+      goto done; \
+    } \
+  }
+
+#define CALLBACK_HANDLE_RET \
+  if (ctype_isfp(ctr->info) && ctr->size == sizeof(float)) \
+    ((float *)dp)[1] = *(float *)dp;
+
 #else
 #error "Missing calling convention definitions for this architecture"
 #endif
@@ -772,7 +834,7 @@ static void callback_conv_result(CTState
         *(int64_t *)dp = (int64_t)*(int32_t *)dp;
     }
 #endif
-#if LJ_TARGET_MIPS64 || (LJ_TARGET_ARM64 && LJ_BE)
+#if LJ_TARGET_MIPS64 || (LJ_TARGET_ARM64 && LJ_BE) || LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
     /* Always sign-extend results to 64 bits. Even a soft-fp 'float'. */
     if (ctr->size <= 4 &&
 	(LJ_ABI_SOFTFP || ctype_isinteger_or_bool(ctr->info)))
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lj_emit_riscv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+/*
+** RISC-V instruction emitter.
+** Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
+**
+** Contributed by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
+*/
+
+static intptr_t get_k64val(ASMState *as, IRRef ref)
+{
+  IRIns *ir = IR(ref);
+  if (ir->o == IR_KINT64) {
+    return (intptr_t)ir_kint64(ir)->u64;
+  } else if (ir->o == IR_KGC) {
+    return (intptr_t)ir_kgc(ir);
+  } else if (ir->o == IR_KPTR || ir->o == IR_KKPTR) {
+    return (intptr_t)ir_kptr(ir);
+  } else {
+    lj_assertA(ir->o == IR_KINT || ir->o == IR_KNULL,
+               "bad 64 bit const IR op %d", ir->o);
+    return ir->i;  /* Sign-extended. */
+  }
+}
+
+#define get_kval(as, ref)       get_k64val(as, ref)
+
+/* -- Emit basic instructions --------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void emit_r(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_D(rd) | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2);
+}
+
+#define emit_ds(as, riscvi, rd, rs1)         emit_r(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, 0)
+#define emit_ds2(as, riscvi, rd, rs2)         emit_r(as, riscvi, rd, 0, rs2)
+#define emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, rs2)         emit_r(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, rs2)
+
+static void emit_r4(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, Reg rs3)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_D(rd) | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_S3(rs3);
+}
+
+#define emit_ds1s2s3(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, rs2, rs3)         emit_r4(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, rs2, rs3)
+
+static void emit_i(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, Reg rs1, int32_t i)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_D(rd) | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_IMMI((uint32_t)i & 0xfff);
+}
+
+#define emit_di(as, riscvi, rd, i)         emit_i(as, riscvi, rd, 0, i)
+#define emit_dsi(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, i)     emit_i(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, i)
+#define emit_dsshamt(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, i) emit_i(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, i&0x3f)
+
+static void emit_s(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, int32_t i)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_IMMS((uint32_t)i & 0xfff);
+}
+
+#define emit_s1s2i(as, riscvi, rs1, rs2, i)  emit_s(as, riscvi, rs1, rs2, i)
+
+/*
+static void emit_b(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, int32_t i)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_IMMB((uint32_t)i & 0x1ffe);
+}
+*/
+
+static void emit_u(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, uint32_t i)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_D(rd) | RISCVF_IMMU(i & 0xfffff);
+}
+
+#define emit_du(as, riscvi, rd, i)           emit_u(as, riscvi, rd, i)
+
+/*
+static void emit_j(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, int32_t i)
+{
+  *--as->mcp = riscvi | RISCVF_D(rd) | RISCVF_IMMJ((uint32_t)i & 0x1fffffe);
+}
+*/
+
+static Reg ra_allock(ASMState *as, intptr_t k, RegSet allow);
+static void ra_allockreg(ASMState *as, intptr_t k, Reg r);
+static Reg ra_scratch(ASMState *as, RegSet allow);
+
+static void emit_lso(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg data, Reg base, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  lj_assertA(checki12(ofs), "load/store offset %d out of range", ofs);
+  switch (riscvi) {
+    case RISCVI_LD: case RISCVI_LW: case RISCVI_LH: case RISCVI_LB:
+    case RISCVI_LWU: case RISCVI_LHU: case RISCVI_LBU:
+    case RISCVI_FLW: case RISCVI_FLD:
+      emit_dsi(as, riscvi, data, base, ofs);
+      break;
+    case RISCVI_SD: case RISCVI_SW: case RISCVI_SH: case RISCVI_SB:
+    case RISCVI_FSW: case RISCVI_FSD:
+      emit_s1s2i(as, riscvi, base, data, ofs);
+      break;
+    default: lj_assertA(0, "invalid lso"); break;
+  }
+}
+
+static void emit_roti(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg tmp,
+                       int32_t shamt)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb || as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) {
+    if (!(as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb)) switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_RORI: riscvi = RISCVI_TH_SRRI; break;
+      case RISCVI_RORIW: riscvi = RISCVI_TH_SRRIW; break;
+      default: lj_assertA(0, "invalid roti op"); break;
+    }
+    emit_dsshamt(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, shamt);
+  } else {
+    RISCVIns ai, bi;
+    int32_t shwid, shmsk;
+    switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_RORI:
+        ai = RISCVI_SRLI, bi = RISCVI_SLLI;
+        shwid = 64, shmsk = 63;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_RORIW:
+        ai = RISCVI_SRLIW, bi = RISCVI_SLLIW;
+        shwid = 32, shmsk = 31;
+        break;
+      default:
+        lj_assertA(0, "invalid roti op");
+        return;
+    }
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, rd, rd, tmp);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, bi, rd, rs1, (shwid - shamt)&shmsk);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, ai, tmp, rs1, shamt&shmsk);
+  }
+}
+
+static void emit_rot(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, Reg tmp)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, rd, rs1, rs2);
+  } else {
+    RISCVIns sai, sbi;
+    switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_ROL:
+        sai = RISCVI_SLL, sbi = RISCVI_SRL;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ROR:
+        sai = RISCVI_SRL, sbi = RISCVI_SLL;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ROLW:
+        sai = RISCVI_SLLW, sbi = RISCVI_SRLW;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_RORW:
+        sai = RISCVI_SRLW, sbi = RISCVI_SLLW;
+        break;
+      default:
+        lj_assertA(0, "invalid rot op");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (rd == rs2) {
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, rd, rd, tmp);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, sbi, tmp, rs1, tmp);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, sai, rd, rs1, rs2);
+      emit_ds2(as, RISCVI_NEG, tmp, rs2);
+    } else {
+      emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, rd, rd, tmp);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, sai, rd, rs1, rs2);
+      emit_ds1s2(as, sbi, tmp, rs1, tmp);
+      emit_ds2(as, RISCVI_NEG, tmp, rs2);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void emit_ext(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rd, Reg rs1)
+{
+  if ((riscvi != RISCVI_ZEXT_W && as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) ||
+      (riscvi == RISCVI_ZEXT_W && as->flags & JIT_F_RVZba)) {
+    emit_ds(as, riscvi, rd, rs1);
+  } else if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) {
+    uint32_t hi, sext;
+    switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_ZEXT_B:
+      case RISCVI_SEXT_W:
+        emit_ds(as, riscvi, rd, rs1);
+        return;
+      case RISCVI_ZEXT_H:
+        hi = 15, sext = 0;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ZEXT_W:
+        hi = 31, sext = 0;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_SEXT_B:
+        hi = 7, sext = 1;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_SEXT_H:
+        hi = 15, sext = 1;
+        break;
+      default:
+        lj_assertA(0, "invalid ext op");
+        return;
+    }
+    emit_dsi(as, sext ? RISCVI_TH_EXT : RISCVI_TH_EXTU,
+      rd, rs1, hi << 6);
+  } else {
+    RISCVIns sli, sri;
+    int32_t shamt;
+    switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_ZEXT_B:
+      case RISCVI_SEXT_W:
+        emit_ds(as, riscvi, rd, rs1);
+        return;
+      case RISCVI_ZEXT_H:
+        sli = RISCVI_SLLI, sri = RISCVI_SRLI;
+        shamt = 48;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_ZEXT_W:
+        sli = RISCVI_SLLI, sri = RISCVI_SRLI;
+        shamt = 32;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_SEXT_B:
+        sli = RISCVI_SLLI, sri = RISCVI_SRAI;
+        shamt = 56;
+        break;
+      case RISCVI_SEXT_H:
+        sli = RISCVI_SLLI, sri = RISCVI_SRAI;
+        shamt = 48;
+        break;
+      default:
+        lj_assertA(0, "invalid ext op");
+        return;
+    }
+    emit_dsshamt(as, sri, rd, rd, shamt);   
+    emit_dsshamt(as, sli, rd, rs1, shamt);
+  }
+}
+
+static void emit_cleartp(ASMState *as, Reg rd, Reg rs1)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_TH_EXTU, rd, rs1, 46u << 6);
+  } else {
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SRLI, rd, rd, 17);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, rd, rs1, 17);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+static void emit_andn(ASMState *as, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, Reg tmp)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ANDN, rd, rs1, rs2);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_AND, rd, rs1, tmp);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_NOT, tmp, rs2);
+  }
+}
+*/
+
+/*
+static void emit_orn(ASMState *as, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, Reg tmp)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ORN, rd, rs1, rs2);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_OR, rd, rs1, tmp);
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_NOT, tmp, rs2);
+  }
+}
+*/
+
+static void emit_xnor(ASMState *as, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZbb) {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XNOR, rd, rs1, rs2);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_NOT, rd, rd);
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_XOR, rd, rs1, rs2);
+  }
+}
+
+static void emit_shxadd(ASMState *as, Reg rd, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, Reg tmp, unsigned int shamt)
+{
+  if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZba) {
+    switch (shamt) {
+      case 1: emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SH1ADD, rd, rs2, rs1); break;
+      case 2: emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SH2ADD, rd, rs2, rs1); break;
+      case 3: emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_SH3ADD, rd, rs2, rs1); break;
+      default: return;
+    }
+  } else if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVXThead) {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_TH_ADDSL|RISCVF_IMMI(shamt<<5), rd, rs1, rs2);
+  } else {
+    emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_ADD, rd, rs1, tmp);
+    emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, tmp, rs2, shamt);
+  }
+}
+
+#define emit_sh1add(as, rd, rs1, rs2, tmp) emit_shxadd(as, rd, rs1, rs2, tmp, 1)
+#define emit_sh2add(as, rd, rs1, rs2, tmp) emit_shxadd(as, rd, rs1, rs2, tmp, 2)
+#define emit_sh3add(as, rd, rs1, rs2, tmp) emit_shxadd(as, rd, rs1, rs2, tmp, 3)
+
+static void emit_loadk12(ASMState *as, Reg rd, int32_t i)
+{
+  emit_di(as, RISCVI_ADDI, rd, i);
+}
+
+static void emit_loadk32(ASMState *as, Reg rd, int32_t i)
+{
+  if (checki12((int64_t)i)) {
+    emit_loadk12(as, rd, i);
+  } else {
+    if(LJ_UNLIKELY(RISCVF_HI((uint32_t)i) == 0x80000u && i > 0))
+      emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_XORI, rd, rd, RISCVF_LO(i));
+    else
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, rd, rd, RISCVF_LO(i));
+    emit_du(as, RISCVI_LUI, rd, RISCVF_HI((uint32_t)i));
+  }
+}
+
+/* -- Emit loads/stores --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Prefer rematerialization of BASE/L from global_State over spills. */
+#define emit_canremat(ref)	((ref) <= REF_BASE)
+
+
+/* Load a 32 bit constant into a GPR. */
+#define emit_loadi(as, r, i)	emit_loadk32(as, r, i);
+
+/* Load a 64 bit constant into a GPR. */
+static void emit_loadu64(ASMState *as, Reg r, uint64_t u64)
+{
+  int64_t u64_delta = (int64_t)((intptr_t)u64 - (intptr_t)(as->mcp - 2));
+  if (checki32((int64_t)u64)) {
+    emit_loadk32(as, r, (int32_t)u64);
+  } else if (checki32auipc(u64_delta)) {
+    emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, r, r, RISCVF_LO(u64_delta));
+    emit_du(as, RISCVI_AUIPC, r, RISCVF_HI(u64_delta));
+  } else {
+    uint32_t lo32 = u64 & 0xfffffffful;
+    if (checku11(lo32)) {
+      if (lo32 > 0) emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, r, r, lo32);
+      emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, r, r, 32);
+    } else {
+      RISCVIns li_insn[7] = {0};
+      int shamt = 0, step = 0;
+      for(int bit = 0; bit < 32; bit++) {
+  if (lo32 & (1u << bit)) {
+    if (shamt) li_insn[step++] = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(r) | RISCVF_S1(r) | RISCVF_IMMI(shamt);
+    int inc = bit+10 > 31 ? 31-bit : 10;
+    bit += inc, shamt = inc+1;
+    uint32_t msk = ((1ul << (bit+1))-1)^((1ul << (((bit-inc) >= 0) ? (bit-inc) : 0))-1);
+    uint16_t payload = (lo32 & msk) >> (((bit-inc) >= 0) ? (bit-inc) : 0);
+    li_insn[step++] = RISCVI_ADDI | RISCVF_D(r) | RISCVF_S1(r) | RISCVF_IMMI(payload);
+  } else shamt++;
+      }
+      if (shamt) li_insn[step++] = RISCVI_SLLI | RISCVF_D(r) | RISCVF_S1(r) | RISCVF_IMMI(shamt);
+
+      if (step < 6) {
+  for(int i = 0; i < step; i++)
+    *--as->mcp = li_insn[i];
+      } else {
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, r, r, u64 & 0x3ff);
+  emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, r, r, 10);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, r, r, (u64 >> 10) & 0x7ff);
+  emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, r, r, 11);
+  emit_dsi(as, RISCVI_ADDI, r, r, (u64 >> 21) & 0x7ff);
+  emit_dsshamt(as, RISCVI_SLLI, r, r, 11);
+      }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t hi32 = u64 >> 32;
+    if (hi32 & 0xfff) emit_loadk32(as, r, hi32);
+    else emit_du(as, RISCVI_LUI, r, hi32 >> 12);
+  }
+}
+
+#define emit_loada(as, r, addr)	emit_loadu64(as, (r), u64ptr((addr)))
+
+/* Get/set from constant pointer. */
+static void emit_lsptr(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg r, void *p, RegSet allow)
+{
+  emit_lso(as, riscvi, r, ra_allock(as, igcptr(p), allow), 0);
+}
+
+/* Load 64 bit IR constant into register. */
+static void emit_loadk64(ASMState *as, Reg r, IRIns *ir)
+{
+  const uint64_t *k = &ir_k64(ir)->u64;
+  Reg r64 = r;
+  if (rset_test(RSET_FPR, r)) {
+    if (as->flags & JIT_F_RVZfa) {
+      uint8_t sign = (*k >> 63) & 1;
+      uint16_t k_hi16 = (*k >> 48) & 0xffff;
+      uint64_t k_lo48 = *k & 0xffffffffffff;
+      uint16_t mk_hi16 = k_hi16 & 0x7fff;
+      if (!k_lo48) {
+  if (riscv_fli_map_hi16[0] == k_hi16) {
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FLI_D, r, 0);
+    return;
+  }
+  for (int i = 1; i < 32; i++) {
+    if (riscv_fli_map_hi16[i] == mk_hi16) {
+      if (sign)
+        emit_ds1s2(as, RISCVI_FNEG_D, r, r, r);
+      emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FLI_D, r, i);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+      }
+    }
+    r64 = RID_TMP;
+    emit_ds(as, RISCVI_FMV_D_X, r, r64);
+  }
+  emit_loadu64(as, r64, *k);
+}
+
+/* Get/set global_State fields. */
+static void emit_lsglptr(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg r, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  emit_lso(as, riscvi, r, RID_GL, ofs);
+}
+
+#define emit_getgl(as, r, field) \
+  emit_lsglptr(as, RISCVI_LD, (r), (int32_t)offsetof(global_State, field))
+#define emit_setgl(as, r, field) \
+  emit_lsglptr(as, RISCVI_SD, (r), (int32_t)offsetof(global_State, field))
+
+/* Trace number is determined from per-trace exit stubs. */
+#define emit_setvmstate(as, i)		UNUSED(i)
+
+/* -- Emit control-flow instructions -------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Label for internal jumps. */
+typedef MCode *MCLabel;
+
+/* Return label pointing to current PC. */
+#define emit_label(as)		((as)->mcp)
+
+static void emit_branch(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg rs1, Reg rs2, MCode *target, int jump)
+{
+  MCode *p = as->mcp;
+  ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 1);
+  switch (jump) {
+    case -1:
+      lj_assertA(RISCVF_SIMM_OK(delta, 13), "branch target out of range"); /* B */
+      *--p = riscvi | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_IMMB(delta);
+      break;
+    case 0: case 1:
+      lj_assertA(RISCVF_SIMM_OK(delta, 21), "branch target out of range"); /* ^B+J */
+      if (checki13(delta) && !jump) {
+  *--p = riscvi | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_IMMB(delta);
+  *--p = RISCVI_NOP;
+      } else {
+  *--p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta); /* Poorman's trampoline */
+  *--p = (riscvi^0x00001000) | RISCVF_S1(rs1) | RISCVF_S2(rs2) | RISCVF_IMMB(8);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      lj_assertA(0, "invalid jump type");
+      break;
+  }
+  as->mcp = p;
+}
+
+static void emit_jump(ASMState *as, MCode *target, int jump)
+{
+  MCode *p = as->mcp;
+  ptrdiff_t delta;
+  switch(jump) {
+    case -1:
+      delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 1);
+      lj_assertA(RISCVF_SIMM_OK(delta, 21), "jump target out of range"); /* J */
+      *--p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta);
+      break;
+    case 0: case 1:
+      delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 2);
+      lj_assertA(checki32auipc(delta), "jump target out of range"); /* AUIPC+JALR */
+      if (checki21(delta) && !jump) {
+  *--p = RISCVI_NOP;
+  *--p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta);
+      } else {
+  *--p = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(delta));
+  *--p = RISCVI_AUIPC | RISCVF_D(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(delta));
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      lj_assertA(0, "invalid jump type");
+      break;
+  }
+  as->mcp = p;
+}
+
+#define emit_jmp(as, target)	emit_jump(as, target, 0)
+
+#define emit_mv(as, dst, src) \
+  emit_ds(as, RISCVI_MV, (dst), (src))
+
+static void emit_call(ASMState *as, void *target, int needcfa)
+{
+  MCode *p = as->mcp;
+  ptrdiff_t delta = (char *)target - (char *)(p - 2);
+  if (checki21(delta)) {
+    *--p = RISCVI_NOP;
+    *--p = RISCVI_JAL | RISCVF_D(RID_RA) | RISCVF_IMMJ(delta);
+  } else if (checki32(delta)) {
+    *--p = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_D(RID_RA) | RISCVF_S1(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMI(RISCVF_LO(delta));
+    *--p = RISCVI_AUIPC | RISCVF_D(RID_TMP) | RISCVF_IMMU(RISCVF_HI(delta));
+    needcfa = 1;
+  } else {
+    *--p = RISCVI_JALR | RISCVF_D(RID_RA) | RISCVF_S1(RID_CFUNCADDR) | RISCVF_IMMI(0);
+    needcfa = 2;
+  }
+  as->mcp = p;
+  if (needcfa > 1)
+    ra_allockreg(as, (intptr_t)target, RID_CFUNCADDR);
+}
+
+/* -- Emit generic operations --------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Generic move between two regs. */
+static void emit_movrr(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, Reg dst, Reg src)
+{
+  if (src < RID_MAX_GPR && dst < RID_MAX_GPR)
+    emit_mv(as, dst, src);
+  else if (src < RID_MAX_GPR)
+    emit_ds(as, irt_isnum(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FMV_D_X : RISCVI_FMV_W_X, dst, src);
+  else if (dst < RID_MAX_GPR)
+    emit_ds(as, irt_isnum(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FMV_X_D : RISCVI_FMV_X_W, dst, src);
+  else
+    emit_ds1s2(as, irt_isnum(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FMV_D : RISCVI_FMV_S, dst, src, src);
+}
+
+/* Emit an arithmetic operation with a constant operand. */
+static void emit_opk(ASMState *as, RISCVIns riscvi, Reg dest, Reg src,
+         Reg tmp, intptr_t k)
+{
+  if (checki12(k)) emit_dsi(as, riscvi, dest, src, k);
+  else {
+    switch (riscvi) {
+      case RISCVI_ADDI: riscvi = RISCVI_ADD; break;
+      case RISCVI_XORI: riscvi = RISCVI_XOR; break;
+      case RISCVI_ORI: riscvi = RISCVI_OR; break;
+      case RISCVI_ANDI: riscvi = RISCVI_AND; break;
+      default: lj_assertA(0, "NYI arithmetic RISCVIns"); return;
+    }
+    emit_ds1s2(as, riscvi, dest, src, tmp);
+    emit_loadu64(as, tmp, (uintptr_t)k);
+  }
+}
+
+/* Generic load of register with base and (small) offset address. */
+static void emit_loadofs(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, Reg r, Reg base, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  if (r < RID_MAX_GPR)
+    emit_lso(as, irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_LD : RISCVI_LW, r, base, ofs);
+  else
+    emit_lso(as, irt_isnum(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FLD : RISCVI_FLW, r, base, ofs);
+}
+
+/* Generic store of register with base and (small) offset address. */
+static void emit_storeofs(ASMState *as, IRIns *ir, Reg r, Reg base, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  if (r < RID_MAX_GPR)
+    emit_lso(as, irt_is64(ir->t) ? RISCVI_SD : RISCVI_SW, r, base, ofs);
+  else
+    emit_lso(as, irt_isnum(ir->t) ? RISCVI_FSD : RISCVI_FSW, r, base, ofs);
+}
+
+/* Add offset to pointer. */
+static void emit_addptr(ASMState *as, Reg r, int32_t ofs)
+{
+  if (ofs)
+    emit_opk(as, RISCVI_ADDI, r, r, RID_TMP, ofs);
+}
+
+
+#define emit_spsub(as, ofs)	emit_addptr(as, RID_SP, -(ofs))
--- a/src/lj_frame.h
+++ b/src/lj_frame.h
@@ -287,6 +287,15 @@ enum { LJ_CONT_TAILCALL, LJ_CONT_FFI_CAL
 ** need to change to 3.
 */
 #define CFRAME_SHIFT_MULTRES	0
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#define CFRAME_OFS_ERRF		252
+#define CFRAME_OFS_NRES		248
+#define CFRAME_OFS_PREV		240
+#define CFRAME_OFS_L		232
+#define CFRAME_OFS_PC		224
+#define CFRAME_OFS_MULTRES	0
+#define CFRAME_SIZE		256
+#define CFRAME_SHIFT_MULTRES	3
 #else
 #error "Missing CFRAME_* definitions for this architecture"
 #endif
--- a/src/lj_gdbjit.c
+++ b/src/lj_gdbjit.c
@@ -306,6 +306,9 @@ enum {
 #elif LJ_TARGET_MIPS
   DW_REG_SP = 29,
   DW_REG_RA = 31,
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  DW_REG_SP = 2,
+  DW_REG_RA = 1,
 #else
 #error "Unsupported target architecture"
 #endif
@@ -383,6 +386,8 @@ static const ELFheader elfhdr_template =
   .machine = 20,
 #elif LJ_TARGET_MIPS
   .machine = 8,
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  .machine = 243,
 #else
 #error "Unsupported target architecture"
 #endif
@@ -591,6 +596,16 @@ static void LJ_FASTCALL gdbjit_ehframe(G
       for (i = 23; i >= 16; i--) { DB(DW_CFA_offset|i); DUV(26-i); }
       for (i = 30; i >= 20; i -= 2) { DB(DW_CFA_offset|32|i); DUV(42-i); }
     }
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+    {
+      int i;
+      for (i = 27; i >= 18; i--) { DB(DW_CFA_offset|i); DUV(27-i+7); }
+      DB(DW_CFA_offset|9); DUV(17);
+      DB(DW_CFA_offset|8); DUV(18);
+      for (i = 27; i >= 18; i--) { DB(DW_CFA_offset|32|i); DUV(27-i+19); }
+      DB(DW_CFA_offset|32|9); DUV(29);
+      DB(DW_CFA_offset|32|8); DUV(30);
+    }
 #else
 #error "Unsupported target architecture"
 #endif
--- a/src/lj_jit.h
+++ b/src/lj_jit.h
@@ -68,6 +68,46 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+
+#define JIT_F_RVC		(JIT_F_CPU << 0)
+#define JIT_F_RVZba		(JIT_F_CPU << 1)
+#define JIT_F_RVZbb		(JIT_F_CPU << 2)
+#define JIT_F_RVZicond		(JIT_F_CPU << 3)
+#define JIT_F_RVZfa		(JIT_F_CPU << 4)
+#define JIT_F_RVXThead		(JIT_F_CPU << 5)
+
+#define JIT_F_CPUSTRING		"\003RVC\003Zba\003Zbb\006Zicond\003Zfa\006XThead"
+
+#if LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#ifndef __NR_riscv_hwprobe
+#ifndef __NR_arch_specific_syscall
+#define __NR_arch_specific_syscall 244
+#endif
+#define __NR_riscv_hwprobe (__NR_arch_specific_syscall + 14)
+#endif
+
+struct riscv_hwprobe {
+    int64_t key;
+    uint64_t value;
+};
+
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_MVENDORID     0
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_MARCHID       1
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_MIMPID        2
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_BASE_BEHAVIOR 3
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_KEY_IMA_EXT_0     4
+
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_IMA_C      (1 << 1)
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZBA    (1 << 3)
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZBB    (1 << 4)
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZFA    (1ULL << 32)
+#define RISCV_HWPROBE_EXT_ZICOND (1ULL << 35)
+
+#endif
+
 #else
 
 #define JIT_F_CPUSTRING		""
--- a/src/lj_mcode.c
+++ b/src/lj_mcode.c
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@
 void sys_icache_invalidate(void *start, size_t len);
 #endif
 
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64 && LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/cachectl.h>
+#endif
+
 /* Synchronize data/instruction cache. */
 void lj_mcode_sync(void *start, void *end)
 {
@@ -52,6 +58,17 @@ void lj_mcode_sync(void *start, void *en
   sys_icache_invalidate(start, (char *)end-(char *)start);
 #elif LJ_TARGET_PPC
   lj_vm_cachesync(start, end);
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64 && LJ_TARGET_LINUX
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__))
+  __asm__ volatile("fence rw, rw");
+#else
+  lj_vm_fence_rw_rw();
+#endif
+#ifdef __GLIBC__
+  __riscv_flush_icache(start, end, 0);
+#else
+  syscall(__NR_riscv_flush_icache, start, end, 0UL);
+#endif
 #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
   __clear_cache(start, end);
 #else
--- a/src/lj_target.h
+++ b/src/lj_target.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ typedef uint32_t RegSP;
 /* Bitset for registers. 32 registers suffice for most architectures.
 ** Note that one set holds bits for both GPRs and FPRs.
 */
-#if LJ_TARGET_PPC || LJ_TARGET_MIPS || LJ_TARGET_ARM64
+#if LJ_TARGET_PPC || LJ_TARGET_MIPS || LJ_TARGET_ARM64 || LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
 typedef uint64_t RegSet;
 #define RSET_BITS		6
 #define rset_picktop_(rs)	((Reg)lj_fls64(rs))
@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ typedef uint32_t RegCost;
 #include "lj_target_mips.h"
 #elif LJ_TARGET_S390X
 #include "lj_target_s390x.h"
+#elif LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+#include "lj_target_riscv.h"
 #else
 #error "Missing include for target CPU"
 #endif
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lj_target_riscv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+/*
+** Definitions for RISC-V CPUs.
+** Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef _LJ_TARGET_RISCV_H
+#define _LJ_TARGET_RISCV_H
+
+/* -- Registers IDs ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define GPRDEF(_) \
+  _(X0) _(RA) _(SP) _(X3) _(X4) _(X5) _(X6) _(X7) \
+  _(X8) _(X9) _(X10) _(X11) _(X12) _(X13) _(X14) _(X15) \
+  _(X16) _(X17) _(X18) _(X19) _(X20) _(X21) _(X22) _(X23) \
+  _(X24) _(X25) _(X26) _(X27) _(X28) _(X29) _(X30) _(X31)
+#define FPRDEF(_) \
+  _(F0) _(F1) _(F2) _(F3) _(F4) _(F5) _(F6) _(F7) \
+  _(F8) _(F9) _(F10) _(F11) _(F12) _(F13) _(F14) _(F15) \
+  _(F16) _(F17) _(F18) _(F19) _(F20) _(F21) _(F22) _(F23) \
+  _(F24) _(F25) _(F26) _(F27) _(F28) _(F29) _(F30) _(F31)
+#define VRIDDEF(_)
+
+#define RIDENUM(name)	RID_##name,
+
+enum {
+  GPRDEF(RIDENUM)		/* General-purpose registers (GPRs). */
+  FPRDEF(RIDENUM)		/* Floating-point registers (FPRs). */
+  RID_MAX,
+  RID_ZERO = RID_X0,
+  RID_TMP = RID_RA,
+  RID_GP = RID_X3,
+  RID_TP = RID_X4,
+
+  /* Calling conventions. */
+  RID_RET = RID_X10,
+  RID_RETLO = RID_X10,
+  RID_RETHI = RID_X11,
+  RID_FPRET = RID_F10,
+  RID_CFUNCADDR = RID_X5,
+
+  /* These definitions must match with the *.dasc file(s): */
+  RID_BASE = RID_X18,		/* Interpreter BASE. */
+  RID_LPC = RID_X20,		/* Interpreter PC. */
+  RID_GL = RID_X21,		/* Interpreter GL. */
+  RID_LREG = RID_X23,		/* Interpreter L. */
+
+  /* Register ranges [min, max) and number of registers. */
+  RID_MIN_GPR = RID_X0,
+  RID_MAX_GPR = RID_X31+1,
+  RID_MIN_FPR = RID_MAX_GPR,
+  RID_MAX_FPR = RID_F31+1,
+  RID_NUM_GPR = RID_MAX_GPR - RID_MIN_GPR,
+  RID_NUM_FPR = RID_MAX_FPR - RID_MIN_FPR	/* Only even regs are used. */
+};
+
+#define RID_NUM_KREF		RID_NUM_GPR
+#define RID_MIN_KREF		RID_X0
+
+/* -- Register sets ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Make use of all registers, except ZERO, TMP, SP, GP, TP, CFUNCADDR and GL. */
+#define RSET_FIXED \
+  (RID2RSET(RID_ZERO)|RID2RSET(RID_TMP)|RID2RSET(RID_SP)|\
+   RID2RSET(RID_GP)|RID2RSET(RID_TP)|RID2RSET(RID_GL))
+#define RSET_GPR	(RSET_RANGE(RID_MIN_GPR, RID_MAX_GPR) - RSET_FIXED)
+#define RSET_FPR	RSET_RANGE(RID_MIN_FPR, RID_MAX_FPR)
+
+#define RSET_ALL	(RSET_GPR|RSET_FPR)
+#define RSET_INIT	RSET_ALL
+
+#define RSET_SCRATCH_GPR \
+  (RSET_RANGE(RID_X5, RID_X7+1)|RSET_RANGE(RID_X28, RID_X31+1)|\
+   RSET_RANGE(RID_X10, RID_X17+1))
+
+#define RSET_SCRATCH_FPR \
+  (RSET_RANGE(RID_F0, RID_F7+1)|RSET_RANGE(RID_F10, RID_F17+1)|\
+   RSET_RANGE(RID_F28, RID_F31+1))
+#define RSET_SCRATCH		(RSET_SCRATCH_GPR|RSET_SCRATCH_FPR)
+
+#define REGARG_FIRSTGPR		RID_X10
+#define REGARG_LASTGPR		RID_X17
+#define REGARG_NUMGPR		8
+
+#define REGARG_FIRSTFPR		RID_F10
+#define REGARG_LASTFPR		RID_F17
+#define REGARG_NUMFPR		8
+
+/* -- Spill slots --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Spill slots are 32 bit wide. An even/odd pair is used for FPRs.
+**
+** SPS_FIXED: Available fixed spill slots in interpreter frame.
+** This definition must match with the *.dasc file(s).
+**
+** SPS_FIRST: First spill slot for general use.
+*/
+#if LJ_32
+#define SPS_FIXED	5
+#else
+#define SPS_FIXED	4
+#endif
+#define SPS_FIRST	4
+
+#define SPOFS_TMP	0
+
+#define sps_scale(slot)		(4 * (int32_t)(slot))
+#define sps_align(slot)		(((slot) - SPS_FIXED + 3) & ~3)
+
+/* -- Exit state ---------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* This definition must match with the *.dasc file(s). */
+typedef struct {
+  lua_Number fpr[RID_NUM_FPR];	/* Floating-point registers. */
+  intptr_t gpr[RID_NUM_GPR];	/* General-purpose registers. */
+  int32_t spill[256];		/* Spill slots. */
+} ExitState;
+
+/* Highest exit + 1 indicates stack check. */
+#define EXITSTATE_CHECKEXIT	1
+
+/* Return the address of a per-trace exit stub. */
+static LJ_AINLINE uint32_t *exitstub_trace_addr_(uint32_t *p, uint32_t exitno)
+{
+  while (*p == 0x00000013) p++;  /* Skip RISCVI_NOP. */
+  return p + 4 + exitno;
+}
+/* Avoid dependence on lj_jit.h if only including lj_target.h. */
+#define exitstub_trace_addr(T, exitno) \
+  exitstub_trace_addr_((MCode *)((char *)(T)->mcode + (T)->szmcode), (exitno))
+
+/* -- Instructions -------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Instruction fields. */
+#define RISCVF_D(d)	(((d)&31) << 7)
+#define RISCVF_S1(r)	(((r)&31) << 15)
+#define RISCVF_S2(r)	(((r)&31) << 20)
+#define RISCVF_S3(r)	(((r)&31) << 27)
+#define RISCVF_FUNCT2(f)	(((f)&3) << 25)
+#define RISCVF_FUNCT3(f)	(((f)&7) << 12)
+#define RISCVF_FUNCT7(f)	(((f)&127) << 25)
+#define RISCVF_SHAMT(s)	((s) << 20)
+#define RISCVF_RM(m)	(((m)&7) << 12)
+#define RISCVF_IMMI(i)	((i) << 20)
+#define RISCVF_IMMS(i)	(((i)&0xfe0) << 20 | ((i)&0x1f) << 7)
+#define RISCVF_IMMB(i)	(((i)&0x1000) << 19 | ((i)&0x800) >> 4 | ((i)&0x7e0) << 20 | ((i)&0x1e) << 7)
+#define RISCVF_IMMU(i)	(((i)&0xfffff) << 12)
+#define RISCVF_IMMJ(i)	(((i)&0x100000) << 11 | ((i)&0xff000) | ((i)&0x800) << 9 | ((i)&0x7fe) << 20)
+
+/* Encode helpers. */
+#define RISCVF_W_HI(w)  ((w) - ((((w)&0xfff)^0x800) - 0x800))
+#define RISCVF_W_LO(w)  ((w)&0xfff)
+#define RISCVF_HI(i)	((RISCVF_W_HI(i) >> 12) & 0xfffff)
+#define RISCVF_LO(i)	RISCVF_W_LO(i)
+
+/* Check for valid field range. */
+#define RISCVF_SIMM_OK(x, b)	((((x) + (1 << (b-1))) >> (b)) == 0)
+#define RISCVF_UIMM_OK(x, b)	(((x) >> (b)) == 0)
+#define checku11(i)		RISCVF_UIMM_OK(i, 11)
+#define checki12(i)		RISCVF_SIMM_OK(i, 12)
+#define checki13(i)		RISCVF_SIMM_OK(i, 13)
+#define checki20(i)		RISCVF_SIMM_OK(i, 20)
+#define checki21(i)		RISCVF_SIMM_OK(i, 21)
+#define checki32auipc(i) (checki32(i) && (int32_t)(i) < 0x7ffff800)
+
+typedef enum RISCVIns {
+
+  /* --- RVI --- */
+  RISCVI_LUI = 0x00000037,
+  RISCVI_AUIPC = 0x00000017,
+
+  RISCVI_JAL = 0x0000006f,
+  RISCVI_JALR = 0x00000067,
+
+  RISCVI_ADDI = 0x00000013,
+  RISCVI_SLTI = 0x00002013,
+  RISCVI_SLTIU = 0x00003013,
+  RISCVI_XORI = 0x00004013,
+  RISCVI_ORI = 0x00006013,
+  RISCVI_ANDI = 0x00007013,
+
+  RISCVI_SLLI = 0x00001013,
+  RISCVI_SRLI = 0x00005013,
+  RISCVI_SRAI = 0x40005013,
+
+  RISCVI_ADD = 0x00000033,
+  RISCVI_SUB = 0x40000033,
+  RISCVI_SLL = 0x00001033,
+  RISCVI_SLT = 0x00002033,
+  RISCVI_SLTU = 0x00003033,
+  RISCVI_XOR = 0x00004033,
+  RISCVI_SRL = 0x00005033,
+  RISCVI_SRA = 0x40005033,
+  RISCVI_OR = 0x00006033,
+  RISCVI_AND = 0x00007033,
+
+  RISCVI_LB = 0x00000003,
+  RISCVI_LH = 0x00001003,
+  RISCVI_LW = 0x00002003,
+  RISCVI_LBU = 0x00004003,
+  RISCVI_LHU = 0x00005003,
+  RISCVI_SB = 0x00000023,
+  RISCVI_SH = 0x00001023,
+  RISCVI_SW = 0x00002023,
+
+  RISCVI_BEQ = 0x00000063,
+  RISCVI_BNE = 0x00001063,
+  RISCVI_BLT = 0x00004063,
+  RISCVI_BGE = 0x00005063,
+  RISCVI_BLTU = 0x00006063,
+  RISCVI_BGEU = 0x00007063,
+
+  RISCVI_ECALL = 0x00000073,
+  RISCVI_EBREAK = 0x00100073,
+
+  RISCVI_NOP = 0x00000013,
+  RISCVI_MV = 0x00000013,
+  RISCVI_NOT = 0xfff04013,
+  RISCVI_NEG = 0x40000033,
+  RISCVI_RET = 0x00008067,
+  RISCVI_ZEXT_B = 0x0ff07013,
+
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_LWU = 0x00007003,
+  RISCVI_LD = 0x00003003,
+  RISCVI_SD = 0x00003023,
+
+  RISCVI_ADDIW = 0x0000001b,
+
+  RISCVI_SLLIW = 0x0000101b,
+  RISCVI_SRLIW = 0x0000501b,
+  RISCVI_SRAIW = 0x4000501b,
+
+  RISCVI_ADDW = 0x0000003b,
+  RISCVI_SUBW = 0x4000003b,
+  RISCVI_SLLW = 0x0000103b,
+  RISCVI_SRLW = 0x0000503b,
+  RISCVI_SRAW = 0x4000503b,
+
+  RISCVI_NEGW = 0x4000003b,
+  RISCVI_SEXT_W = 0x0000001b,
+#endif
+
+  /* --- RVM --- */
+  RISCVI_MUL = 0x02000033,
+  RISCVI_MULH = 0x02001033,
+  RISCVI_MULHSU = 0x02002033,
+  RISCVI_MULHU = 0x02003033,
+  RISCVI_DIV = 0x02004033,
+  RISCVI_DIVU = 0x02005033,
+  RISCVI_REM = 0x02006033,
+  RISCVI_REMU = 0x02007033,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_MULW = 0x0200003b,
+  RISCVI_DIVW = 0x0200403b,
+  RISCVI_DIVUW = 0x0200503b,
+  RISCVI_REMW = 0x0200603b,
+  RISCVI_REMUW = 0x0200703b,
+#endif
+
+  /* --- RVF --- */
+  RISCVI_FLW = 0x00002007,
+  RISCVI_FSW = 0x00002027,
+
+  RISCVI_FMADD_S = 0x00000043,
+  RISCVI_FMSUB_S = 0x00000047,
+  RISCVI_FNMSUB_S = 0x0000004b,
+  RISCVI_FNMADD_S = 0x0000004f,
+
+  RISCVI_FADD_S = 0x00000053,
+  RISCVI_FSUB_S = 0x08000053,
+  RISCVI_FMUL_S = 0x10000053,
+  RISCVI_FDIV_S = 0x18000053,
+  RISCVI_FSQRT_S = 0x58000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FSGNJ_S = 0x20000053,
+  RISCVI_FSGNJN_S = 0x20001053,
+  RISCVI_FSGNJX_S = 0x20002053,
+
+  RISCVI_FMIN_S = 0x28000053,
+  RISCVI_FMAX_S = 0x28001053,
+
+  RISCVI_FCVT_W_S = 0xc0000053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_WU_S = 0xc0100053,
+
+  RISCVI_FMV_X_W = 0xe0000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FEQ_S = 0xa0002053,
+  RISCVI_FLT_S = 0xa0001053,
+  RISCVI_FLE_S = 0xa0000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FCLASS_S = 0xe0001053,
+
+  RISCVI_FCVT_S_W = 0xd0000053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_S_WU = 0xd0100053,
+  RISCVI_FMV_W_X = 0xf0000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FMV_S = 0x20000053,
+  RISCVI_FNEG_S = 0x20001053,
+  RISCVI_FABS_S = 0x20002053,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_FCVT_L_S = 0xc0200053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_LU_S = 0xc0300053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_S_L = 0xd0200053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_S_LU = 0xd0300053,
+#endif
+
+  /* --- RVD --- */
+  RISCVI_FLD = 0x00003007,
+  RISCVI_FSD = 0x00003027,
+
+  RISCVI_FMADD_D = 0x02000043,
+  RISCVI_FMSUB_D = 0x02000047,
+  RISCVI_FNMSUB_D = 0x0200004b,
+  RISCVI_FNMADD_D = 0x0200004f,
+
+  RISCVI_FADD_D = 0x02000053,
+  RISCVI_FSUB_D = 0x0a000053,
+  RISCVI_FMUL_D = 0x12000053,
+  RISCVI_FDIV_D = 0x1a000053,
+  RISCVI_FSQRT_D = 0x5a000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FSGNJ_D = 0x22000053,
+  RISCVI_FSGNJN_D = 0x22001053,
+  RISCVI_FSGNJX_D = 0x22002053,
+
+  RISCVI_FMIN_D = 0x2a000053,
+  RISCVI_FMAX_D = 0x2a001053,
+
+  RISCVI_FCVT_S_D = 0x40100053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_D_S = 0x42000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FEQ_D = 0xa2002053,
+  RISCVI_FLT_D = 0xa2001053,
+  RISCVI_FLE_D = 0xa2000053,
+
+  RISCVI_FCLASS_D = 0xe2001053,
+
+  RISCVI_FCVT_W_D = 0xc2000053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_WU_D = 0xc2100053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_D_W = 0xd2000053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_D_WU = 0xd2100053,
+
+  RISCVI_FMV_D = 0x22000053,
+  RISCVI_FNEG_D = 0x22001053,
+  RISCVI_FABS_D = 0x22002053,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_FCVT_L_D = 0xc2200053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_LU_D = 0xc2300053,
+  RISCVI_FMV_X_D = 0xe2000053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_D_L = 0xd2200053,
+  RISCVI_FCVT_D_LU = 0xd2300053,
+  RISCVI_FMV_D_X = 0xf2000053,
+#endif
+
+  /* --- Zifencei --- */
+  RISCVI_FENCE = 0x0000000f,
+  RISCVI_FENCE_I = 0x0000100f,
+
+  /* --- Zicsr --- */
+  RISCVI_CSRRW = 0x00001073,
+  RISCVI_CSRRS = 0x00002073,
+  RISCVI_CSRRC = 0x00003073,
+  RISCVI_CSRRWI = 0x00005073,
+  RISCVI_CSRRSI = 0x00006073,
+  RISCVI_CSRRCI = 0x00007073,
+
+  /* --- RVB --- */
+  /* Zba */
+  RISCVI_SH1ADD = 0x20002033,
+  RISCVI_SH2ADD = 0x20004033,
+  RISCVI_SH3ADD = 0x20006033,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_ADD_UW = 0x0800003b,
+
+  RISCVI_SH1ADD_UW = 0x2000203b,
+  RISCVI_SH2ADD_UW = 0x2000403b,
+  RISCVI_SH3ADD_UW = 0x2000603b,
+
+  RISCVI_SLLI_UW = 0x0800101b,
+
+  RISCVI_ZEXT_W = 0x0800003b,
+#endif
+  /* Zbb */
+  RISCVI_ANDN = 0x40007033,
+  RISCVI_ORN = 0x40006033,
+  RISCVI_XNOR = 0x40004033,
+
+  RISCVI_CLZ = 0x60001013,
+  RISCVI_CTZ = 0x60101013,
+
+  RISCVI_CPOP = 0x60201013,
+
+  RISCVI_MAX = 0x0a006033,
+  RISCVI_MAXU = 0x0a007033,
+  RISCVI_MIN = 0x0a004033,
+  RISCVI_MINU = 0x0a005033,
+
+  RISCVI_SEXT_B = 0x60401013,
+  RISCVI_SEXT_H = 0x60501013,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_ZEXT_H = 0x0800403b,
+#endif
+
+  RISCVI_ROL = 0x60001033,
+  RISCVI_ROR = 0x60005033,
+  RISCVI_RORI = 0x60005013,
+
+  RISCVI_ORC_B = 0x28705013,
+
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_REV8 = 0x6b805013,
+
+  RISCVI_CLZW = 0x6000101b,
+  RISCVI_CTZW = 0x6010101b,
+
+  RISCVI_CPOPW = 0x6020101b,
+
+  RISCVI_ROLW = 0x6000103b,
+  RISCVI_RORIW = 0x6000501b,
+  RISCVI_RORW = 0x6000503b,
+#endif
+  /* NYI: Zbc, Zbs */
+
+  /* --- Zicond --- */
+  RISCVI_CZERO_EQZ = 0x0e005033,
+  RISCVI_CZERO_NEZ = 0x0e007033,
+
+  /* --- Zfa --- */
+  RISCVI_FLI_S = 0xf0100053,
+  RISCVI_FMINM_S = 0x28002053,
+  RISCVI_FMAXM_S = 0x28003053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_S = 0x40400053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_S = 0x40500053,
+  RISCVI_FCVTMOD_W_D = 0xc2801053,
+  RISCVI_FLEQ_S = 0xa0004053,
+  RISCVI_FLTQ_S = 0xa0005053,
+  RISCVI_FLI_D = 0xf2100053,
+  RISCVI_FMINM_D = 0x2a002053,
+  RISCVI_FMAXM_D = 0x2a003053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_D = 0x42400053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_D = 0x42500053,
+  RISCVI_FLEQ_D = 0xa2004053,
+  RISCVI_FLTQ_D = 0xa2005053,
+
+  RISCVI_FROUND_S_RTZ = 0x40401053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_S_RDN = 0x40402053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_S_RUP = 0x40403053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_S_RTZ = 0x40501053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_S_RDN = 0x40502053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_S_RUP = 0x40503053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_D_RTZ = 0x42401053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_D_RDN = 0x42402053,
+  RISCVI_FROUND_D_RUP = 0x42403053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_D_RTZ = 0x42501053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_D_RDN = 0x42502053,
+  RISCVI_FROUNDNX_D_RUP = 0x42503053,
+
+  /* TBD: RVV?, RVP?, RVJ? */
+
+  /* --- XThead* --- */
+  /* XTHeadBa */
+  RISCVI_TH_ADDSL = 0x0000100b,
+
+  /* XTHeadBb */
+  RISCVI_TH_SRRI = 0x1000100b,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_TH_SRRIW = 0x1400100b,
+#endif
+  RISCVI_TH_EXT = 0x0000200b,
+  RISCVI_TH_EXTU = 0x0000300b,
+  RISCVI_TH_FF0 = 0x8400100b,
+  RISCVI_TH_FF1 = 0x8600100b,
+  RISCVI_TH_REV = 0x8200100b,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_TH_REVW = 0x9000100b,
+#endif
+  RISCVI_TH_TSTNBZ = 0x8000100b,
+
+  /* XTHeadBs */
+  RISCVI_TH_TST = 0x8800100b,
+
+  /* XTHeadCondMov */
+  RISCVI_TH_MVEQZ = 0x4000100b,
+  RISCVI_TH_MVNEZ = 0x4200100b,
+
+  /* XTHeadMac */
+  RISCVI_TH_MULA = 0x2000100b,
+  RISCVI_TH_MULAH = 0x2800100b,
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+  RISCVI_TH_MULAW = 0x2400100b,
+#endif
+  RISCVI_TH_MULS = 0x2200100b,
+  RISCVI_TH_MULSH = 0x2a00100b,
+  RISCVI_TH_MULSW = 0x2600100b,
+
+  /* NYI: XTHeadMemIdx, XTHeadFMemIdx, XTHeadMemPair */
+} RISCVIns;
+
+typedef enum RISCVRM {
+  RISCVRM_RNE = 0,
+  RISCVRM_RTZ = 1,
+  RISCVRM_RDN = 2,
+  RISCVRM_RUP = 3,
+  RISCVRM_RMM = 4,
+  RISCVRM_DYN = 7,
+} RISCVRM;
+
+static const uint16_t riscv_fli_map_hi16[32] = {
+  0xbff0u, // -1
+  0x0010u, // min
+  0x3ef0u, // 2^-16
+  0x3f00u, // 2^-15
+  0x3f70u, // 2^-8
+  0x3f80u, // 2^-7
+  0x3fb0u, // 2^-4
+  0x3fc0u, // 2^-3, 0.125
+  0x3fd0u, // 2^-2, 0.25
+  0x3fd4u, // 0.3125
+  0x3fd8u, // 0.375
+  0x3fdcu, // 0.4375
+  0x3fe0u, // 0.5
+  0x3fe4u, // 0.625
+  0x3fe8u, // 0.75
+  0x3fecu, // 0.875
+  0x3ff0u, // 1
+  0x3ff4u, // 1.25
+  0x3ff8u, // 1.5
+  0x3ffcu, // 1.75
+  0x4000u, // 2
+  0x4004u, // 2.5
+  0x4008u, // 3
+  0x4010u, // 4
+  0x4020u, // 8
+  0x4030u, // 16
+  0x4060u, // 128
+  0x4070u, // 256
+  0x40e0u, // 2^15, 32768
+  0x40f0u, // 2^16, 65536
+  0x7ff0u, // inf
+  0x7ff8u, // canonical nan
+};
+
+#endif
--- a/src/lj_vm.h
+++ b/src/lj_vm.h
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ LJ_ASMF int lj_vm_cpuid(uint32_t f, uint
 #if LJ_TARGET_PPC
 void lj_vm_cachesync(void *start, void *end);
 #endif
+#if LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
+void lj_vm_fence_rw_rw();
+#endif
 LJ_ASMF LJ_CONSTF double lj_vm_foldarith(double x, double y, int op);
 #if LJ_HASJIT
 LJ_ASMF LJ_CONSTF double lj_vm_foldfpm(double x, int op);
--- a/src/lj_vmmath.c
+++ b/src/lj_vmmath.c
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ double lj_vm_foldarith(double x, double
 
 /* -- Helper functions for generated machine code ------------------------- */
 
-#if (LJ_HASJIT && !(LJ_TARGET_ARM || LJ_TARGET_ARM64 || LJ_TARGET_PPC)) || LJ_TARGET_MIPS
+#if (LJ_HASJIT && !(LJ_TARGET_ARM || LJ_TARGET_ARM64 || LJ_TARGET_PPC)) || LJ_TARGET_MIPS \
+ || LJ_TARGET_RISCV64
 int32_t LJ_FASTCALL lj_vm_modi(int32_t a, int32_t b)
 {
   uint32_t y, ua, ub;
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/vm_riscv64.dasc
@@ -0,0 +1,4810 @@
+|// Low-level VM code for RISC-V 64 CPUs.
+|// Bytecode interpreter, fast functions and helper functions.
+|// Copyright (C) 2005-2025 Mike Pall. See Copyright Notice in luajit.h
+|//
+|// Contributed by gns from PLCT Lab, ISCAS.
+|
+|.arch riscv64
+|.section code_op, code_sub
+|
+|.actionlist build_actionlist
+|.globals GLOB_
+|.globalnames globnames
+|.externnames extnames
+|
+|// Note: The ragged indentation of the instructions is intentional.
+|//       The starting columns indicate data dependencies.
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|// Fixed register assignments for the interpreter.
+|// Don't use: x0 = 0, x1 = ra, x2 = sp, x3 = gp, x4 = tp
+|
+|
+|// The following must be C callee-save (but BASE is often refetched).
+|.define BASE,		x18	// Base of current Lua stack frame.
+|.define KBASE,		x19	// Constants of current Lua function.
+|.define PC,		x20	// Next PC.
+|.define GLREG,		x21	// Global state.
+|.define DISPATCH,	x22	// Opcode dispatch table.
+|.define LREG,		x23	// Register holding lua_State (also in SAVE_L).
+|.define MULTRES,	x24	// Size of multi-result: (nresults+1)*8.
+|
+|// Constants for type-comparisons, stores and conversions. C callee-save.
+|.define TISNIL,	x8
+|.define TISNUM,	x25
+|.define TOBIT,		f27	// 2^52 + 2^51.
+|
+|// The following temporaries are not saved across C calls, except for RA.
+|.define RA,		x9	// Callee-save.
+|.define RB,		x14
+|.define RC,		x15
+|.define RD,		x16
+|.define INS,		x17
+|
+|.define TMP0,		x6
+|.define TMP1,		x7
+|.define TMP2,		x28
+|.define TMP3,		x29
+|.define TMP4,		x30
+|
+|// RISC-V lp64d calling convention.
+|.define CFUNCADDR,	x5
+|.define CARG1,		x10
+|.define CARG2,		x11
+|.define CARG3,		x12
+|.define CARG4,		x13
+|.define CARG5,		x14
+|.define CARG6,		x15
+|.define CARG7,		x16
+|.define CARG8,		x17
+|
+|.define CRET1,		x10
+|.define CRET2,		x11
+|
+|.define FARG1,		f10
+|.define FARG2,		f11
+|.define FARG3,		f12
+|.define FARG4,		f13
+|.define FARG5,		f14
+|.define FARG6,		f15
+|.define FARG7,		f16
+|.define FARG8,		f17
+|
+|.define FRET1,		f10
+|.define FRET2,		f11
+|
+|.define FTMP0,		f0
+|.define FTMP1,		f1
+|.define FTMP2,		f2
+|.define FTMP3,		f3
+|.define FTMP4,		f4
+|
+|// Stack layout while in interpreter. Must match with lj_frame.h.
+|// RISC-V 64 lp64d.
+|
+|.define CFRAME_SPACE,	256	// Delta for sp.
+|
+|//----- 16 byte aligned, <-- sp entering interpreter
+|.define SAVE_ERRF,	252	// 32 bit values.
+|.define SAVE_NRES,	248
+|.define SAVE_CFRAME,	240	// 64 bit values.
+|.define SAVE_L,	232
+|.define SAVE_PC,	224
+|//----- 16 byte aligned
+|// Padding		216
+|.define SAVE_GPR_,	112	// .. 112+13*8: 64 bit GPR saves.
+|.define SAVE_FPR_,	16	// .. 16+12*8: 64 bit FPR saves.
+|
+|
+|.define TMPD,		0
+|//----- 16 byte aligned
+|
+|.define TMPD_OFS,	0
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|.macro saveregs
+|  addi sp, sp, -CFRAME_SPACE
+|  fsd f27, SAVE_FPR_+11*8(sp)
+|  fsd f26, SAVE_FPR_+10*8(sp)
+|  fsd f25, SAVE_FPR_+9*8(sp)
+|  fsd f24, SAVE_FPR_+8*8(sp)
+|  fsd f23, SAVE_FPR_+7*8(sp)
+|  fsd f22, SAVE_FPR_+6*8(sp)
+|  fsd f21, SAVE_FPR_+5*8(sp)
+|  fsd f20, SAVE_FPR_+4*8(sp)
+|  fsd f19, SAVE_FPR_+3*8(sp)
+|  fsd f18, SAVE_FPR_+2*8(sp)
+|  fsd f9,  SAVE_FPR_+1*8(sp)
+|  fsd f8,  SAVE_FPR_+0*8(sp)
+|  sd ra,  SAVE_GPR_+12*8(sp)
+|  sd x27, SAVE_GPR_+11*8(sp)
+|  sd x26, SAVE_GPR_+10*8(sp)
+|  sd x25, SAVE_GPR_+9*8(sp)
+|  sd x24, SAVE_GPR_+8*8(sp)
+|  sd x23, SAVE_GPR_+7*8(sp)
+|  sd x22, SAVE_GPR_+6*8(sp)
+|  sd x21, SAVE_GPR_+5*8(sp)
+|  sd x20, SAVE_GPR_+4*8(sp)
+|  sd x19, SAVE_GPR_+3*8(sp)
+|  sd x18, SAVE_GPR_+2*8(sp)
+|  sd x9,  SAVE_GPR_+1*8(sp)
+|  sd x8,  SAVE_GPR_+0*8(sp)
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro restoreregs_ret
+|  ld ra,  SAVE_GPR_+12*8(sp)
+|  ld x27, SAVE_GPR_+11*8(sp)
+|  ld x26, SAVE_GPR_+10*8(sp)
+|  ld x25, SAVE_GPR_+9*8(sp)
+|  ld x24, SAVE_GPR_+8*8(sp)
+|  ld x23, SAVE_GPR_+7*8(sp)
+|  ld x22, SAVE_GPR_+6*8(sp)
+|  ld x21, SAVE_GPR_+5*8(sp)
+|  ld x20, SAVE_GPR_+4*8(sp)
+|  ld x19, SAVE_GPR_+3*8(sp)
+|  ld x18, SAVE_GPR_+2*8(sp)
+|  ld x9,  SAVE_GPR_+1*8(sp)
+|  ld x8,  SAVE_GPR_+0*8(sp)
+|  fld f27, SAVE_FPR_+11*8(sp)
+|  fld f26, SAVE_FPR_+10*8(sp)
+|  fld f25, SAVE_FPR_+9*8(sp)
+|  fld f24, SAVE_FPR_+8*8(sp)
+|  fld f23, SAVE_FPR_+7*8(sp)
+|  fld f22, SAVE_FPR_+6*8(sp)
+|  fld f21, SAVE_FPR_+5*8(sp)
+|  fld f20, SAVE_FPR_+4*8(sp)
+|  fld f19, SAVE_FPR_+3*8(sp)
+|  fld f18, SAVE_FPR_+2*8(sp)
+|  fld f9,  SAVE_FPR_+1*8(sp)
+|  fld f8,  SAVE_FPR_+0*8(sp)
+|  addi sp, sp, CFRAME_SPACE
+|  ret
+|.endmacro
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|// Pseudo-instruction macros
+|// Be cautious with local label 9 since we use them here!
+|.macro bxeq, a, b, tgt
+|  bne a, b, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxne, a, b, tgt
+|  beq a, b, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxlt, a, b, tgt
+|  bge a, b, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxge, a, b, tgt
+|  blt a, b, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxgt, a, b, tgt
+|  bge b, a, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxle, a, b, tgt
+|  blt b, a, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxltu, a, b, tgt
+|  bgeu a, b, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxgeu, a, b, tgt
+|  bltu a, b, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxgtu, a, b, tgt
+|  bgeu b, a, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxleu, a, b, tgt
+|  bltu b, a, >9
+|  j tgt
+|9:
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxeqz, a, tgt
+|  bxeq a, x0, tgt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxnez, a, tgt
+|  bxne a, x0, tgt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxlez, a, tgt
+|  bxge x0, a, tgt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxgez, a, tgt
+|  bxge a, x0, tgt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxltz, a, tgt
+|  bxlt a, x0, tgt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bxgtz, a, tgt
+|  bxlt x0, a, tgt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro lxi, a, b
+|  lui a, (b)&0xfffff
+|  srai a, a, 12
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro lzi, a, b
+|  lui a, (b)&0xfffff
+|  srli a, a, 12
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro addxi, a, b, c
+|  lui x31, (c)&0xfffff
+|  srai x31, x31, 12
+|  add a, x31, b
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro sext.b, a, b
+|  slli a, b, 56
+|  srai a, a, 56
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro sext.h, a, b
+|  slli a, b, 48
+|  srai a, a, 48
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro zext.h, a, b
+|  slli a, b, 48
+|  srli a, a, 48
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro zext.w, a, b
+|  slli a, b, 32
+|  srli a, a, 32
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro bfextri, a, b, c, d
+|  slli a, b, (63-c)
+|  srli a, a, (d+63-c)
+|.endmacro
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|// Type definitions. Some of these are only used for documentation.
+|.type L,		lua_State,	LREG
+|.type GL,		global_State,	GLREG
+|.type TVALUE,		TValue
+|.type GCOBJ,		GCobj
+|.type STR,		GCstr
+|.type TAB,		GCtab
+|.type LFUNC,		GCfuncL
+|.type CFUNC,		GCfuncC
+|.type PROTO,		GCproto
+|.type UPVAL,		GCupval
+|.type NODE,		Node
+|.type NARGS8,		int
+|.type TRACE,		GCtrace
+|.type SBUF,		SBuf
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|// Trap for not-yet-implemented parts.
+|.macro NYI; .long 0x00100073; .endmacro
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|// Access to frame relative to BASE.
+|.define FRAME_PC,	-8
+|.define FRAME_FUNC,	-16
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|// Endian-specific defines. RISC-V only has little endian ABI for now.
+|.define OFS_RD,	2
+|.define OFS_RA,	1
+|.define OFS_OP,	0
+|
+|// Instruction decode.
+|.macro decode_OP1, dst, ins; andi dst, ins, 0xff; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_BC4b, dst; slliw dst, dst, 2; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_BC8b, dst; slliw dst, dst, 3; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RX8b, dst; andi dst, dst, 0x7f8; .endmacro
+|
+|.macro decode_OP8a, dst, ins; decode_OP1 dst, ins; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_OP8b, dst; decode_BC8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RA8a, dst, ins; srliw dst, ins, 5; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RA8b, dst; decode_RX8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RB8a, dst, ins; srliw dst, ins, 21; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RB8b, dst; decode_RX8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RC8a, dst, ins; srliw dst, ins, 13; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RC8b, dst; decode_RX8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RD8a, dst, ins; srliw dst, ins, 16; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RD4b, dst; decode_BC4b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RD8b, dst; decode_BC8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RDtoRC8, dst, src; andi dst, src, 0x7f8; .endmacro
+|
+|.macro decode_OP8, dst, ins; decode_OP1 dst, ins; decode_BC8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RA8, dst, ins; decode_RA8a dst, ins; decode_RA8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RB8, dst, ins; decode_RB8a dst, ins; decode_RB8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RC8, dst, ins; decode_RC8a dst, ins; decode_RC8b dst; .endmacro
+|.macro decode_RD8, dst, ins; decode_RD8a dst, ins; decode_RD8b dst; .endmacro
+|
+|// Instruction fetch.
+|.macro ins_NEXT1
+|  lw INS, 0(PC)
+|   addi PC, PC, 4
+|.endmacro
+|// Instruction decode+dispatch.
+|.macro ins_NEXT2
+|  decode_OP8 TMP1, INS
+|  add TMP0, DISPATCH, TMP1
+|   decode_RD8a RD, INS
+|  ld TMP4, 0(TMP0)
+|   decode_RA8a RA, INS
+|   decode_RD8b RD
+|   decode_RA8b RA
+|  jr TMP4
+|.endmacro
+|.macro ins_NEXT
+|  ins_NEXT1
+|  ins_NEXT2
+|.endmacro
+|
+|// Instruction footer.
+|.if 1
+|  // Replicated dispatch. Less unpredictable branches, but higher I-Cache use.
+|  .define ins_next, ins_NEXT
+|  .define ins_next_, ins_NEXT
+|  .define ins_next1, ins_NEXT1
+|  .define ins_next2, ins_NEXT2
+|.else
+|  // Common dispatch. Lower I-Cache use, only one (very) unpredictable branch.
+|  // Affects only certain kinds of benchmarks (and only with -j off).
+|  .macro ins_next
+|    j ->ins_next
+|  .endmacro
+|  .macro ins_next1
+|  .endmacro
+|  .macro ins_next2
+|    j ->ins_next
+|  .endmacro
+|  .macro ins_next_
+|  ->ins_next:
+|    ins_NEXT
+|  .endmacro
+|.endif
+|
+|// Call decode and dispatch.
+|.macro ins_callt
+|  // BASE = new base, RB = LFUNC/CFUNC, RC = nargs*8, FRAME_PC(BASE) = PC
+|  ld PC, LFUNC:RB->pc
+|  lw INS, 0(PC)
+|   addi PC, PC, 4
+|  decode_OP8 TMP1, INS
+|   decode_RA8 RA, INS
+|  add TMP0, DISPATCH, TMP1
+|  ld TMP0, 0(TMP0)
+|   add RA, RA, BASE
+|  jr TMP0
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro ins_call
+|  // BASE = new base, RB = LFUNC/CFUNC, RC = nargs*8, PC = caller PC
+|  sd PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+|  ins_callt
+|.endmacro
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+|
+|.macro branch_RD
+|  srliw TMP0, RD, 1
+|  lui TMP4, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff
+|  addw TMP0, TMP0, TMP4
+|  add PC, PC, TMP0
+|.endmacro
+|
+|// Assumes J is relative to GL. Some J members might be out of range though.
+#define GL_J(field)	(GG_G2J + (int)offsetof(jit_State, field))
+|
+#define PC2PROTO(field)  ((int)offsetof(GCproto, field)-(int)sizeof(GCproto))
+|
+|.macro call_intern, curfunc, func
+|->curfunc .. _pcrel_ .. func:
+|  auipc CFUNCADDR, extern %pcrel_hi(func)
+|  jalr CFUNCADDR, extern %pcrel_lo(lj_ .. curfunc .. _pcrel_ .. func)
+|.endmacro
+|.macro call_extern, curfunc, func
+|->curfunc .. _got_pcrel_ .. func:
+|  auipc CFUNCADDR, extern %got_pcrel_hi(func)
+|  ld CFUNCADDR, extern %pcrel_lo(lj_ .. curfunc .. _got_pcrel_ .. func)(CFUNCADDR)
+|  jalr CFUNCADDR
+|.endmacro
+|
+|// Set current VM state. Uses TMP0.
+|.macro li_vmstate, st; li TMP0, ~LJ_VMST_..st; .endmacro
+|.macro st_vmstate; sw TMP0, GL->vmstate; .endmacro
+|
+|.macro hotcheck, delta, target
+|  srli TMP1, PC, 1
+|  andi TMP1, TMP1, 126
+|  add TMP1, TMP1, DISPATCH
+|  lhu TMP2, GG_DISP2HOT(TMP1)
+|  addiw TMP2, TMP2, -delta
+|  sh TMP2, GG_DISP2HOT(TMP1)
+|  bxltz TMP2, target
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro hotloop
+|  hotcheck HOTCOUNT_LOOP, ->vm_hotloop
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro hotcall
+|  hotcheck HOTCOUNT_CALL, ->vm_hotcall
+|.endmacro
+|
+|// Move table write barrier back. Overwrites mark and tmp.
+|.macro barrierback, tab, mark, tmp, target
+|  ld tmp, GL->gc.grayagain
+|  andi mark, mark, ~LJ_GC_BLACK & 255		// black2gray(tab)
+|  sd tab, GL->gc.grayagain
+|  sb mark, tab->marked
+|  sd tmp, tab->gclist
+|  j target
+|.endmacro
+|
+|// Clear type tag. Isolate lowest 64-17=47 bits of reg.
+|.macro cleartp, reg; slli reg, reg, 17; srli reg, reg, 17; .endmacro
+|.macro cleartp, dst, reg; slli dst, reg, 17; srli dst, dst, 17; .endmacro
+|
+|// Set type tag: Merge 17 type bits into bits [47, 63] of dst.
+|.macro settp_a, dst; cleartp dst; .endmacro
+|.macro settp_a, dst, src; cleartp dst, src; .endmacro
+|.macro settp_b, dst, tp;
+|  slli x31, tp, 47
+|  or dst, dst, x31
+|.endmacro
+|.macro settp_b, dst, src, tp;
+|  slli x31, tp, 47
+|  or dst, src, x31
+|.endmacro
+|.macro settp, dst, tp; settp_a dst; settp_b dst, tp; .endmacro
+|.macro settp, dst, src, tp; settp_a dst, src; settp_b dst, dst, tp; .endmacro
+|
+|// Extract (negative) type tag.
+|.macro gettp, dst, src; srai dst, src, 47; .endmacro
+|
+|// Macros to check the TValue type and extract the GCobj. Branch on failure.
+|.macro checktp, reg, tp, target
+|  gettp TMP4, reg
+|  addi TMP4, TMP4, tp
+|  cleartp reg
+|  bxnez TMP4, target
+|.endmacro
+|.macro checktp, dst, reg, tp, target
+|  gettp TMP4, reg
+|  addi TMP4, TMP4, tp
+|  cleartp dst, reg
+|  bxnez TMP4, target
+|.endmacro
+|.macro checkstr, reg, target; checktp reg, -LJ_TSTR, target; .endmacro
+|.macro checktab, reg, target; checktp reg, -LJ_TTAB, target; .endmacro
+|.macro checkfunc, reg, target; checktp reg, -LJ_TFUNC, target; .endmacro
+|.macro checkint, reg, target
+|  gettp TMP4, reg
+|  bxne TMP4, TISNUM, target
+|.endmacro
+|.macro checknum, reg, target
+|  gettp TMP4, reg
+|  sltiu TMP4, TMP4, LJ_TISNUM
+|  bxeqz TMP4, target
+|.endmacro
+|
+|.macro mov_false, reg
+|  li reg, 0x001
+|  slli reg, reg, 47
+|  not reg, reg
+|.endmacro
+|.macro mov_true, reg
+|  li reg, 0x001
+|  slli reg, reg, 48
+|  not reg, reg
+|.endmacro
+|
+|//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* Generate subroutines used by opcodes and other parts of the VM. */
+/* The .code_sub section should be last to help static branch prediction. */
+static void build_subroutines(BuildCtx *ctx)
+{
+  |.code_sub
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Return handling ----------------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vm_returnp:
+  |  // See vm_return. Also: TMP2 = previous base.
+  |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_P
+  |
+  |  // Return from pcall or xpcall fast func.
+  |  mov_true TMP1
+  |  beqz TMP0, ->cont_dispatch
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(TMP2)		// Fetch PC of previous frame.
+  |  mv BASE, TMP2			// Restore caller base.
+  |  // Prepending may overwrite the pcall frame, so do it at the end.
+  |  sd TMP1, -8(RA)			// Prepend true to results.
+  |  addi RA, RA, -8
+  |
+  |->vm_returnc:
+  |  addiw RD, RD, 8			// RD = (nresults+1)*8.
+  |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+  |  li CRET1, LUA_YIELD
+  |  beqz RD, ->vm_unwind_c_eh
+  |  mv MULTRES, RD
+  |  beqz TMP0, ->BC_RET_Z		// Handle regular return to Lua.
+  |
+  |->vm_return:
+  |  // BASE = base, RA = resultptr, RD/MULTRES = (nresults+1)*8, PC = return
+  |  // TMP0 = PC & FRAME_TYPE
+  |  andi TMP2, PC, ~FRAME_TYPEP
+  |  xori TMP0, TMP0, FRAME_C
+  |  sub TMP2, BASE, TMP2		// TMP2 = previous base.
+  |  bnez TMP0, ->vm_returnp
+  |
+  |  addiw TMP1, RD, -8
+  |  sd TMP2, L->base
+  |  li_vmstate C
+  |  lw TMP2, SAVE_NRES(sp)
+  |  addi BASE, BASE, -16
+  |  st_vmstate
+  |  slliw TMP2, TMP2, 3
+  |  beqz TMP1, >2
+  |1:
+  |  addiw TMP1, TMP1, -8
+  |  ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+  |  addi RA, RA, 8
+  |  sd CRET1, 0(BASE)
+  |  addi BASE, BASE, 8
+  |  bnez TMP1, <1
+  |
+  |2:
+  |  bne TMP2, RD, >6
+  |3:
+  |  sd BASE, L->top			// Store new top.
+  |
+  |->vm_leave_cp:
+  |  ld TMP0, SAVE_CFRAME(sp)		// Restore previous C frame.
+  |  mv CRET1, x0			// Ok return status for vm_pcall.
+  |  sd TMP0, L->cframe
+  |
+  |->vm_leave_unw:
+  |  restoreregs_ret
+  |
+  |6:
+  |  ld TMP1, L->maxstack
+  |  blt TMP2, RD, >7
+  |  // More results wanted. Check stack size and fill up results with nil.
+  |  bge BASE, TMP1, >9
+  |  sd TISNIL, 0(BASE)
+  |  addiw RD, RD, 8
+  |  addi BASE, BASE, 8
+  |  j <2
+  |
+  |7:  // Less results wanted.
+  |  subw TMP0, RD, TMP2
+  |  sub TMP0, BASE, TMP0		// Either keep top or shrink it.
+  |  beqz TMP2, >8
+  |  mv BASE, TMP0 	// LUA_MULTRET+1 case
+  |8:
+  |  j <3
+  |
+  |9:  // Corner case: need to grow stack for filling up results.
+  |  // This can happen if:
+  |  // - A C function grows the stack (a lot).
+  |  // - The GC shrinks the stack in between.
+  |  // - A return back from a lua_call() with (high) nresults adjustment.
+  |
+  |  sd BASE, L->top			// Save current top held in BASE (yes).
+  |   mv MULTRES, RD
+  |  srliw CARG2, TMP2, 3
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  call_intern vm_leave_unw, lj_state_growstack		// (lua_State *L, int n)
+  |    lw TMP2, SAVE_NRES(sp)
+  |  ld BASE, L->top			// Need the (realloced) L->top in BASE.
+  |   mv RD, MULTRES
+  |   slliw TMP2, TMP2, 3
+  |  j <2
+  |
+  |->vm_unwind_c:			// Unwind C stack, return from vm_pcall.
+  |  // (void *cframe, int errcode)
+  |  mv sp, CARG1
+  |  mv CRET1, CARG2
+  |->vm_unwind_c_eh:			// Landing pad for external unwinder.
+  |  ld L, SAVE_L(sp)
+  |   li TMP0, ~LJ_VMST_C
+  |  ld GL, L->glref
+  |  sw TMP0, GL->vmstate
+  |  j ->vm_leave_unw
+  |
+  |->vm_unwind_ff:			// Unwind C stack, return from ff pcall.
+  |  // (void *cframe)
+  |  andi sp, CARG1, CFRAME_RAWMASK
+  |->vm_unwind_ff_eh:			// Landing pad for external unwinder.
+  |  ld L, SAVE_L(sp)
+  |  lui TMP3, 0x43380		// TOBIT = Hiword of 2^52 + 2^51 (double).
+  |  li TISNIL, LJ_TNIL
+  |  li TISNUM, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |  ld GL, L->glref			// Setup pointer to global state.
+  |  slli TMP3, TMP3, 32
+  |  mov_false TMP1
+  |    li_vmstate INTERP
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)		// Fetch PC of previous frame.
+  |    fmv.d.x TOBIT, TMP3
+  |  addi RA, BASE, -8		// Results start at BASE-8.
+  |  addxi DISPATCH, GL, GG_G2DISP
+  |  sd TMP1, -8(BASE)			// Prepend false to error message.
+  |    st_vmstate
+  |  li RD, 16			// 2 results: false + error message.
+  |  j ->vm_returnc
+  |
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Grow stack for calls -----------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vm_growstack_c:			// Grow stack for C function.
+  |  li CARG2, LUA_MINSTACK
+  |  j >2
+  |
+  |->vm_growstack_l:			// Grow stack for Lua function.
+  |  // BASE = new base, RA = BASE+framesize*8, RC = nargs*8, PC = first PC
+  |  add RC, BASE, RC
+  |   sub RA, RA, BASE
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |   addi PC, PC, 4			// Must point after first instruction.
+  |  sd RC, L->top
+  |   srliw CARG2, RA, 3
+  |2:
+  |  // L->base = new base, L->top = top
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  call_intern vm_growstack_l, lj_state_growstack	// (lua_State *L, int n)
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |  ld RC, L->top
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  sub RC, RC, BASE
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  // BASE = new base, RB = LFUNC/CFUNC, RC = nargs*8, FRAME_PC(BASE) = PC
+  |  ins_callt				// Just retry the call.
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Entry points into the assembler VM ---------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vm_resume:				// Setup C frame and resume thread.
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *base, int nres1 = 0, ptrdiff_t ef = 0)
+  |  saveregs
+  |  mv L, CARG1
+  |    ld GL, L->glref		// Setup pointer to global state.
+  |  mv BASE, CARG2
+  |    lbu TMP1, L->status
+  |   sd L, SAVE_L(sp)
+  |  li PC, FRAME_CP
+  |  addi TMP0, sp, CFRAME_RESUME
+  |    addxi DISPATCH, GL, GG_G2DISP
+  |   sw x0, SAVE_NRES(sp)
+  |   sw x0, SAVE_ERRF(sp)
+  |   sd CARG1, SAVE_PC(sp)			// Any value outside of bytecode is ok.
+  |   sd x0, SAVE_CFRAME(sp)
+  |   sd TMP0, L->cframe
+  |    beqz TMP1, >3
+  |
+  |  // Resume after yield (like a return).
+  |  sd L, GL->cur_L
+  |  mv RA, BASE
+  |   ld BASE, L->base
+  |   ld TMP1, L->top
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |     lui TMP3, 0x43380		// TOBIT = Hiword of 2^52 + 2^51 (double).
+  |   sub RD, TMP1, BASE
+  |     slli TMP3, TMP3, 32
+  |    sb x0, L->status
+  |     fmv.d.x TOBIT, TMP3
+  |    li_vmstate INTERP
+  |   addi RD, RD, 8
+  |    st_vmstate
+  |   mv MULTRES, RD
+  |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+  |   li TISNIL, LJ_TNIL
+  |   li TISNUM, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  beqz TMP0, ->BC_RET_Z
+  |  j ->vm_return
+  |
+  |->vm_pcall:				// Setup protected C frame and enter VM.
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *base, int nres1, ptrdiff_t ef)
+  |  saveregs
+  |  sw CARG4, SAVE_ERRF(sp)
+  |  li PC, FRAME_CP
+  |  j >1
+  |
+  |->vm_call:				// Setup C frame and enter VM.
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *base, int nres1)
+  |  saveregs
+  |  li PC, FRAME_C
+  |
+  |1:  // Entry point for vm_pcall above (PC = ftype).
+  |  ld TMP1, L:CARG1->cframe
+  |    mv L, CARG1
+  |   sw CARG3, SAVE_NRES(sp)
+  |    ld GL, L->glref		// Setup pointer to global state.
+  |   sd CARG1, SAVE_L(sp)
+  |     mv BASE, CARG2
+  |    addxi DISPATCH, GL, GG_G2DISP
+  |   sd CARG1, SAVE_PC(sp)		// Any value outside of bytecode is ok.
+  |  sd TMP1, SAVE_CFRAME(sp)
+  |  sd sp, L->cframe			// Add our C frame to cframe chain.
+  |
+  |3:  // Entry point for vm_cpcall/vm_resume (BASE = base, PC = ftype).
+  |  sd L, GL->cur_L
+  |  ld TMP2, L->base			// TMP2 = old base (used in vmeta_call).
+  |     lui TMP3, 0x43380		// TOBIT = Hiword of 2^52 + 2^51 (double).
+  |   ld TMP1, L->top
+  |     slli TMP3, TMP3, 32
+  |  add PC, PC, BASE
+  |   sub NARGS8:RC, TMP1, BASE
+  |     li TISNUM, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  sub PC, PC, TMP2			// PC = frame delta + frame type
+  |     fmv.d.x TOBIT, TMP3
+  |    li_vmstate INTERP
+  |     li TISNIL, LJ_TNIL
+  |    st_vmstate
+  |
+  |->vm_call_dispatch:
+  |  // TMP2 = old base, BASE = new base, RC = nargs*8, PC = caller PC
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  checkfunc LFUNC:RB, ->vmeta_call
+  |
+  |->vm_call_dispatch_f:
+  |  ins_call
+  |  // BASE = new base, RB = func, RC = nargs*8, PC = caller PC
+  |
+  |->vm_cpcall:				// Setup protected C frame, call C.
+  |  // (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud, lua_CPFunction cp)
+  |  saveregs
+  |  mv L, CARG1
+  |   ld TMP0, L:CARG1->stack
+  |  sd CARG1, SAVE_L(sp)
+  |   ld TMP1, L->top
+  |     ld GL, L->glref		// Setup pointer to global state.
+  |  sd CARG1, SAVE_PC(sp)		// Any value outside of bytecode is ok.
+  |   sub TMP0, TMP0, TMP1		// Compute -savestack(L, L->top).
+  |    ld TMP1, L->cframe
+  |     addxi DISPATCH, GL, GG_G2DISP
+  |   sw TMP0, SAVE_NRES(sp)		// Neg. delta means cframe w/o frame.
+  |  sw x0, SAVE_ERRF(sp)		// No error function.
+  |    sd TMP1, SAVE_CFRAME(sp)
+  |    sd sp, L->cframe			// Add our C frame to cframe chain.
+  |      sd L, GL->cur_L
+  |  jalr CARG4			// (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud)
+  |  mv BASE, CRET1
+  |  li PC, FRAME_CP
+  |  bnez CRET1, <3			// Else continue with the call.
+  |  j ->vm_leave_cp			// No base? Just remove C frame.
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Metamethod handling ------------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |//-- Continuation dispatch ----------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->cont_dispatch:
+  |  // BASE = meta base, RA = resultptr, RD = (nresults+1)*8
+  |  ld TMP0, -32(BASE)		// Continuation.
+  |   mv RB, BASE
+  |   mv BASE, TMP2			// Restore caller BASE.
+  |    ld LFUNC:TMP1, FRAME_FUNC(TMP2)
+  |     ld PC, -24(RB)			// Restore PC from [cont|PC].
+  |.if FFI
+  |  sltiu TMP3, TMP0, 2
+  |.endif
+  |    cleartp LFUNC:TMP1
+  |   add TMP2, RA, RD
+  |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:TMP1->pc
+  |  sd TISNIL, -8(TMP2)               // Ensure one valid arg.
+  |.if FFI
+  |  bnez TMP3, >1
+  |.endif
+  |  // BASE = base, RA = resultptr, RB = meta base
+  |  ld KBASE, PC2PROTO(k)(TMP1)
+  |  jr TMP0				// Jump to continuation.
+  |
+  |.if FFI
+  |1:
+  |  addi TMP1, RB, -32
+  |  bxnez TMP0, ->cont_ffi_callback	// cont = 1: return from FFI callback.
+  |  // cont = 0: tailcall from C function.
+  |  sub RC, TMP1, BASE
+  |  j ->vm_call_tail
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->cont_cat:				// RA = resultptr, RB = meta base
+  |  lw INS, -4(PC)
+  |   addi CARG2, RB, -32
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(RA)
+  |  decode_RB8 MULTRES, INS
+  |   decode_RA8 RA, INS
+  |  add TMP1, BASE, MULTRES
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   sub CARG3, CARG2, TMP1
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(CARG2)
+  |  bxne TMP1, CARG2, ->BC_CAT_Z
+  |  add RA, BASE, RA
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+  |  j ->cont_nop
+  |
+  |//-- Table indexing metamethods -----------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tgets1:
+  |  addi CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |  li TMP0, LJ_TSTR
+  |  settp STR:RC, TMP0
+  |  sd STR:RC, 0(CARG3)
+  |  j >1
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tgets:
+  |  addi CARG2, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |   addi CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv2)
+  |  li TMP0, LJ_TTAB
+  |   li TMP1, LJ_TSTR
+  |  settp TAB:RB, TMP0
+  |   settp STR:RC, TMP1
+  |  sd TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+  |   sd STR:RC, 0(CARG3)
+  |  j >1
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tgetb:			// TMP0 = index
+  |  addi CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |  settp TMP0, TISNUM
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(CARG3)
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tgetv:
+  |1:
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *o, TValue *k)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_tgetv, lj_meta_tget
+  |  // Returns TValue * (finished) or NULL (metamethod).
+  |  beqz CRET1, >3
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(CRET1)
+  |  ins_next1
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+  |  ins_next2
+  |
+  |3:  // Call __index metamethod.
+  |  // BASE = base, L->top = new base, stack = cont/func/t/k
+  |  addi TMP1, BASE, -FRAME_CONT
+  |  li NARGS8:RC, 16		// 2 args for func(t, k).
+  |  ld BASE, L->top
+  |  sd PC, -24(BASE)			// [cont|PC]
+  |   sub PC, BASE, TMP1
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)	// Guaranteed to be a function here.
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  j ->vm_call_dispatch_f
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tgetr:
+  |  call_intern vmeta_tgetr, lj_tab_getinth	// (GCtab *t, int32_t key)
+  |  // Returns cTValue * or NULL.
+  |  mv TMP1, TISNIL
+  |  bxeqz CRET1, ->BC_TGETR_Z
+  |  ld TMP1, 0(CRET1)
+  |  j ->BC_TGETR_Z
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tsets1:
+  |  addi, CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |  li TMP0, LJ_TSTR
+  |  settp STR:RC, TMP0
+  |  sd STR:RC, 0(CARG3)
+  |  j >1
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tsets:
+  |  addi CARG2, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |   addi CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv2)
+  |  li TMP0, LJ_TTAB
+  |   li TMP1, LJ_TSTR
+  |  settp TAB:RB, TMP0
+  |   settp STR:RC, TMP1
+  |  sd TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+  |   sd STR:RC, 0(CARG3)
+  |  j >1
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tsetb:			// TMP0 = index
+  |  addi CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |  settp TMP0, TISNUM
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(CARG3)
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tsetv:
+  |1:
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *o, TValue *k)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_tsetv, lj_meta_tset
+  |  // Returns TValue * (finished) or NULL (metamethod).
+  |  ld TMP2, 0(RA)
+  |  beqz CRET1, >3
+  |  ins_next1
+  |  // NOBARRIER: lj_meta_tset ensures the table is not black.
+  |  sd TMP2, 0(CRET1)
+  |  ins_next2
+  |
+  |3:  // Call __newindex metamethod.
+  |  // BASE = base, L->top = new base, stack = cont/func/t/k/(v)
+  |  addi TMP1, BASE, -FRAME_CONT
+  |  ld BASE, L->top
+  |  sd PC, -24(BASE)			// [cont|PC]
+  |   sub PC, BASE, TMP1
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)	// Guaranteed to be a function here.
+  |  li NARGS8:RC, 24		// 3 args for func(t, k, v)
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  sd TMP2, 16(BASE)		// Copy value to third argument.
+  |  j ->vm_call_dispatch_f
+  |
+  |->vmeta_tsetr:
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, GCtab *t, int32_t key)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_tsetr, lj_tab_setinth
+  |  // Returns TValue *.
+  |  j ->BC_TSETR_Z
+  |
+  |//-- Comparison metamethods ---------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vmeta_comp:
+  |  // RA/RD point to o1/o2.
+  |  mv CARG2, RA
+  |  mv CARG3, RD
+  |  addi PC, PC, -4
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  decode_OP1 CARG4, INS
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *o1, *o2, int op)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_comp, lj_meta_comp
+  |  // Returns 0/1 or TValue * (metamethod).
+  |3:
+  |  sltiu TMP1, CRET1, 2
+  |  beqz TMP1, ->vmeta_binop
+  |   negw TMP2, CRET1
+  |4:
+  |  lhu RD, OFS_RD(PC)
+  |   addi PC, PC, 4
+  |   lui TMP1, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff
+  |  slliw RD, RD, 2
+  |  addw RD, RD, TMP1
+  |  and RD, RD, TMP2
+  |  add PC, PC, RD
+  |->cont_nop:
+  |  ins_next
+  |
+  |->cont_ra:				// RA = resultptr
+  |  lbu TMP1, -4+OFS_RA(PC)
+  |   ld TMP2, 0(RA)
+  |  slliw TMP1, TMP1, 3
+  |  add TMP1, BASE, TMP1
+  |   sd TMP2, 0(TMP1)
+  |  j ->cont_nop
+  |
+  |->cont_condt:			// RA = resultptr
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(RA)
+  |  gettp TMP0, TMP0
+  |  sltiu TMP1, TMP0, LJ_TISTRUECOND
+  |  negw TMP2, TMP1		// Branch if result is true.
+  |  j <4
+  |
+  |->cont_condf:			// RA = resultptr
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(RA)
+  |  gettp TMP0, TMP0
+  |  sltiu TMP1, TMP0, LJ_TISTRUECOND
+  |  addiw TMP2, TMP1, -1		// Branch if result is false.
+  |  j <4
+  |
+  |->vmeta_equal:
+  |  // CARG1/CARG2 point to o1/o2. TMP0 is set to 0/1.
+  |   cleartp LFUNC:CARG3, CARG2
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:CARG2, CARG1
+  |    mv CARG4, TMP0
+  |  addi PC, PC, -4
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, GCobj *o1, *o2, int ne)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_equal, lj_meta_equal
+  |  // Returns 0/1 or TValue * (metamethod).
+  |  j <3
+  |
+  |->vmeta_equal_cd:
+  |.if FFI
+  |  addi PC, PC, -4
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  mv CARG2, INS
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_equal_cd, lj_meta_equal_cd	// (lua_State *L, BCIns op)
+  |  // Returns 0/1 or TValue * (metamethod).
+  |  j <3
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->vmeta_istype:
+  |  addi PC, PC, -4
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   mv CARG1, L 
+  |   srliw CARG2, RA, 3
+  |   srliw CARG3, RD, 3
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *o, BCReg tp)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_istype, lj_meta_istype
+  |  j ->cont_nop
+  |
+  |//-- Arithmetic metamethods ---------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vmeta_unm:
+  |  mv RC, RB
+  |
+  |->vmeta_arith:
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG2, RA
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  mv CARG3, RB
+  |  mv CARG4, RC
+  |  decode_OP1 CARG5, INS
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *ra,*rb,*rc, BCReg op)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_arith, lj_meta_arith
+  |  // Returns NULL (finished) or TValue * (metamethod).
+  |  beqz CRET1, ->cont_nop
+  |
+  |  // Call metamethod for binary op.
+  |->vmeta_binop:
+  |  // BASE = old base, CRET1 = new base, stack = cont/func/o1/o2
+  |  sub TMP1, CRET1, BASE
+  |   sd PC, -24(CRET1)			// [cont|PC]
+  |   mv TMP2, BASE
+  |  addi PC, TMP1, FRAME_CONT
+  |   mv BASE, CRET1
+  |  li NARGS8:RC, 16                  // 2 args for func(o1, o2).
+  |  j ->vm_call_dispatch
+  |
+  |->vmeta_len:
+  |  // CARG2 already set by BC_LEN.
+#if LJ_52
+  |  mv MULTRES, CARG1
+#endif
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_len, lj_meta_len	// (lua_State *L, TValue *o)
+  |  // Returns NULL (retry) or TValue * (metamethod base).
+#if LJ_52
+  |  bnez CRET1, ->vmeta_binop		// Binop call for compatibility.
+  |  mv CARG1, MULTRES
+  |  j ->BC_LEN_Z
+#else
+  |  j ->vmeta_binop			// Binop call for compatibility.
+#endif
+  |
+  |//-- Call metamethod ----------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vmeta_call:			// Resolve and call __call metamethod.
+  |  // TMP2 = old base, BASE = new base, RC = nargs*8
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |   sd TMP2, L->base			// This is the callers base!
+  |  addi CARG2, BASE, -16
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  add CARG3, BASE, RC
+  |   mv MULTRES, NARGS8:RC
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *func, TValue *top)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_call, lj_meta_call
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)	// Guaranteed to be a function here.
+  |   addi NARGS8:RC, MULTRES, 8	// Got one more argument now.
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  ins_call
+  |
+  |->vmeta_callt:			// Resolve __call for BC_CALLT.
+  |  // BASE = old base, RA = new base, RC = nargs*8
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |  addi CARG2, RA, -16
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  add CARG3, RA, RC
+  |   mv MULTRES, NARGS8:RC
+  |  // (lua_State *L, TValue *func, TValue *top)
+  |  call_intern vmeta_callt, lj_meta_call
+  |   ld RB, FRAME_FUNC(RA)		// Guaranteed to be a function here.
+  |  ld TMP1, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  addi NARGS8:RC, MULTRES, 8	// Got one more argument now.
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:CARG3, RB
+  |  j ->BC_CALLT_Z
+  |
+  |//-- Argument coercion for 'for' statement ------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vmeta_for:
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG2, RA
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  mv MULTRES, INS
+  |  call_intern vmeta_for, lj_meta_for	// (lua_State *L, TValue *base)
+  |.if JIT
+  |  decode_OP1 TMP0, MULTRES
+  |  li TMP1, BC_JFORI
+  |.endif
+  |  decode_RA8 RA, MULTRES
+  |   decode_RD8 RD, MULTRES
+  |.if JIT
+  |  bxeq TMP0, TMP1, =>BC_JFORI
+  |.endif
+  |  j =>BC_FORI
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Fast functions -----------------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc, name
+  |->ff_ .. name:
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_1, name
+  |->ff_ .. name:
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  bxeqz NARGS8:RC, ->fff_fallback
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_2, name
+  |->ff_ .. name:
+  |  sltiu TMP0, NARGS8:RC, 16
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  ld CARG2, 8(BASE)
+  |  bxnez TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_n, name
+  |->ff_ .. name:
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  fld FARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  beqz NARGS8:RC, ->fff_fallback
+  |  checknum CARG1, ->fff_fallback
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_nn, name
+  |->ff_ .. name:
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |    sltiu TMP0, NARGS8:RC, 16
+  |   ld CARG2, 8(BASE)
+  |  bnez TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  gettp TMP1, CARG1
+  |   gettp TMP2, CARG2
+  |  sltiu TMP1, TMP1, LJ_TISNUM
+  |   sltiu TMP2, TMP2, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  fld FARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP2
+  |   fld FARG2, 8(BASE)
+  |  beqz TMP1, ->fff_fallback
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |// Inlined GC threshold check.
+  |.macro ffgccheck
+  |   ld TMP0, GL->gc.total
+  |   ld TMP1, GL->gc.threshold
+  |  bltu TMP0, TMP1, >1
+  |  jal ->fff_gcstep
+  |1:
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |//-- Base library: checks -----------------------------------------------
+  |.ffunc_1 assert
+  |  gettp TMP1, CARG1
+  |  sltiu TMP1, TMP1, LJ_TISTRUECOND
+  |  addi RA, BASE, -16
+  |  bxeqz TMP1, ->fff_fallback
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  addiw RD, NARGS8:RC, 8		// Compute (nresults+1)*8.
+  |  addi TMP1, BASE, 8
+  |  add TMP2, RA, RD
+  |  sd CARG1, -16(BASE)
+  |  bne BASE, TMP2, >1
+  |  j ->fff_res		// Done if exactly 1 argument.
+  |1:
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(TMP1)
+  |  sd TMP0, -16(TMP1)
+  |  mv TMP3, TMP1
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP1, 8
+  |  bne TMP3, TMP2, <1
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 type
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  not TMP3, TMP0
+  |  bltu TISNUM, TMP0, >1
+  |  li TMP3, ~LJ_TISNUM
+  |1:
+  |  slli TMP3, TMP3, 3
+  |  add TMP3, CFUNC:RB, TMP3
+  |  ld CARG1, CFUNC:TMP3->upvalue
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |//-- Base library: getters and setters ---------------------------------
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 getmetatable
+  |  gettp TMP2, CARG1
+  |  addi TMP0, TMP2, -LJ_TTAB
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP2, -LJ_TUDATA
+  |  snez TMP0, TMP0
+  |  neg TMP0, TMP0
+  |  and TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+  |  cleartp TAB:CARG1
+  |  bnez TMP0, >6
+  |1:  // Field metatable must be at same offset for GCtab and GCudata!
+  |  ld TAB:RB, TAB:CARG1->metatable
+  |2:
+  |   ld STR:RC, GL->gcroot[GCROOT_MMNAME+MM_metatable]
+  |  li CARG1, LJ_TNIL
+  |  beqz TAB:RB, ->fff_restv
+  |  lw TMP0, TAB:RB->hmask
+  |   lw TMP1, STR:RC->sid
+  |    ld NODE:TMP2, TAB:RB->node
+  |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP0		// idx = str->sid & tab->hmask
+  |  slli TMP0, TMP1, 5
+  |  slli TMP1, TMP1, 3
+  |  sub TMP1, TMP0, TMP1
+  |  add NODE:TMP2, NODE:TMP2, TMP1	// node = tab->node + (idx*32-idx*8)
+  |  li CARG4, LJ_TSTR
+  |  settp STR:RC, CARG4		// Tagged key to look for.
+  |3:  // Rearranged logic, because we expect _not_ to find the key.
+  |  ld TMP0, NODE:TMP2->key
+  |   ld CARG1, NODE:TMP2->val
+  |    ld NODE:TMP2, NODE:TMP2->next
+  |  li TMP3, LJ_TTAB
+  |  beq RC, TMP0, >5
+  |  bnez NODE:TMP2, <3
+  |4:
+  |  settp CARG1, RB, TMP3
+  |  j ->fff_restv			// Not found, keep default result.
+  |5:
+  |  bne CARG1, TISNIL, ->fff_restv
+  |  j <4				// Ditto for nil value.
+  |
+  |6:
+  |  sltiu TMP3, TMP2, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  neg TMP4, TMP3
+  |  xor TMP0, TMP2, TISNUM		// TMP2 = TMP3 ? TISNUM : TMP2
+  |  and TMP0, TMP0, TMP4
+  |  xor TMP2, TMP0, TMP2
+  |  slli TMP2, TMP2, 3
+  |   sub TMP0, GL, TMP2
+  |   ld TAB:RB, (offsetof(global_State, gcroot[GCROOT_BASEMT])-8)(TMP0)
+  |  j <2
+  |
+  |.ffunc_2 setmetatable
+  |  // Fast path: no mt for table yet and not clearing the mt.
+  |  checktp TMP1, CARG1, -LJ_TTAB, ->fff_fallback
+  |  gettp TMP3, CARG2
+  |   ld TAB:TMP0, TAB:TMP1->metatable
+  |   lbu TMP2, TAB:TMP1->marked
+  |  addi TMP3, TMP3, -LJ_TTAB
+  |   cleartp TAB:CARG2
+  |  or TMP3, TMP3, TAB:TMP0
+  |  bxnez TMP3, ->fff_fallback
+  |  andi TMP3, TMP2, LJ_GC_BLACK		// isblack(table)
+  |  sd TAB:CARG2, TAB:TMP1->metatable
+  |  beqz TMP3, ->fff_restv
+  |  barrierback TAB:TMP1, TMP2, TMP0, ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |.ffunc rawget
+  |  ld CARG2, 0(BASE)
+  |  sltiu TMP0, NARGS8:RC, 16
+  |  gettp TMP1, CARG2
+  |   cleartp CARG2
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP1, -LJ_TTAB
+  |  or TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+  |  addi CARG3, BASE, 8
+  |  bxnez TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  call_intern ff_rawget, lj_tab_get	// (lua_State *L, GCtab *t, cTValue *key)
+  |  // Returns cTValue *.
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(CRET1)
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |//-- Base library: conversions ------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.ffunc tonumber
+  |  // Only handles the number case inline (without a base argument).
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  xori TMP0, NARGS8:RC, 8		// Exactly one number argument.
+  |  gettp TMP1, CARG1
+  |  sltu TMP1, TISNUM, TMP1
+  |  or TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+  |  bxnez TMP0, ->fff_fallback		// No args or CARG1 is not number
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 tostring
+  |  // Only handles the string or number case inline.
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP0, -LJ_TSTR
+  |  // A __tostring method in the string base metatable is ignored.
+  |  beqz TMP1, ->fff_restv	// String key?
+  |  // Handle numbers inline, unless a number base metatable is present.
+  |   ld TMP1, GL->gcroot[GCROOT_BASEMT_NUM]
+  |  sltu TMP0, TISNUM, TMP0
+  |  sd BASE, L->base			// Add frame since C call can throw.
+  |  or TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+  |  bxnez TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)		// Redundant (but a defined value).
+  |  ffgccheck
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  mv CARG2, BASE
+  |  call_intern ff_tostring, lj_strfmt_number	// (lua_State *L, cTValue *o)
+  |  // Returns GCstr *.
+  |  li TMP1, LJ_TSTR
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |  settp CARG1, TMP1
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |//-- Base library: iterators -------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 next
+  |  checktp CARG1, -LJ_TTAB, ->fff_fallback
+  |  add TMP0, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  sd TISNIL, 0(TMP0)		// Set missing 2nd arg to nil.
+  |  addi CARG2, BASE, 8
+  |  addi CARG3, BASE, -16
+  |  call_intern ff_next, lj_tab_next	// (GCtab *t, cTValue *key, TValue *o)
+  |  // Returns 1=found, 0=end, -1=error.
+  |  li RD, (2+1)*8
+  |  bgtz CRET1, ->fff_res		// Found key/value.
+  |  mv TMP1, CRET1
+  |  mv CARG1, TISNIL
+  |  beqz TMP1, ->fff_restv		// End of traversal: return nil.
+  |   ld CFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  li RC, 2*8
+  |   cleartp CFUNC:RB
+  |  j ->fff_fallback			// Invalid key.
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 pairs
+  |  checktp TAB:TMP1, CARG1, -LJ_TTAB, ->fff_fallback
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+#if LJ_52
+  |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:TMP1->metatable
+  |  ld TMP0, CFUNC:RB->upvalue[0]
+  |  bxnez TAB:TMP2, ->fff_fallback
+#else
+  |  ld TMP0, CFUNC:RB->upvalue[0]
+#endif
+  |  sd TISNIL, 0(BASE)
+  |   sd CARG1, -8(BASE)
+  |    sd TMP0, -16(BASE)
+  |  li RD, (3+1)*8
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |
+  |.ffunc_2 ipairs_aux
+  |  checktab CARG1, ->fff_fallback
+  |   checkint CARG2, ->fff_fallback
+  |  lw TMP0, TAB:CARG1->asize
+  |   ld TMP1, TAB:CARG1->array
+  |    ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  sext.w TMP2, CARG2
+  |  addiw TMP2, TMP2, 1
+  |  sltu TMP3, TMP2, TMP0
+  |   zext.w TMP0, TMP2
+  |   settp_b TMP0, TISNUM
+  |  sd TMP0, -16(BASE)
+  |  beqz TMP3, >2			// Not in array part?
+  |  slli TMP3, TMP2, 3
+  |  add TMP3, TMP1, TMP3
+  |  ld TMP1, 0(TMP3)
+  |1:
+  |  li RD, (0+1)*8
+  |  beq TMP1, TISNIL, ->fff_res	// End of iteration, return 0 results.
+  |  sd TMP1, -8(BASE)
+  |  li RD, (2+1)*8
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |2:  // Check for empty hash part first. Otherwise call C function.
+  |  lw TMP0, TAB:CARG1->hmask
+  |  li RD, (0+1)*8
+  |  beqz TMP0, ->fff_res
+  |  mv CARG2, TMP2
+  |  call_intern ff_ipairs_aux, lj_tab_getinth	// (GCtab *t, int32_t key)
+  |  // Returns cTValue * or NULL.
+  |  li RD, (0+1)*8
+  |  beqz CRET1, ->fff_res
+  |  ld TMP1, 0(CRET1)
+  |  j <1
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 ipairs
+  |  checktp TAB:TMP1, CARG1, -LJ_TTAB, ->fff_fallback
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+#if LJ_52
+  |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:TMP1->metatable
+#endif
+  |  ld CFUNC:TMP0, CFUNC:RB->upvalue[0]
+#if LJ_52
+  |  bxnez TAB:TMP2, ->fff_fallback
+#endif
+  |  slli TMP1, TISNUM, 47
+  |  sd CARG1, -8(BASE)
+  |   sd TMP1, 0(BASE)
+  |    sd CFUNC:TMP0, -16(BASE)
+  |  li RD, (3+1)*8
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |
+  |//-- Base library: catch errors ----------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.ffunc pcall
+  |  ld TMP1, L->maxstack
+  |  add TMP2, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |  bxltu TMP1, TMP2, ->fff_fallback
+  |  addi NARGS8:TMP0, NARGS8:RC, -8
+  |   lbu TMP3, GL->hookmask
+  |   mv TMP2, BASE
+  |  bxltz NARGS8:TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  mv NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:TMP0
+  |   addi BASE, BASE, 16
+  |  // Remember active hook before pcall.
+  |  srliw TMP3, TMP3, HOOK_ACTIVE_SHIFT
+  |  andi TMP3, TMP3, 1
+  |  addi PC, TMP3, 16+FRAME_PCALL
+  |  beqz NARGS8:RC, ->vm_call_dispatch
+  |1:
+  |   add TMP0, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |2:
+  |  ld TMP1, -16(TMP0)
+  |  sd TMP1, -8(TMP0)
+  |  addi TMP0, TMP0, -8
+  |  bne TMP0, BASE, <2
+  |  j ->vm_call_dispatch
+  |
+  |.ffunc xpcall
+  |  ld TMP1, L->maxstack
+  |  add TMP2, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |  bxltu TMP1, TMP2, ->fff_fallback
+  |  addi NARGS8:TMP0, NARGS8:RC, -16
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |   ld CARG2, 8(BASE)
+  |     lbu TMP1, GL->hookmask
+  |    bxltz NARGS8:TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  gettp TMP2, CARG2
+  |  addi TMP2, TMP2, -LJ_TFUNC
+  |  bxnez TMP2, ->fff_fallback		// Traceback must be a function.
+  |   mv TMP2, BASE
+  |  mv NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:TMP0
+  |   addi BASE, BASE, 24
+  |  // Remember active hook before pcall.
+  |  srliw TMP3, TMP3, HOOK_ACTIVE_SHIFT
+  |   sd CARG2, 0(TMP2)			// Swap function and traceback.
+  |  andi TMP3, TMP3, 1
+  |   sd CARG1, 8(TMP2)
+  |  addi PC, TMP3, 24+FRAME_PCALL
+  |  bnez NARGS8:RC, <1
+  |  j ->vm_call_dispatch
+  |
+  |//-- Coroutine library --------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.macro coroutine_resume_wrap, resume
+  |.if resume
+  |.ffunc_1 coroutine_resume
+  |  checktp CARG1, CARG1, -LJ_TTHREAD, ->fff_fallback
+  |.else
+  |.ffunc coroutine_wrap_aux
+  |  ld L:CARG1, CFUNC:RB->upvalue[0].gcr
+  |  cleartp L:CARG1
+  |.endif
+  |  lbu TMP0, L:CARG1->status
+  |   ld TMP1, L:CARG1->cframe
+  |    ld CARG2, L:CARG1->top
+  |    ld TMP2, L:CARG1->base
+  |  addiw CARG4, TMP0, -LUA_YIELD
+  |    add CARG3, CARG2, TMP0
+  |   addi TMP3, CARG2, 8
+  |  seqz TMP4, CARG4
+  |  neg TMP4, TMP4
+  |  xor CARG2, CARG2, TMP3		// CARG2 = TMP4 ? CARG2 : TMP3
+  |  and CARG2, CARG2, TMP4
+  |  xor CARG2, TMP3, CARG2
+  |  bgtz CARG4, ->fff_fallback		// st > LUA_YIELD?
+  |   xor TMP2, TMP2, CARG3
+  |   or CARG4, TMP2, TMP0
+  |  bnez TMP1, ->fff_fallback		// cframe != 0?
+  |  ld TMP0, L:CARG1->maxstack
+  |   ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  beqz CARG4, ->fff_fallback		// base == top && st == 0?
+  |  add TMP2, CARG2, NARGS8:RC
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  bltu TMP0, TMP2, ->fff_fallback		// Stack overflow?
+  |1:
+  |.if resume
+  |  addi BASE, BASE, 8		// Keep resumed thread in stack for GC.
+  |  addi NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:RC, -8
+  |  addi TMP2, TMP2, -8
+  |.endif
+  |  sd TMP2, L:CARG1->top
+  |  sd BASE, L->top
+  |  add TMP1, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |  mv CARG3, CARG2
+  |2:  // Move args to coroutine.
+  |   ld TMP0, 0(BASE)
+  |  sltu TMP3, BASE, TMP1
+  |   addi BASE, BASE, 8
+  |  beqz TMP3, >3
+  |   sd TMP0, 0(CARG3)
+  |   addi CARG3, CARG3, 8
+  |  j <2
+  |3:
+  |   mv L:RA, L:CARG1
+  |  jal ->vm_resume			// (lua_State *L, TValue *base, 0, 0)
+  |  // Returns thread status.
+  |4:
+  |  ld TMP2, L:RA->base
+  |   sltiu TMP1, CRET1, LUA_YIELD+1
+  |  ld TMP3, L:RA->top
+  |    li_vmstate INTERP
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |     sd L, GL->cur_L
+  |    st_vmstate
+  |  sub RD, TMP3, TMP2
+  |   beqz TMP1, >8
+  |  ld TMP0, L->maxstack
+  |   add TMP1, BASE, RD
+  |  beqz RD, >6			// No results?
+  |   add TMP3, TMP2, RD
+  |  bltu TMP0, TMP1, >9		// Need to grow stack?
+  |  sd TMP2, L:RA->top		// Clear coroutine stack.
+  |  mv TMP1, BASE
+  |5:  // Move results from coroutine.
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(TMP2)
+  |  addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(TMP1)
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP1, 8
+  |  bltu TMP2, TMP3, <5
+  |6:
+  |.if resume
+  |  mov_true TMP1
+  |  addi RD, RD, 16
+  |7:
+  |  sd TMP1, -8(BASE)	// Prepend true/false to results.
+  |   addi RA, BASE, -8
+  |.else
+  |  mv RA, BASE
+  |  addi RD, RD, 8
+  |.endif
+  |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |   mv MULTRES, RD
+  |//  bxeqz TMP0, ->BC_RET_Z	// Local label 9 in use
+  |  bnez TMP0, >6
+  |  j ->BC_RET_Z
+  |6:
+  |  j ->vm_return
+  |
+  |8:  // Coroutine returned with error (at co->top-1).
+  |.if resume
+  |  addi TMP3, TMP3, -8
+  |   mov_false TMP1
+  |   li RD, (2+1)*8
+  |   ld TMP0, 0(TMP3)
+  |  sd TMP3, L:RA->top		// Remove error from coroutine stack.
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(BASE)			// Copy error message.
+  |  j <7
+  |.else
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  mv CARG2, L:RA
+  |  // (lua_State *L, lua_State *co)
+  |  call_intern ff_coroutine_wrap_aux, lj_ffh_coroutine_wrap_err
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |9:  // Handle stack expansion on return from yield.
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  srliw CARG2, RD, 3
+  |  // (lua_State *L, int n)
+  |.if resume
+  |  call_intern ff_coroutine_resume, lj_state_growstack
+  |.else
+  |  call_intern ff_coroutine_wrap_aux, lj_state_growstack
+  |.endif
+  |  mv CRET1, x0
+  |  j <4
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |  coroutine_resume_wrap 1		// coroutine.resume
+  |  coroutine_resume_wrap 0		// coroutine.wrap
+  |
+  |.ffunc coroutine_yield
+  |  ld TMP0, L->cframe
+  |   add TMP1, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |    li CRET1, LUA_YIELD
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |  andi TMP0, TMP0, CFRAME_RESUME
+  |   sd TMP1, L->top
+  |  beqz TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  sd x0, L->cframe
+  |    sb CRET1, L->status
+  |  j ->vm_leave_unw
+  |
+  |//-- Math library -------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.macro math_round, func, rm
+  |->ff_math_ .. func:
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |   gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  beqz NARGS8:RC, ->fff_fallback
+  |   fmv.d.x FARG1, CARG1
+  |    beq TMP0, TISNUM, ->fff_restv
+  |   srli TMP1, CARG1, 52		// Extract exponent (and sign).
+  |    bgeu TMP0, TISNUM, ->fff_fallback
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP1, 0x7ff		// Extract exponent.
+  |  slti TMP2, TMP1, 1023 + 52 + 1	// 1023: Bias, 52: Max fraction
+  |  beqz TMP2, ->fff_resn		// Less than 2^52 / Not NaN?
+  |  fcvt.l.d TMP3, FARG1, rm
+  |  fcvt.d.l FTMP1, TMP3
+  |  fsgnj.d FRET1, FTMP1, FARG1
+  |  j ->fff_resn
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |  math_round floor, rdn
+  |  math_round ceil, rup
+  |
+  |.ffunc_1 math_abs
+  |  gettp CARG2, CARG1
+  |  addi TMP2, CARG2, -LJ_TISNUM
+  |   sext.w TMP1, CARG1
+  |  bnez TMP2, >1
+  |  sraiw TMP0, TMP1, 31			// Extract sign. int
+  |  xor TMP1, TMP1, TMP0
+  |  sub CARG1, TMP1, TMP0
+  |  slli TMP3, CARG1, 32
+  |   settp CARG1, TISNUM
+  |  bgez TMP3, ->fff_restv
+  |  lui CARG1, 0x41e00		// 2^31 as a double.
+  |  slli CARG1, CARG1, 32
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |1:
+  |  sltiu TMP2, CARG2, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  slli CARG1, CARG1, 1
+  |  srli CARG1, CARG1, 1
+  |  beqz TMP2, ->fff_fallback		// int
+  |// fallthrough
+  |
+  |->fff_restv:
+  |  // CARG1 = TValue result.
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  sd CARG1, -16(BASE)
+  |->fff_res1:
+  |  // RA = results, PC = return.
+  |  li RD, (1+1)*8
+  |->fff_res:
+  |  // RA = results, RD = (nresults+1)*8, PC = return.
+  |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+  |   mv MULTRES, RD
+  |  addi RA, BASE, -16
+  |  bxnez TMP0, ->vm_return
+  |  lw INS, -4(PC)
+  |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+  |5:
+  |  bltu RD, RB, >6			// More results expected?
+  |  decode_RA8a TMP0, INS
+  |  ins_next1
+  |  decode_RA8b TMP0
+  |  // Adjust BASE. KBASE is assumed to be set for the calling frame.
+  |  sub BASE, RA, TMP0
+  |  ins_next2
+  |
+  |6:  // Fill up results with nil.
+  |  add TMP1, RA, RD
+  |   addi RD, RD, 8
+  |   sd TISNIL, -8(TMP1)
+  |  j <5
+  |
+  |.macro math_extern, func
+  |  .ffunc_n math_ .. func
+  |  call_extern ff_math_extern, func
+  |  j ->fff_resn
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.macro math_extern2, func
+  |  .ffunc_nn math_ .. func
+  |  call_extern ff_math_extern2, func
+  |  j ->fff_resn
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.ffunc_n math_sqrt
+  |  fsqrt.d FRET1, FARG1
+  |->fff_resn:
+  |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  fsd FRET1, -16(BASE)
+  |  j ->fff_res1
+  |
+  |.ffunc math_log
+  |  li TMP1, 8
+  |   ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |   fld FARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  bne NARGS8:RC, TMP1, ->fff_fallback		// Need exactly 1 argument.
+  |  checknum CARG1, ->fff_fallback
+  |  call_extern ff_math_log, log
+  |  j ->fff_resn
+  |
+  |  math_extern log10
+  |  math_extern exp
+  |  math_extern sin
+  |  math_extern cos
+  |  math_extern tan
+  |  math_extern asin
+  |  math_extern acos
+  |  math_extern atan
+  |  math_extern sinh
+  |  math_extern cosh
+  |  math_extern tanh
+  |  math_extern2 pow
+  |  math_extern2 atan2
+  |  math_extern2 fmod
+  |
+  |.ffunc_2 math_ldexp
+  |  checknum CARG1, ->fff_fallback
+  |  checkint CARG2, ->fff_fallback
+  |   fld FARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |   lw CARG1, 8(BASE)
+  |  call_extern ff_math_ldexp, ldexp			// (double x, int exp)
+  |  j ->fff_resn
+  |
+  |.ffunc_n math_frexp
+  |   ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  addi CARG1, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+  |  call_extern ff_math_frexp, frexp
+  |    lw TMP1, GL->tmptv
+  |   fcvt.d.w FARG2, TMP1
+  |  fsd FRET1, -16(BASE)
+  |   fsd FARG2, -8(BASE)
+  |  li RD, (2+1)*8
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |
+  |.ffunc_n math_modf
+  |   addi CARG1, BASE, -16
+  |   ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  call_extern ff_math_modf, modf
+  |  fsd FRET1, -8(BASE)
+  |   li RD, (2+1)*8
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |
+  |.macro math_minmax, name, ismax
+  |  .ffunc_1 name
+  |  add RB, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |   addi RA, BASE, 8
+  |  checkint CARG1, >4
+  |1:  // Handle integers.
+  |   ld CARG2, 0(RA)
+  |  beq RA, RB, ->fff_restv
+  |   sext.w CARG1, CARG1
+  |  checkint CARG2, >3
+  |   sext.w CARG2, CARG2
+  |   slt TMP0, CARG1, CARG2
+  |.if ismax
+  |   addi TMP1, TMP0, -1
+  |.else
+  |   neg TMP1, TMP0
+  |.endif
+  |  xor TMP2, CARG1, CARG2		// CARG1 = TMP1 ? CARG1 : CARG2
+  |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP1
+  |  xor CARG1, CARG2, TMP2
+  |  addi RA, RA, 8
+  |   zext.w CARG1, CARG1
+  |   settp_b CARG1, TISNUM
+  |  j <1
+  |3:  // Convert intermediate result to number and continue below.
+  |   fcvt.d.w FARG1, CARG1
+  |  checknum CARG2, ->fff_fallback
+  |   fld FARG2, 0(RA)
+  |  j >6
+  |
+  |4:
+  |  fld FARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  checknum CARG1, ->fff_fallback
+  |5:  // Handle numbers.
+  |  ld CARG2, 0(RA)
+  |  fld FARG2, 0(RA)
+  |   bgeu RA, RB, ->fff_resn
+  |  checknum CARG2, >7
+  |6:
+  |.if ismax
+  |  flt.d TMP0, FARG2, FARG1
+  |.else // min
+  |  flt.d TMP0, FARG1, FARG2
+  |.endif
+  |  bnez TMP0, >8 // skip swap
+  |  fmv.d FARG1, FARG2
+  |8:
+  |   addi RA, RA, 8
+  |  j <5
+  |7:  // Convert integer to number and continue above.
+  |  checkint CARG2, ->fff_fallback
+  |   fcvt.d.w FARG2, CARG2
+  |  j <6
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |  math_minmax math_min, 0
+  |  math_minmax math_max, 1
+  |
+  |//-- String library -----------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.ffunc string_byte			// Only handle the 1-arg case here.
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  xori TMP1, NARGS8:RC, 8
+  |  addi TMP0, TMP0, -LJ_TSTR
+  |  or TMP1, TMP1, TMP0
+  |   cleartp STR:CARG1
+  |  bnez TMP1, ->fff_fallback		// Need exactly 1 string argument.
+  |  lw TMP0, STR:CARG1->len
+  |    ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  snez RD, TMP0
+  |   lbu TMP2, STR:CARG1[1]		// Access is always ok (NUL at end).
+  |  addiw RD, RD, 1
+  |  slliw RD, RD, 3			// RD = ((str->len != 0)+1)*8
+  |  settp_b TMP2, TISNUM
+  |   sd TMP2, -16(BASE)
+  |  j ->fff_res
+  |
+  |.ffunc string_char			// Only handle the 1-arg case here.
+  |  ffgccheck
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  xori TMP1, NARGS8:RC, 8		// Need exactly 1 argument.
+  |  addi TMP0, TMP0, -LJ_TISNUM	// Integer.
+  |  li TMP2, 255
+  |   sext.w CARG1, CARG1
+  |  or TMP1, TMP1, TMP0
+  |   sltu TMP2, TMP2, CARG1		// !(255 < n).
+  |   or TMP1, TMP1, TMP2
+  |   li CARG3, 1
+  |  bnez TMP1, ->fff_fallback
+  |  addi CARG2, sp, TMPD_OFS
+  |  sb CARG1, TMPD(sp)
+  |->fff_newstr:
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  // (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l)
+  |  call_intern fff_newstr, lj_str_new
+  |  // Returns GCstr *.
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |->fff_resstr:
+  |  li TMP1, LJ_TSTR
+  |  settp CRET1, TMP1
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |.ffunc string_sub
+  |  ffgccheck
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  ld CARG2, 8(BASE)
+  |  ld CARG3, 16(BASE)
+  |  addi TMP0, NARGS8:RC, -16
+  |   gettp TMP1, CARG1
+  |  bltz TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  cleartp STR:CARG1, CARG1
+  |   li CARG4, -1
+  |  beqz TMP0, >1
+  |   sext.w CARG4, CARG3
+  |  checkint CARG3, ->fff_fallback
+  |1:
+  |  checkint CARG2, ->fff_fallback
+  |  addi TMP0, TMP1, -LJ_TSTR
+  |   sext.w CARG3, CARG2
+  |  bnez TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  lw CARG2, STR:CARG1->len
+  |  // STR:CARG1 = str, CARG2 = str->len, CARG3 = start, CARG4 = end
+  |  addiw TMP0, CARG2, 1
+  |  bgez CARG4, >2
+  |  addw CARG4, CARG4, TMP0		// if (end < 0) end += len+1
+  |2:
+  |  bgez CARG3, >3
+  |  addw CARG3, CARG3, TMP0		// if (start < 0) start += len+1
+  |3:
+  |  bgez CARG4, >4
+  |  mv CARG4, x0			// if (end < 0) end = 0
+  |4:
+  |  bgtz CARG3, >5
+  |   li CARG3, 1		// if (start < 1) start = 1
+  |5:
+  |  ble CARG4, CARG2, >6
+  |  mv CARG4, CARG2		// if (end > len) end = len
+  |6:
+  |   add CARG2, STR:CARG1, CARG3
+  |  sub CARG3, CARG4, CARG3		// len = end - start
+  |   addi CARG2, CARG2, sizeof(GCstr)-1
+  |   addiw CARG3, CARG3, 1             // len += 1
+  |  bgez CARG3, ->fff_newstr
+  |->fff_emptystr:  // Return empty string.
+  |  li TMP1, LJ_TSTR
+  |  addi STR:CARG1, GL, offsetof(global_State, strempty)
+  |   settp CARG1, TMP1
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |.macro ffstring_op, name
+  |  .ffunc string_ .. name
+  |  ffgccheck
+  |   ld CARG2, 0(BASE)
+  |  beqz NARGS8:RC, ->fff_fallback
+  |  checkstr STR:CARG2, ->fff_fallback
+  |  addi SBUF:CARG1, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmpbuf)
+  |  ld TMP0, SBUF:CARG1->b
+  |   sd L, SBUF:CARG1->L
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sd TMP0, SBUF:CARG1->w
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  call_intern ff_string_ .. name, lj_buf_putstr_ .. name
+  |  call_intern ff_string_ .. name, lj_buf_tostr	// CARG1 = CRET1
+  |   ld BASE, L->base
+  |  j ->fff_resstr
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |ffstring_op reverse
+  |ffstring_op lower
+  |ffstring_op upper
+  |
+  |//-- Bit library --------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vm_tobit_fb:
+  |  fld FARG1, 0(BASE)
+  |  beqz TMP1, ->fff_fallback
+  |   fadd.d FARG1, FARG1, TOBIT
+  |  fmv.x.w CRET1, FARG1
+  |  zext.w CRET1, CRET1
+  |  ret
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_bit, name
+  |  .ffunc_1 bit_..name
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |   zext.w CRET1, CARG1
+  |  beq TMP0, TISNUM, >1
+  |   sltiu TMP1, TMP0, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  jal ->vm_tobit_fb
+  |1:
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_bit_op, name, bins
+  |  .ffunc_bit name
+  |  addi TMP2, BASE, 8
+  |  add TMP3, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |1:
+  |   ld TMP1, 0(TMP2)
+  |  beq TMP2, TMP3, ->fff_resi
+  |  gettp TMP0, TMP1
+  |   addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+  |  bne TMP0, TISNUM, >2
+  |  zext.w TMP1, TMP1
+  |   bins CRET1, CRET1, TMP1
+  |  j <1
+  |2:
+  |   fld FARG1, -8(TMP2)
+  |  sltiu TMP0, TMP0, LJ_TISNUM
+  |   fadd.d FARG1, FARG1, TOBIT
+  |  beqz TMP0, ->fff_fallback
+  |  fmv.x.w TMP1, FARG1
+  |  zext.w TMP1, TMP1
+  |   bins CRET1, CRET1, TMP1
+  |  j <1
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.ffunc_bit_op band, and
+  |.ffunc_bit_op bor, or
+  |.ffunc_bit_op bxor, xor
+  |
+  |.ffunc_bit bswap
+  |  srliw CARG2, CARG1, 8
+  |   lui CARG3, 16
+  |   addiw CARG3, CARG3, -256
+  |  and CARG2, CARG2, CARG3
+  |   srliw CARG3, CARG1, 24
+  |  or CARG2, CARG2, CARG3
+  |   slli CARG3, CARG1, 8
+  |    lui CARG4, 0x00ff0
+  |   and CARG3, CARG3, CARG4
+  |  slli CARG1, CARG1, 24
+  |  or CARG1, CARG1, CARG3
+  |  or CARG1, CARG1, CARG2
+  |  slli CARG1, CARG1, 32
+  |  srli CARG1, CARG1, 32
+  |  j ->fff_resi
+  |
+  |.ffunc_bit tobit
+  |->fff_resi:
+  |  settp CARG1, TISNUM	// CARG1 = CRET1
+  |  j ->fff_restv
+  |
+  |.ffunc_bit bnot
+  |  not CRET1, CRET1
+  |  zext.w CRET1, CRET1
+  |  j ->fff_resi
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_bit_sh, name, shins
+  |  .ffunc_2 bit_..name
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  beq TMP0, TISNUM, >1
+  |   sltiu TMP1, TMP0, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  jal ->vm_tobit_fb
+  |//  mv CARG1, CRET1		// CARG1 = CRET1
+  |1:
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG2
+  |   zext.w CARG2, CARG2
+  |  bne TMP0, TISNUM, ->fff_fallback
+  |  sext.w CARG1, CARG1
+  |  shins CRET1, CARG1, CARG2
+  |   zext.w CRET1, CRET1
+  |  j ->fff_resi
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.ffunc_bit_sh lshift, sllw
+  |.ffunc_bit_sh rshift, srlw
+  |.ffunc_bit_sh arshift, sraw
+  |
+  |.macro .ffunc_bit_rot, name, rotinsa, rotinsb
+  |  .ffunc_2 bit_..name
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+  |  beq TMP0, TISNUM, >1
+  |   sltiu TMP1, TMP0, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  jal ->vm_tobit_fb
+  |//  mv CARG1, CRET1		// CARG1 = CRET1
+  |1:
+  |  gettp TMP0, CARG2
+  |   zext.w CARG2, CARG2
+  |  bne TMP0, TISNUM, ->fff_fallback
+  |  sext.w CARG1, CARG1
+  |  neg TMP2, CARG2
+  |  rotinsa TMP1, CARG1, CARG2
+  |  rotinsb TMP0, CARG1, TMP2
+  |  or CRET1, TMP0, TMP1
+  |   zext.w CRET1, CRET1
+  |  j ->fff_resi
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |.ffunc_bit_rot rol, sllw, srlw
+  |.ffunc_bit_rot ror, srlw, sllw
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->fff_fallback:			// Call fast function fallback handler.
+  |  // BASE = new base, RB = CFUNC, RC = nargs*8
+  |   ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)		// Fallback may overwrite PC.
+  |  ld CARG3, CFUNC:RB->f
+  |    add TMP1, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |    addi TMP0, TMP1, 8*LUA_MINSTACK
+  |     ld TMP2, L->maxstack
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)			// Redundant (but a defined value).
+  |    sd TMP1, L->top
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |  bltu TMP2, TMP0, >5			// Need to grow stack.
+  |  jalr CARG3				// (lua_State *L)
+  |  // Either throws an error, or recovers and returns -1, 0 or nresults+1.
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |   slliw RD, CRET1, 3
+  |  bgtz CRET1, ->fff_res		// Returned nresults+1?
+  |1:  // Returned 0 or -1: retry fast path.
+  |   ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  ld TMP0, L->top
+  |   sub NARGS8:RC, TMP0, BASE
+  |   cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  bnez CRET1, ->vm_call_tail		// Returned -1?
+  |  ins_callt				// Returned 0: retry fast path.
+  |
+  |// Reconstruct previous base for vmeta_call during tailcall.
+  |->vm_call_tail:
+  |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+  |   andi TMP1, PC, ~FRAME_TYPEP	// TODO
+  |  bnez TMP0, >3
+  |  lbu TMP1, OFS_RA(PC)
+  |  slliw TMP1, TMP1, 3
+  |  addiw TMP1, TMP1, 16
+  |3:
+  |   sub TMP2, BASE, TMP1
+  |  j ->vm_call_dispatch		// Resolve again for tailcall.
+  |
+  |5:  // Grow stack for fallback handler.
+  |  li CARG2, LUA_MINSTACK
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |  call_intern vm_call_tail, lj_state_growstack	// (lua_State *L, int n)
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |   mv CRET1, x0		// Set zero-flag to force retry.
+  |  j <1
+  |
+  |->fff_gcstep:			// Call GC step function.
+  |  // BASE = new base, RC = nargs*8
+  |  mv MULTRES, ra
+  |  add TMP0, BASE, NARGS8:RC	// Calculate L->top.
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)		// Redundant (but a defined value).
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |  sd TMP0, L->top
+  |  call_intern fff_gc_step, lj_gc_step	// (lua_State *L)
+  |   ld BASE, L->base
+  |  mv ra, MULTRES			// Help return address predictor.
+  |    ld TMP0, L->top
+  |  ld CFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  cleartp CFUNC:RB
+  |   sub NARGS8:RC, TMP0, BASE
+  |  ret
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Special dispatch targets -------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |->vm_record:				// Dispatch target for recording phase.
+  |.if JIT
+  |  lbu TMP3, GL->hookmask
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP3, HOOK_VMEVENT	// No recording while in vmevent.
+  |  bnez TMP1, >5
+  |  // Decrement the hookcount for consistency, but always do the call.
+  |  lw TMP2, GL->hookcount
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP3, HOOK_ACTIVE
+  |  bnez TMP1, >1
+  |  addiw TMP2, TMP2, -1
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP3, LUA_MASKLINE|LUA_MASKCOUNT
+  |  beqz TMP1, >1
+  |  sw TMP2, GL->hookcount
+  |  j >1
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->vm_rethook:			// Dispatch target for return hooks.
+  |   lbu TMP3, GL->hookmask
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP3, HOOK_ACTIVE		// Hook already active?
+  |  beqz TMP1, >1
+  |5:  // Re-dispatch to static ins.
+  |   ld TMP1, GG_DISP2STATIC(TMP0)	// Assumes TMP0 holds DISPATCH+OP*4.
+  |  jr TMP1
+  |
+  |->vm_inshook:			// Dispatch target for instr/line hooks.
+  |  lbu TMP3, GL->hookmask
+  |  lw TMP2, GL->hookcount
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP3, HOOK_ACTIVE		// Hook already active?
+  |  bnez TMP1, <5
+  |   andi TMP1, TMP3, LUA_MASKLINE|LUA_MASKCOUNT
+  |   addiw TMP2, TMP2, -1
+  |  beqz TMP1, <5
+  |   sw TMP2, GL->hookcount
+  |  beqz TMP2, >1
+  |  andi TMP1, TMP3, LUA_MASKLINE
+  |  beqz TMP1, <5
+  |1:
+  |   sw MULTRES, TMPD(sp)
+  |  mv CARG2, PC
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |  // SAVE_PC must hold the _previous_ PC. The callee updates it with PC.
+  |  call_intern vm_inshook, lj_dispatch_ins	// (lua_State *L, const BCIns *pc)
+  |3:
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |4:  // Re-dispatch to static ins.
+  |  lw INS, -4(PC)
+  |  decode_OP8 TMP1, INS
+  |  add TMP0, DISPATCH, TMP1
+  |   decode_RD8a RD, INS
+  |  ld TMP1, GG_DISP2STATIC(TMP0)
+  |   decode_RA8 RA, INS
+  |   decode_RD8b RD
+  |  jr TMP1
+  |
+  |->cont_hook:				// Continue from hook yield.
+  |  addi PC, PC, 4
+  |   lw MULTRES, -24(RB)		// Restore MULTRES for *M ins.
+  |  j <4
+  |
+  |->vm_hotloop:			// Hot loop counter underflow.
+  |.if JIT
+  |  ld LFUNC:TMP1, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  addi CARG1, GL, GG_G2J
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP1
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:TMP1->pc
+  |  mv CARG2, PC
+  |  sd L, (offsetof(jit_State, L))(CARG1)
+  |  lbu TMP1, PC2PROTO(framesize)(TMP1)
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  slli TMP1, TMP1, 3
+  |  add TMP1, BASE, TMP1
+  |  sd TMP1, L->top
+  |  call_intern vm_hotloop, lj_trace_hot	// (jit_State *J, const BCIns *pc)
+  |  j <3
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |
+  |->vm_callhook:			// Dispatch target for call hooks.
+  |  mv CARG2, PC
+  |.if JIT
+  |  j >1
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->vm_hotcall:			// Hot call counter underflow.
+  |.if JIT
+  |  ori CARG2, PC, 1
+  |1:
+  |.endif
+  |  add TMP0, BASE, RC
+  |  sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sub RA, RA, BASE
+  |  sd TMP0, L->top
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  call_intern vm_hotcall, lj_dispatch_call	// (lua_State *L, const BCIns *pc)
+  |  // Returns ASMFunction.
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |  ld TMP0, L->top
+  |  sd x0, SAVE_PC(sp)		// Invalidate for subsequent line hook.
+  |  add RA, BASE, RA
+  |  sub NARGS8:RC, TMP0, BASE
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  lw INS, -4(PC)
+  |  jr CRET1
+  |
+  |->cont_stitch:			// Trace stitching.
+  |.if JIT
+  |  // RA = resultptr, RB = meta base
+  |  lw INS, -4(PC)
+  |  ld TRACE:TMP2, -40(RB)		// Save previous trace.
+  |  decode_RA8 RC, INS
+  |  addi TMP1, MULTRES, -8
+  |  cleartp TRACE:TMP2
+  |  add RC, BASE, RC			// Call base.
+  |  beqz TMP1, >2
+  |1:  // Move results down.
+  |  ld CARG1, 0(RA)
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP1, -8
+  |  addi RA, RA, 8
+  |  sd CARG1, 0(RC)
+  |  addi RC, RC, 8
+  |  bnez TMP1, <1
+  |2:
+  |  decode_RA8 RA, INS
+  |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+  |  add RA, RA, RB
+  |  add RA, BASE, RA
+  |3:
+  |  bltu RC, RA, >8			// More results wanted?
+  |
+  |  lhu TMP3, TRACE:TMP2->traceno
+  |  lhu RD, TRACE:TMP2->link
+  |  bxeq RD, TMP3, ->cont_nop		// Blacklisted.
+  |  slliw RD, RD, 3
+  |  bxnez RD, =>BC_JLOOP		// Jump to stitched trace.
+  |
+  |  // Stitch a new trace to the previous trace.
+  |  addi CARG1, GL, GG_G2J
+  |  // addi CARG2, CARG1, 1		// We don't care what's on the verge.
+  |  addi CARG2, CARG1, 2047		// jit_State too large.
+  |  sw TMP3, (offsetof(jit_State, exitno)-2047)(CARG2)
+  |  sd L, (offsetof(jit_State, L)-2047)(CARG2)
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  mv CARG2, PC
+  |  // (jit_State *J, const BCIns *pc)
+  |  call_intern cont_stitch, lj_dispatch_stitch
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |  j ->cont_nop
+  |
+  |8:
+  |  sd TISNIL, 0(RC)
+  |  addi RC, RC, 8
+  |  j <3
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->vm_profhook:			// Dispatch target for profiler hook.
+#if LJ_HASPROFILE
+  |   mv CARG1, L
+  |  mv CARG2, PC
+  |   sd BASE, L->base
+  |   sw MULTRES, TMPD(sp)
+  |  // (lua_State *L, const BCIns *pc)
+  |  call_intern vm_profhook, lj_dispatch_profile
+  |  // HOOK_PROFILE is off again, so re-dispatch to dynamic instruction.
+  |  addi PC, PC, -4
+  |   ld BASE, L->base
+  |  j ->cont_nop
+#endif
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Trace exit handler -------------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |.macro savex_, a, b
+  |  fsd f..a, a*8(sp)
+  |  fsd f..b, b*8(sp)
+  |  sd x..a, 32*8+a*8(sp)
+  |  sd x..b, 32*8+b*8(sp)
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |->vm_exit_handler:
+  |.if JIT
+  |  addi sp, sp, -(32*8+32*8)
+  |  savex_ 0, 5
+  |  savex_ 6, 7
+  |  savex_ 8, 9
+  |  savex_ 10, 11
+  |  savex_ 12, 13
+  |  savex_ 14, 15
+  |  savex_ 16, 17
+  |  savex_ 18, 19
+  |  savex_ 20, 21
+  |  savex_ 22, 23
+  |  savex_ 24, 25
+  |  savex_ 26, 27
+  |  savex_ 28, 29
+  |  savex_ 30, 31
+  |  fsd f1, 1*8(sp)
+  |  fsd f2, 2*8(sp)
+  |  fsd f3, 3*8(sp)
+  |  fsd f4, 4*8(sp)
+  |  sd x0, 32*8+1*8(sp)		// Clear RID_TMP.
+  |  ld TMP1, 32*8+32*8(sp)			// Load exit pc.
+  |   addi TMP2, sp, 32*8+32*8		// Recompute original value of sp.
+  |  addxi DISPATCH, GL, GG_G2DISP
+  |   sd TMP2, 32*8+2*8(sp)		// Store sp in RID_SP
+  |  addi CARG1, GL, GG_G2J
+  |    li_vmstate EXIT
+  |  // addi CARG2, CARG1, 1		// We don't care what's on the verge.
+  |  addi CARG2, CARG1, 2047		// jit_State too large.
+  |  sub TMP1, TMP1, ra
+  |   lw TMP2, 0(ra)			// Load trace number.
+  |    st_vmstate
+  |  srli TMP1, TMP1, 2
+  |  ld L, GL->cur_L
+  |  ld BASE, GL->jit_base
+  |  srli TMP2, TMP2, 12
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP1, -2
+  |  sd L, (offsetof(jit_State, L)-2047)(CARG2)
+  |  sw TMP2, (offsetof(jit_State, parent)-2047)(CARG2)	// Store trace number.
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sw TMP1, (offsetof(jit_State, exitno)-2047)(CARG2)	// Store exit number.
+  |  sd x0, GL->jit_base
+  |  mv CARG2, sp
+  |  call_intern vm_exit_handler, lj_trace_exit	// (jit_State *J, ExitState *ex)
+  |  // Returns MULTRES (unscaled) or negated error code.
+  |  ld TMP1, L->cframe
+  |  ld BASE, L->base
+  |  andi sp, TMP1, CFRAME_RAWMASK
+  |  ld PC, SAVE_PC(sp)		// Get SAVE_PC.
+  |  sd L, SAVE_L(sp)			// Set SAVE_L (on-trace resume/yield).
+  |  j >1
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->vm_exit_interp:
+  |.if JIT
+  |  // CRET1 = MULTRES or negated error code, BASE, PC and JGL set.
+  |  ld L, SAVE_L(sp)
+  |  addxi DISPATCH, GL, GG_G2DISP
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |1:
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  sltiu TMP0, CRET1, -LUA_ERRERR  // Check for error from exit.
+  |  beqz TMP0, >9
+  |  lui TMP3, 0x43380		// TOBIT = Hiword of 2^52 + 2^51 (double).
+  |  slli MULTRES, CRET1, 3
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  sw MULTRES, TMPD(sp)
+  |  li TISNIL, LJ_TNIL
+  |  li TISNUM, LJ_TISNUM		// Setup type comparison constants.
+  |  slli TMP3, TMP3, 32
+  |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:RB->pc
+  |  sd x0, GL->jit_base
+  |  ld KBASE, PC2PROTO(k)(TMP1)
+  |  fmv.d.x TOBIT, TMP3
+  |  // Modified copy of ins_next which handles function header dispatch, too.
+  |  lw INS, 0(PC)
+  |   addi PC, PC, 4
+  |  addiw CRET1, CRET1, 17		// Static dispatch?
+  |  // Assumes TISNIL == ~LJ_VMST_INTERP == -1
+  |  sw TISNIL, GL->vmstate
+  |   decode_RD8a RD, INS
+  |  beqz CRET1, >5
+  |  decode_OP8 TMP1, INS
+  |  add TMP0, DISPATCH, TMP1
+  |    sltiu TMP2, TMP1, BC_FUNCF*8
+  |  ld TMP3, 0(TMP0)
+  |   decode_RA8 RA, INS
+  |    beqz TMP2, >2
+  |   decode_RD8b RD
+  |  jr TMP3
+  |2:
+  |  sltiu TMP2, TMP1, (BC_FUNCC+2)*8	// Fast function?
+  |  ld TMP1, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+  |  bnez TMP2, >3
+  |  // Check frame below fast function.
+  |  andi TMP0, TMP1, FRAME_TYPE
+  |  bnez TMP0, >3			// Trace stitching continuation?
+  |  // Otherwise set KBASE for Lua function below fast function.
+  |  lw TMP2, -4(TMP1)
+  |  decode_RA8 TMP0, TMP2
+  |  sub TMP1, BASE, TMP0
+  |  ld LFUNC:TMP2, -32(TMP1)
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP2
+  |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:TMP2->pc
+  |  ld KBASE, PC2PROTO(k)(TMP1)
+  |3:
+  |  addi RC, MULTRES, -8
+  |  add RA, RA, BASE
+  |  jr TMP3
+  |
+  |5:  // Dispatch to static entry of original ins replaced by BC_JLOOP.
+  |  ld TMP0, GL_J(trace)(GL)
+  |  decode_RD8b RD
+  |  add TMP0, TMP0, RD
+  |  ld TRACE:TMP2, 0(TMP0)
+  |  lw INS, TRACE:TMP2->startins
+  |  decode_OP8 TMP1, INS
+  |  add TMP0, DISPATCH, TMP1
+  |   decode_RD8a RD, INS
+  |  ld TMP3, GG_DISP2STATIC(TMP0)
+  |   decode_RA8a RA, INS
+  |   decode_RD8b RD
+  |   decode_RA8b RA
+  |  jr TMP3
+  |
+  |9:  // Rethrow error from the right C frame.
+  |  negw CARG2, CRET1
+  |  mv CARG1, L
+  |  call_intern vm_exit_interp, lj_err_trace	// (lua_State *L, int errcode)
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Math helper functions ----------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |
+  |// Hard-float round to integer.
+  |// Modifies TMP0, FARG1, FARG5
+  |.macro vm_round, rm
+  |  fmv.x.d TMP0, FARG1
+  |  srli TMP0, TMP0, 52	// Extract exponent (and sign).
+  |  andi TMP0, TMP0, 0x7ff	// Extract exponent.
+  |  addi TMP0, TMP0, -1075
+  |  bgtz TMP0, >1		// Less than 2^52 / Not NaN?
+  |  fcvt.l.d TMP0, FARG1, rm
+  |  fcvt.d.l FARG5, TMP0
+  |  fsgnj.d FRET1, FARG5, FARG1
+  |1:
+  |  ret
+  |.endmacro
+  |
+  |
+  |->vm_floor:
+  |  vm_round rdn
+  |->vm_ceil:
+  |  vm_round rup
+  |->vm_trunc:
+  |.if JIT
+  |  vm_round rtz
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- Miscellaneous functions --------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |// void lj_vm_fence_rw_rw()
+  |->vm_fence_rw_rw:
+  |.if JIT or FFI
+  |  .long 0x0330000f
+  |  ret
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |.define NEXT_TAB,            TAB:CARG1
+  |.define NEXT_IDX,            CARG2
+  |.define NEXT_ASIZE,          CARG3
+  |.define NEXT_NIL,            CARG4
+  |.define NEXT_TMP0,           TMP0
+  |.define NEXT_TMP1,           TMP1
+  |.define NEXT_TMP2,           TMP2
+  |.define NEXT_RES_VK,         CRET1
+  |.define NEXT_RES_IDX,        CRET2
+  |.define NEXT_RES_PTR,        sp
+  |.define NEXT_RES_VAL,        0(sp)
+  |.define NEXT_RES_KEY,        8(sp)
+  |
+  |// TValue *lj_vm_next(GCtab *t, uint32_t idx)
+  |// Next idx returned in CRET2.
+  |->vm_next:
+  |.if JIT
+  |  lw NEXT_ASIZE, NEXT_TAB->asize
+  |  ld NEXT_TMP0, NEXT_TAB->array
+  |  li NEXT_NIL, LJ_TNIL
+  |1:  // Traverse array part.
+  |  bgeu NEXT_IDX, NEXT_ASIZE, >5
+  |  slliw NEXT_TMP1, NEXT_IDX, 3
+  |  add NEXT_TMP1, NEXT_TMP0, NEXT_TMP1
+  |  li TMP3, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  ld NEXT_TMP2, 0(NEXT_TMP1)
+  |  slli TMP3, TMP3, 47
+  |  or NEXT_TMP1, NEXT_IDX, TMP3
+  |  addiw NEXT_IDX, NEXT_IDX, 1
+  |  beq NEXT_TMP2, NEXT_NIL, <1
+  |  sd NEXT_TMP2, NEXT_RES_VAL
+  |  sd NEXT_TMP1, NEXT_RES_KEY
+  |  mv NEXT_RES_VK, NEXT_RES_PTR
+  |  mv NEXT_RES_IDX, NEXT_IDX
+  |  ret
+  |
+  |5:  // Traverse hash part.
+  |  subw NEXT_RES_IDX, NEXT_IDX, NEXT_ASIZE
+  |  lw NEXT_TMP0, NEXT_TAB->hmask
+  |  ld NODE:NEXT_RES_VK, NEXT_TAB->node
+  |  slliw NEXT_TMP2, NEXT_RES_IDX, 5
+  |  slliw TMP3, NEXT_RES_IDX, 3
+  |  subw TMP3, NEXT_TMP2, TMP3
+  |  add NODE:NEXT_RES_VK, NODE:NEXT_RES_VK, TMP3
+  |6:
+  |  bltu NEXT_TMP0, NEXT_RES_IDX, >8
+  |  ld NEXT_TMP2, NODE:NEXT_RES_VK->val
+  |  addiw NEXT_RES_IDX, NEXT_RES_IDX, 1
+  |  bne NEXT_TMP2, NEXT_NIL, >9
+  |  // Skip holes in hash part.
+  |  addi NODE:NEXT_RES_VK, NODE:NEXT_RES_VK, sizeof(Node)
+  |  j <6
+  |
+  |8:  // End of iteration. Set the key to nil (not the value).
+  |  sd NEXT_NIL, NEXT_RES_KEY
+  |  mv NEXT_RES_VK, NEXT_RES_PTR
+  |9:
+  |  addw NEXT_RES_IDX, NEXT_RES_IDX, NEXT_ASIZE
+  |  ret
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |//-- FFI helper functions -----------------------------------------------
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  |
+  |// Handler for callback functions. Callback slot number in x5, g in x7.
+  |->vm_ffi_callback:
+  |.if FFI
+  |.type CTSTATE, CTState, PC
+  |  saveregs
+  |  ld CTSTATE, GL:x7->ctype_state
+  |  mv GL, x7
+  |  addxi DISPATCH, x7, GG_G2DISP
+  |  srli x5, x5, 12
+  |  sw x5, CTSTATE->cb.slot
+  |  sd CARG1, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[0]
+  |  fsd FARG1, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[0]
+  |  sd CARG2, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[1]
+  |  fsd FARG2, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[1]
+  |  sd CARG3, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[2]
+  |  fsd FARG3, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[2]
+  |  sd CARG4, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[3]
+  |  fsd FARG4, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[3]
+  |  sd CARG5, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[4]
+  |  fsd FARG5, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[4]
+  |  sd CARG6, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[5]
+  |  fsd FARG6, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[5]
+  |  sd CARG7, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[6]
+  |  fsd FARG7, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[6]
+  |  sd CARG8, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[7]
+  |  fsd FARG8, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[7]
+  |  addi TMP0, sp, CFRAME_SPACE
+  |  sd TMP0, CTSTATE->cb.stack
+  |  sd x0, SAVE_PC(sp)			// Any value outside of bytecode is ok.
+  |  mv CARG1, CTSTATE
+  |  mv CARG2, sp
+  |  call_intern vm_ffi_callback, lj_ccallback_enter	// (CTState *cts, void *cf)
+  |  // Returns lua_State *.
+  |  ld BASE, L:CRET1->base
+  |  ld RC, L:CRET1->top
+  |  mv L, CRET1
+  |  lui TMP3, 0x43380			// TOBIT = Hiword of 2^52 + 2^51 (double).
+  |  ld LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+  |  li TISNIL, LJ_TNIL
+  |  li TISNUM, LJ_TISNUM
+  |  slli TMP3, TMP3, 32
+  |  li_vmstate INTERP
+  |  subw RC, RC, BASE
+  |  cleartp LFUNC:RB
+  |  st_vmstate
+  |  fmv.d.x TOBIT, TMP3
+  |  ins_callt
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->cont_ffi_callback:				// Return from FFI callback.
+  |.if FFI
+  |  ld CTSTATE, GL->ctype_state
+  |  sd BASE, L->base
+  |  sd RB, L->top
+  |  sd L, CTSTATE->L
+  |  mv CARG1, CTSTATE
+  |  mv CARG2, RA
+  |  // (CTState *cts, TValue *o)
+  |  call_intern cont_ffi_callback, lj_ccallback_leave
+  |  fld FRET1, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[0]
+  |  ld CRET1, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[0]
+  |  fld FRET2, CTSTATE->cb.fpr[1]
+  |  ld CRET2, CTSTATE->cb.gpr[1]
+  |  j ->vm_leave_unw
+  |.endif
+  |
+  |->vm_ffi_call:			// Call C function via FFI.
+  |  // Caveat: needs special frame unwinding, see below.
+  |.if FFI
+  |  .type CCSTATE, CCallState, CARG1
+  |  lw TMP1, CCSTATE->spadj
+  |  lbu CARG2, CCSTATE->nsp
+  |  mv TMP2, sp
+  |  sub sp, sp, TMP1
+  |  sd ra, -8(TMP2)
+  |  sd x18, -16(TMP2)
+  |  sd CCSTATE, -24(TMP2)
+  |  mv x18, TMP2
+  |  addi TMP1, CCSTATE, offsetof(CCallState, stack)
+  |  mv TMP2, sp
+  |  add TMP3, TMP1, CARG2
+  |  beqz CARG2, >2
+  |1:
+  |  ld TMP0, 0(TMP1)
+  |  addi TMP1, TMP1, 8
+  |  sd TMP0, 0(TMP2)
+  |  addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+  |  bltu TMP1, TMP3, <1
+  |2:
+  |  fld FARG1, CCSTATE->fpr[0]
+  |  fld FARG2, CCSTATE->fpr[1]
+  |  fld FARG3, CCSTATE->fpr[2]
+  |  fld FARG4, CCSTATE->fpr[3]
+  |  fld FARG5, CCSTATE->fpr[4]
+  |  fld FARG6, CCSTATE->fpr[5]
+  |  fld FARG7, CCSTATE->fpr[6]
+  |  fld FARG8, CCSTATE->fpr[7]
+  |  ld CFUNCADDR, CCSTATE->func
+  |  ld CARG2, CCSTATE->gpr[1]
+  |  ld CARG3, CCSTATE->gpr[2]
+  |  ld CARG4, CCSTATE->gpr[3]
+  |  ld CARG5, CCSTATE->gpr[4]
+  |  ld CARG6, CCSTATE->gpr[5]
+  |  ld CARG7, CCSTATE->gpr[6]
+  |  ld CARG8, CCSTATE->gpr[7]
+  |  ld CARG1, CCSTATE->gpr[0]		// Do this last, since CCSTATE is CARG1.
+  |  jalr CFUNCADDR
+  |  ld CCSTATE:TMP1, -24(x18)
+  |  ld TMP0, -16(x18)
+  |  ld ra, -8(x18)
+  |  sd CRET1, CCSTATE:TMP1->gpr[0]
+  |  sd CRET2, CCSTATE:TMP1->gpr[1]
+  |  fsd FRET1, CCSTATE:TMP1->fpr[0]
+  |  fsd FRET2, CCSTATE:TMP1->fpr[1]
+  |  mv sp, x18
+  |  mv x18, TMP0
+  |  ret
+  |.endif
+  |// Note: vm_ffi_call must be the last function in this object file!
+  |
+  |//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+}
+
+/* Generate the code for a single instruction. */
+static void build_ins(BuildCtx *ctx, BCOp op, int defop)
+{
+  int vk = 0;
+  |=>defop:
+
+  switch (op) {
+
+  /* -- Comparison ops ---------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  /* Remember: all ops branch for a true comparison, fall through otherwise. */
+
+  case BC_ISLT: case BC_ISGE: case BC_ISLE: case BC_ISGT:
+    |  // RA = src1*8, RD = src2*8, JMP with RD = target
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  add RD, BASE, RD
+    if (op == BC_ISLT || op == BC_ISGE) {
+      |  ld CARG1, 0(RA)
+      |   ld CARG2, 0(RD)
+      |  gettp CARG3, CARG1
+      |   gettp CARG4, CARG2
+    } else {
+      |  ld CARG2, 0(RA)
+      |   ld CARG1, 0(RD)
+      |  gettp CARG3, CARG2
+      |   gettp CARG4, CARG1
+    }
+    |  lhu TMP2, OFS_RD(PC)		// TMP2=jump
+    |   addi PC, PC, 4
+    |  bne CARG3, TISNUM, >2
+    |  decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |   bne CARG4, TISNUM, >5
+    |  sext.w CARG1, CARG1
+    |  sext.w CARG2, CARG2
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  slt TMP1, CARG1, CARG2
+    |  addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3		// TMP2=(jump-0x8000)<<2
+    if (op == BC_ISLT || op == BC_ISGT) {
+      |  neg TMP1, TMP1
+    } else {
+      |  addi TMP1, TMP1, -1
+    }
+    |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP1
+    |1:
+    |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |2:  // RA is not an integer.
+    |  sltiu TMP1, CARG3, LJ_TISNUM
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  bxeqz TMP1, ->vmeta_comp
+    |  sltiu TMP1, CARG4, LJ_TISNUM
+    |  decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |  beqz TMP1, >4
+    |  fmv.d.x FTMP0, CARG1
+    |  fmv.d.x FTMP2, CARG2
+    |3:  // RA and RD are both numbers.
+    |  addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3
+    if (op == BC_ISLT) {
+      |  flt.d TMP3, FTMP0, FTMP2
+      |  neg TMP3, TMP3
+    } else if (op == BC_ISGE) {
+      |  flt.d TMP3, FTMP0, FTMP2
+      |  addi TMP3, TMP3, -1
+    } else if (op == BC_ISLE) {
+      |  fle.d TMP3, FTMP2, FTMP0
+      |  neg TMP3, TMP3
+    } else if (op == BC_ISGT) {
+      |  fle.d TMP3, FTMP2, FTMP0
+      |  addi TMP3, TMP3, -1
+    }
+    |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP3
+    |  j <1
+    |
+    |4:  // RA is a number, RD is not a number.
+    |  // RA is a number, RD is an integer. Convert RD to a number.
+    |  bxne CARG4, TISNUM, ->vmeta_comp
+    if (op == BC_ISLT || op == BC_ISGE) {
+      |  fcvt.d.w FTMP2, CARG2
+      |  fmv.d.x FTMP0, CARG1
+    } else {
+      |  fcvt.d.w FTMP0, CARG1
+      |  fmv.d.x FTMP2, CARG2
+    }
+    |  j <3
+    |
+    |5:  // RA is an integer, RD is not an integer
+    |  sltiu TMP1, CARG4, LJ_TISNUM
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  bxeqz TMP1, ->vmeta_comp
+    |  // RA is an integer, RD is a number. Convert RA to a number.
+    if (op == BC_ISLT || op == BC_ISGE) {
+      |  fcvt.d.w FTMP0, CARG1
+      |  fmv.d.x FTMP2, CARG2
+    } else {
+      |  fcvt.d.w FTMP2, CARG2
+      |  fmv.d.x FTMP0, CARG1
+    }
+    |  j <3
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ISEQV: case BC_ISNEV:
+    vk = op == BC_ISEQV;
+    |  // RA = src1*8, RD = src2*8, JMP with RD = target
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   add RD, BASE, RD
+    |    addi PC, PC, 4
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(RA)
+    |   ld CARG2, 0(RD)
+    |    lhu TMP2, -4+OFS_RD(PC)
+    |  gettp CARG3, CARG1
+    |   gettp CARG4, CARG2
+    |  sltu TMP0, TISNUM, CARG3
+    |   sltu TMP1, TISNUM, CARG4
+    |  or TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    if (vk) {
+      |  beqz TMP0, ->BC_ISEQN_Z
+    } else {
+      |  beqz TMP0, ->BC_ISNEN_Z
+    }
+    |// Either or both types are not numbers.
+    |.if FFI
+    |  // Check if RA or RD is a cdata.
+    |  xori TMP0, CARG3, LJ_TCDATA
+    |  xori TMP1, CARG4, LJ_TCDATA
+    |  and TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+    |  bxeqz TMP0, ->vmeta_equal_cd
+    |.endif
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |  addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3		// (jump-0x8000)<<2
+    |  bne CARG1, CARG2, >2
+    |  // Tag and value are equal.
+    if (vk) {
+      |->BC_ISEQV_Z:
+      |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    }
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |2:  // Check if the tags are the same and it's a table or userdata.
+    |  xor TMP3, CARG3, CARG4			// Same type?
+    |  sltiu TMP0, CARG3, LJ_TISTABUD+1		// Table or userdata? TMP0=1
+    |  beqz TMP3, >3
+    |  mv TMP0, x0		// TMP0=0: not same type, or same type table/userdata
+    |3:
+    |  cleartp TAB:TMP1, CARG1
+    if (vk) {
+      |  beqz TMP0, <1
+    } else {
+      |  beqz TMP0, ->BC_ISEQV_Z  // Reuse code from opposite instruction.
+    }
+    |  // Different tables or userdatas. Need to check __eq metamethod.
+    |  // Field metatable must be at same offset for GCtab and GCudata!
+    |  ld TAB:TMP3, TAB:TMP1->metatable
+    if (vk) {
+      |  beqz TAB:TMP3, <1		// No metatable?
+      |  lbu TMP3, TAB:TMP3->nomm
+      |  andi TMP3, TMP3, 1<<MM_eq
+      |  li TMP0, 0		// ne = 0
+      |  bnez TMP3, <1			// Or 'no __eq' flag set?
+    } else {
+      |  beqz TAB:TMP3,->BC_ISEQV_Z	// No metatable?
+      |  lbu TMP3, TAB:TMP3->nomm
+      |  andi TMP3, TMP3, 1<<MM_eq
+      |  li TMP0, 1		// ne = 1
+      |  bnez TMP3, ->BC_ISEQV_Z	// Or 'no __eq' flag set?
+    }
+    |  j ->vmeta_equal			// Handle __eq metamethod.
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ISEQS: case BC_ISNES:
+    vk = op == BC_ISEQS;
+    |  // RA = src*8, RD = str_const*8 (~), JMP with RD = target
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   addi PC, PC, 4
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(RA)
+    |   sub RD, KBASE, RD
+    |    lhu TMP2, -4+OFS_RD(PC)
+    |   ld CARG2, -8(RD)		// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+    |.if FFI
+    |  gettp CARG3, CARG1
+    |  li TMP1, LJ_TCDATA
+    |.endif
+    |  li TMP0, LJ_TSTR
+    |   decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |   settp CARG2, TMP0
+    |   lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |.if FFI
+    |  bxeq CARG3, TMP1, ->vmeta_equal_cd
+    |.endif
+    |  xor TMP0, CARG1, CARG2		// TMP2=0: A==D; TMP2!=0: A!=D
+    |   addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3
+    if (vk) {
+      |  seqz TMP4, TMP0
+    } else {
+      |  snez TMP4, TMP0
+    }
+    |  neg TMP4, TMP4
+    |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP4
+    |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ISEQN: case BC_ISNEN:
+    vk = op == BC_ISEQN;
+    |  // RA = src*8, RD = num_const*8, JMP with RD = target
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   add RD, KBASE, RD
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(RA)
+    |   ld CARG2, 0(RD)
+    |    lhu TMP2, OFS_RD(PC)
+    |  gettp CARG3, CARG1
+    |   gettp CARG4, CARG2
+    |    addi PC, PC, 4
+    |    lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    if (vk) {
+      |->BC_ISEQN_Z:
+    } else {
+      |->BC_ISNEN_Z:
+    }
+    |  decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |  bne CARG3, TISNUM, >4
+    |  addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3
+    |  bne CARG4, TISNUM, >6
+    |  xor TMP0, CARG1, CARG2		// TMP0=0: A==D; TMP0!=0: A!=D
+    |1:
+    if (vk) {
+      |  seqz TMP4, TMP0
+      |  neg TMP4, TMP4
+      |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP4
+      |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+      |2:
+    } else {
+      |  snez TMP4, TMP0
+      |  neg TMP4, TMP4
+      |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP4
+      |2:
+      |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    }
+    |3:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |4:  // RA is not an integer.
+    |    addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3
+    |.if FFI
+    |  bgeu CARG3, TISNUM, >7
+    |.else
+    |  bgeu CARG3, TISNUM, <2
+    |.endif
+    |  fmv.d.x FTMP0, CARG1
+    |   fmv.d.x FTMP2, CARG2
+    |  bne CARG4, TISNUM, >5
+    |// RA is a number, RD is an integer.
+    |  fcvt.d.w FTMP2, CARG2
+    |
+    |5:  // RA and RD are both numbers.
+    |  feq.d TMP0, FTMP0, FTMP2
+    |  seqz TMP0, TMP0
+    |  j <1
+    |
+    |6: // RA is an integer, RD is a number.
+    |.if FFI
+    |  bgeu CARG4, TISNUM, >8
+    |.else
+    |  bgeu CARG4, TISNUM, <2
+    |.endif
+    |  fcvt.d.w FTMP0, CARG1
+    |   fmv.d.x FTMP2, CARG2
+    |  j <5
+    |
+    |.if FFI
+    |7:	// RA not int, not number
+    |  li TMP0, LJ_TCDATA
+    |  bne CARG3, TMP0, <2
+    |  j ->vmeta_equal_cd
+    |
+    |8:	// RD not int, not number
+    |  li TMP0, LJ_TCDATA
+    |  bne CARG4, TMP0, <2
+    |  j ->vmeta_equal_cd
+    |.endif
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ISEQP: case BC_ISNEP:
+    vk = op == BC_ISEQP;
+    |  // RA = src*8, RD = primitive_type*8 (~), JMP with RD = target
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   srliw TMP0, RD, 3
+    |  ld TMP1, 0(RA)
+    |   not TMP0, TMP0		// ~TMP0: ~0 ~1 ~2
+    |    lhu TMP2, OFS_RD(PC)		// TMP2: RD in next INS, branch target
+    |  gettp TMP1, TMP1
+    |    addi PC, PC, 4
+    |   xor TMP0, TMP1, TMP0		// TMP0=0 A=D; TMP0!=0 A!=D
+    |.if FFI
+    |  li TMP3, LJ_TCDATA
+    |  bxeq TMP1, TMP3, ->vmeta_equal_cd
+    |.endif
+    |  decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3		// TMP2=(jump-0x8000)<<2
+    if (vk) {
+      |  seqz TMP4, TMP0
+    } else {
+      |  snez TMP4, TMP0
+    }
+    |  neg TMP4, TMP4
+    |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP4
+    |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Unary test and copy ops ------------------------------------------- */
+
+  case BC_ISTC: case BC_ISFC: case BC_IST: case BC_ISF:
+    |  // RA = dst*8 or unused, RD = src*8, JMP with RD = target
+    |  add RD, BASE, RD
+    |   lhu TMP2, OFS_RD(PC)
+    |  ld CRET1, 0(RD)
+    |   addi PC, PC, 4
+    |  gettp TMP0, CRET1
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  sltiu TMP0, TMP0, LJ_TISTRUECOND		// TMP0=1 true; TMP0=0 false
+    |  decode_BC4b TMP2
+    |  lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  addw TMP2, TMP2, TMP3		// (jump-0x8000)<<2
+    if (op == BC_IST || op == BC_ISTC) {
+      |  beqz TMP0, >1
+      if (op == BC_ISTC) {
+        |  sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+      }
+    } else {
+      |  bnez TMP0, >1
+      if (op == BC_ISFC) {
+	|  sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+      }
+    }
+    |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ISTYPE:
+    |  // RA = src*8, RD = -type*8
+    |  add TMP0, BASE, RA
+    |  srliw TMP1, RD, 3
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(TMP0)
+    |  gettp TMP0, TMP0
+    |  add TMP0, TMP0, TMP1		// if itype of RA == type, then TMP0=0
+    |  bxnez TMP0, ->vmeta_istype
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+  case BC_ISNUM:
+    |  // RA = src*8, RD = -(TISNUM-1)*8
+    |  add TMP0, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(TMP0)
+    |  checknum TMP0, ->vmeta_istype
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Unary ops --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  case BC_MOV:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = src*8
+    |  add RD, BASE, RD
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RD)
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+  case BC_NOT:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = src*8
+    |  add RD, BASE, RD
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RD)
+    |   li TMP1, LJ_TTRUE
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  gettp TMP0, TMP0
+    |  sltu TMP0, TMP1, TMP0
+    |  addiw TMP0, TMP0, 1
+    |  slli TMP0, TMP0, 47
+    |  not TMP0, TMP0
+    |   sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+  case BC_UNM:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = src*8
+    |  add RB, BASE, RD
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RB)
+    |  lui TMP1, 0x80000
+    |  gettp CARG3, TMP0
+    |  bne CARG3, TISNUM, >1
+    |  sext.w TMP0, TMP0
+    |  bxeq TMP0, TMP1, ->vmeta_unm      // Meta handler deals with -2^31.
+    |  negw TMP0, TMP0
+    |  zext.w TMP0, TMP0
+    |  settp_b TMP0, TISNUM
+    |  j >2
+    |1:
+    |  sltiu TMP3, CARG3, LJ_TISNUM
+    |   slli TMP1, TMP1, 32
+    |  bxeqz TMP3, ->vmeta_unm
+    |   xor TMP0, TMP0, TMP1     // sign => ~sign
+    |2:
+    |   sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+  case BC_LEN:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = src*8
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RD
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(CARG2)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  gettp TMP1, TMP0
+    |  addi TMP2, TMP1, -LJ_TSTR
+    |   cleartp STR:CARG1, TMP0
+    |  bnez TMP2, >2
+    |   lwu CARG1, STR:CARG1->len
+    |1:
+    |  settp_b CARG1, TISNUM
+    |  sd CARG1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |2:
+    |  addi TMP2, TMP1, -LJ_TTAB
+    |  bxnez TMP2, ->vmeta_len
+#if LJ_52
+    |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:CARG1->metatable
+    |  bnez TAB:TMP2, >9
+    |3:
+#endif
+    |->BC_LEN_Z:
+    |  call_intern BC_LEN, lj_tab_len		// (GCtab *t)
+    |  // Returns uint32_t (but less than 2^31).
+    |  j <1
+#if LJ_52
+    |9:
+    |  lbu TMP0, TAB:TMP2->nomm
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP0, 1<<MM_len
+    |  bnez TMP0, <3			// 'no __len' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_len
+#endif
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Binary ops -------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    |.macro fpmod, a, b, c
+    |  fdiv.d FARG1, b, c
+    |  jal ->vm_floor		// floor(b/c)
+    |  fmul.d a, FRET1, c
+    |  fsub.d a, b, a		// b - floor(b/c)*c
+    |.endmacro
+    |
+    |.macro ins_arithpre
+    ||vk = ((int)op - BC_ADDVN) / (BC_ADDNV-BC_ADDVN);
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = src1*8, RC = src2*8 | num_const*8
+    ||if (vk == 1) {
+    |   // RA = dst*8, RB = num_const*8, RC = src1*8
+    |   decode_RB8 RC, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RB, RD
+    ||} else {
+    |   // RA = dst*8, RB = src1*8, RC = num_const*8
+    |   decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    ||}
+    ||switch (vk) {
+    ||case 0:			// suffix is VN
+    |   add RB, BASE, RB
+    |   add RC, KBASE, RC
+    ||  break;
+    ||case 1:			// suffix is NV
+    |   add RC, BASE, RC
+    |   add RB, KBASE, RB
+    ||  break;
+    ||default:			// CAT or suffix is VV
+    |   add RB, BASE, RB
+    |   add RC, BASE, RC
+    ||  break;
+    ||}
+    |.endmacro
+    |
+    |.macro ins_arithfp, fpins, itype1, itype2
+    |  fld FTMP0, 0(RB)
+    |  sltu itype1, itype1, TISNUM
+    |  sltu itype2, itype2, TISNUM
+    |  fld FTMP2, 0(RC)
+    |  and itype1, itype1, itype2
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  bxeqz itype1, ->vmeta_arith
+    |  fpins FRET1, FTMP0, FTMP2
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  fsd FRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    |.endmacro
+    |
+    |.macro ins_arithead, itype1, itype2, tval1, tval2 
+    |  ld tval1, 0(RB)
+    |  ld tval2, 0(RC)
+    |  // Check for two integers.
+    |  gettp itype1, tval1
+    |  gettp itype2, tval2
+    |.endmacro
+    |
+    |.macro ins_arithdn, intins, fpins
+    |  ins_arithpre
+    |  ins_arithead TMP0, TMP1, CARG1, CARG2
+    |  bne TMP0, TISNUM, >1
+    |  bne TMP1, TISNUM, >1
+    |  sext.w CARG3, CARG1
+    |  sext.w CARG4, CARG2
+    |.if "intins" == "addw"
+    |  intins CRET1, CARG3, CARG4
+    |  xor TMP1, CRET1, CARG3		// ((y^a) & (y^b)) < 0: overflow.
+    |  xor TMP2, CRET1, CARG4
+    |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP2
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  bxltz TMP1, ->vmeta_arith
+    |.elif "intins" == "subw"
+    |  intins CRET1, CARG3, CARG4
+    |  xor TMP1, CRET1, CARG3		// ((y^a) & (a^b)) < 0: overflow.
+    |  xor TMP2, CARG3, CARG4
+    |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP2
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  bxltz TMP1, ->vmeta_arith
+    |.elif "intins" == "mulw"
+    |  mul TMP2, CARG3, CARG4
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  sext.w CRET1, TMP2
+    |  bxne CRET1, TMP2, ->vmeta_arith		// 63-32bit not all 0 or 1: overflow.
+    |.endif
+    |  zext.w CRET1, CRET1
+    |  settp_b CRET1, TISNUM
+    |  sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |1:  // Check for two numbers.
+    |  ins_arithfp, fpins, TMP0, TMP1
+    |.endmacro
+    |
+    |.macro ins_arithdiv, fpins
+    |  ins_arithpre
+    |  ins_arithead TMP0, TMP1, CARG1, CARG2
+    |  ins_arithfp, fpins, TMP0, TMP1
+    |.endmacro
+    |
+    |.macro ins_arithmod, fpins, BC
+    |  ins_arithpre
+    |  ins_arithead TMP0, TMP1, CARG1, CARG2
+    |  bne TMP0, TISNUM, >1
+    |  bne TMP1, TISNUM, >1
+    |  sext.w CARG1, CARG1
+    |  sext.w CARG2, CARG2
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  bxeqz CARG2, ->vmeta_arith
+    |  call_intern BC, lj_vm_modi
+    |  zext.w CRET1, CRET1
+    |  settp_b CRET1, TISNUM
+    |  sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |1:  // Check for two numbers.
+    |  ins_arithfp, fpins, TMP0, TMP1
+    |.endmacro
+    
+  case BC_ADDVN: case BC_ADDNV: case BC_ADDVV:
+    |  ins_arithdn addw, fadd.d
+    break;
+  case BC_SUBVN: case BC_SUBNV: case BC_SUBVV:
+    |  ins_arithdn subw, fsub.d
+    break;
+  case BC_MULVN: case BC_MULNV: case BC_MULVV:
+    |  ins_arithdn mulw, fmul.d
+    break;
+  case BC_DIVVN: case BC_DIVNV: case BC_DIVVV:
+    |  ins_arithdiv fdiv.d
+    break;
+  case BC_MODVN:
+    |  ins_arithmod fpmod, BC_MODVN
+    break;
+  case BC_MODNV:
+    |  ins_arithmod fpmod, BC_MODNV
+    break;
+  case BC_MODVV:
+    |  ins_arithmod fpmod, BC_MODVV
+    break;
+  case BC_POW:
+    |  ins_arithpre
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(RB)
+    |   ld CARG2, 0(RC)
+    |  gettp TMP0, CARG1
+    |   gettp TMP1, CARG2
+    |  sltiu TMP0, TMP0, LJ_TISNUM
+    |   sltiu TMP1, TMP1, LJ_TISNUM
+    |  and TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  bxeqz TMP0, ->vmeta_arith
+    |  fld FARG1, 0(RB)
+    |  fld FARG2, 0(RC)
+    |  call_extern BC_POW, pow
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  fsd FRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+
+  case BC_CAT:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = src_start*8, RC = src_end*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  sub CARG3, RC, RB
+    |   sd BASE, L->base
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RC
+    |  mv MULTRES, RB
+    |->BC_CAT_Z:
+    |  srliw CARG3, CARG3, 3
+    |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |  call_intern BC_CAT, lj_meta_cat	// (lua_State *L, TValue *top, int left)
+    |  // Returns NULL (finished) or TValue * (metamethod).
+    |   ld BASE, L->base
+    |  bxnez CRET1, ->vmeta_binop
+    |  add RB, BASE, MULTRES
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RB)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Constant ops ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+  case BC_KSTR:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = str_const*8 (~)
+    |  sub TMP1, KBASE, RD
+    |   li TMP2, LJ_TSTR
+    |  ld TMP0, -8(TMP1)		// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   settp TMP0, TMP2
+    |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+  case BC_KCDATA:
+    |.if FFI
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = cdata_const*8 (~)
+    |  sub TMP1, KBASE, RD
+    |  ld TMP0, -8(TMP1)		// KBASE-8-cdata_const*8
+    |   li TMP2, LJ_TCDATA
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   settp TMP0, TMP2
+    |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |.endif
+    break;
+  case BC_KSHORT:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = int16_literal*8
+    |   sraiw RD, INS, 16
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   zext.w RD, RD
+    |  ins_next1
+    |   settp_b RD, TISNUM
+    |   sd RD, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+  case BC_KNUM:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = num_const*8
+    |  add RD, KBASE, RD
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RD)
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+  case BC_KPRI:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = primitive_type*8 (~)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  slli TMP0, RD, 44	// 44+3
+    |  not TMP0, TMP0
+    |  ins_next1
+    |   sd TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+  case BC_KNIL:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RD = end*8
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  sd TISNIL, 0(RA)
+    |   addi RA, RA, 8
+    |  add RD, BASE, RD
+    |1:
+    |  sd TISNIL, 0(RA)
+    |  slt TMP0, RA, RD
+    |   addi RA, RA, 8
+    |  bnez TMP0, <1
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Upvalue and function ops ------------------------------------------ */
+
+  case BC_UGET:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = uvnum*8
+    |  ld LFUNC:TMP0, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  add RD, RD, LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  ld UPVAL:TMP0, LFUNC:RD->uvptr
+    |  ld TMP1, UPVAL:TMP0->v
+    |  ld TMP2, 0(TMP1)
+    |  ins_next1
+    |   sd TMP2, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+  case BC_USETV:
+    |  // RA = uvnum*8, RD = src*8
+    |  ld LFUNC:TMP0, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   add RD, BASE, RD
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  add RA, RA, LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  ld UPVAL:TMP0, LFUNC:RA->uvptr
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RD)
+    |  lbu TMP3, UPVAL:TMP0->marked
+    |   ld CARG2, UPVAL:TMP0->v
+    |  andi TMP3, TMP3, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(uv)
+    |  lbu TMP0, UPVAL:TMP0->closed
+    |   gettp TMP2, CRET1
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(CARG2)
+    |  or TMP3, TMP3, TMP0
+    |  li TMP0, LJ_GC_BLACK|1
+    |   addi TMP2, TMP2, -(LJ_TNUMX+1)
+    |  beq TMP3, TMP0, >2			// Upvalue is closed and black?
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |2:  // Check if new value is collectable.
+    |  sltiu TMP0, TMP2, LJ_TISGCV - (LJ_TNUMX+1)
+    |   cleartp GCOBJ:CRET1, CRET1
+    |  beqz TMP0, <1			// tvisgcv(v)
+    |  lbu TMP3, GCOBJ:CRET1->gch.marked
+    |  andi TMP3, TMP3, LJ_GC_WHITES	// iswhite(v)
+    |  beqz TMP3, <1
+    |  // Crossed a write barrier. Move the barrier forward.
+    |  mv CARG1, GL
+    |  call_intern BC_USETV, lj_gc_barrieruv	// (global_State *g, TValue *tv)
+    |  j <1
+    break;
+  case BC_USETS:
+    |  // RA = uvnum*8, RD = str_const*8 (~)
+    |  ld LFUNC:TMP0, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   sub TMP1, KBASE, RD
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  add RA, RA, LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  ld UPVAL:TMP0, LFUNC:RA->uvptr
+    |   ld STR:TMP1, -8(TMP1)		// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+    |  lbu TMP2, UPVAL:TMP0->marked
+    |   ld CARG2, UPVAL:TMP0->v
+    |   lbu TMP3, STR:TMP1->marked
+    |  andi TMP4, TMP2, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(uv)
+    |   lbu TMP2, UPVAL:TMP0->closed
+    |   li TMP0, LJ_TSTR
+    |   settp TMP1, TMP0
+    |  sd TMP1, 0(CARG2)
+    |   bnez TMP4, >2
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |2:  // Check if string is white and ensure upvalue is closed.
+    |  beqz TMP2, <1
+    |   andi TMP0, TMP3, LJ_GC_WHITES     // iswhite(str)
+    |  beqz TMP0, <1
+    |  // Crossed a write barrier. Move the barrier forward.
+    |  mv CARG1, GL
+    |  call_intern BC_USETS, lj_gc_barrieruv	// (global_State *g, TValue *tv)
+    |  j <1
+    break;
+  case BC_USETN:
+    |  // RA = uvnum*8, RD = num_const*8
+    |  ld LFUNC:TMP0, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   add RD, KBASE, RD
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  add TMP0, RA, LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  ld UPVAL:TMP0, LFUNC:TMP0->uvptr
+    |   ld TMP1, 0(RD)
+    |  ld TMP0, UPVAL:TMP0->v
+    |   sd TMP1, 0(TMP0)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+  case BC_USETP:
+    |  // RA = uvnum*8, RD = primitive_type*8 (~)
+    |  ld LFUNC:TMP0, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   slli TMP2, RD, 44
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  add TMP0, RA, LFUNC:TMP0
+    |   not TMP2, TMP2
+    |  ld UPVAL:TMP0, LFUNC:TMP0->uvptr
+    |  ld TMP1, UPVAL:TMP0->v
+    |   sd TMP2, 0(TMP1)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  case BC_UCLO:
+    |  // RA = level*8, RD = target
+    |  ld TMP2, L->openupval
+    |  branch_RD			// Do this first since RD is not saved.
+    |   sd BASE, L->base
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |  beqz TMP2, >1
+    |   add CARG2, BASE, RA
+    |  call_intern BC_UCLO, lj_func_closeuv	// (lua_State *L, TValue *level)
+    |  ld BASE, L->base
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  case BC_FNEW:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = proto_const*8 (~) (holding function prototype)
+    |  sub TMP1, KBASE, RD
+    |  ld CARG3, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   ld CARG2, -8(TMP1)		// KBASE-8-tab_const*8
+    |    sd BASE, L->base
+    |    sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+    |  cleartp CARG3
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |  // (lua_State *L, GCproto *pt, GCfuncL *parent)
+    |  call_intern BC_FNEW, lj_func_newL_gc
+    |  // Returns GCfuncL *.
+    |   li TMP0, LJ_TFUNC
+    |  ld BASE, L->base
+    |   settp CRET1, TMP0
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Table ops --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  case BC_TNEW:
+  case BC_TDUP:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = (hbits|asize)*8 | tab_const*8 (~)
+    |  ld TMP0, GL->gc.total
+    |  ld TMP1, GL->gc.threshold
+    |   sd BASE, L->base
+    |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+    |  bgeu TMP0, TMP1, >5
+    |1:
+    if (op == BC_TNEW) {
+      |  srliw CARG2, RD, 3
+      |  andi CARG2, CARG2, 0x7ff
+      |  lzi TMP0, 0x801
+      |  addiw TMP2, CARG2, -0x7ff
+      |   srliw CARG3, RD, 14
+      |  seqz TMP3, TMP2
+      |  neg TMP4, TMP3
+      |  xor CARG1, TMP0, CARG2		// CARG2 = TMP3 ? TMP0 : CARG2
+      |  and CARG1, CARG1, TMP4
+      |  xor CARG2, CARG2, CARG1
+      |   mv CARG1, L
+      |  // (lua_State *L, int32_t asize, uint32_t hbits)
+      |  call_intern BC_TNEW, lj_tab_new
+      |  // Returns Table *.
+    } else {
+      |  sub TMP1, KBASE, RD
+      |  mv CARG1, L
+      |   ld CARG2, -8(TMP1)		// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+      |  call_intern BC_TDUP, lj_tab_dup		// (lua_State *L, Table *kt)
+      |  // Returns Table *.
+    }
+    |   li TMP0, LJ_TTAB
+    |  ld BASE, L->base
+    |  ins_next1
+    |   settp CRET1, TMP0
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    |5:
+    |  mv MULTRES, RD
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    if (op == BC_TNEW) {
+      |  call_intern BC_TNEW, lj_gc_step_fixtop	// (lua_State *L)
+    } else {
+      |  call_intern BC_TDUP, lj_gc_step_fixtop	// (lua_State *L)
+    }
+    |   mv RD, MULTRES
+    |  j <1
+    break;
+
+  case BC_GGET:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RD = str_const*8 (~)
+  case BC_GSET:
+    |  // RA = src*8, RD = str_const*8 (~)
+    |  ld LFUNC:TMP0, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |   sub TMP1, KBASE, RD
+    |   ld STR:RC, -8(TMP1)	// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP0
+    |  ld TAB:RB, LFUNC:TMP0->env
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    if (op == BC_GGET) {
+      |  j ->BC_TGETS_Z
+    } else {
+      |  j ->BC_TSETS_Z
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case BC_TGETV:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = table*8, RC = key*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RB
+    |   add CARG3, BASE, RC
+    |  ld TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+    |   ld TMP2, 0(CARG3)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  checktab TAB:RB, ->vmeta_tgetv
+    |   gettp TMP3, TMP2
+    |   lw TMP0, TAB:RB->asize
+    |  bne TMP3, TISNUM, >5		// Integer key?
+    |  sext.w TMP2, TMP2
+    |   ld TMP1, TAB:RB->array
+    |  bxgeu TMP2, TMP0, ->vmeta_tgetv	// Integer key and in array part?
+    |   slliw TMP2, TMP2, 3
+    |   add TMP2, TMP1, TMP2
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(TMP2)
+    |  beq CRET1, TISNIL, >2
+    |1:
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |2:  // Check for __index if table value is nil.
+    |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP2, <1		// No metatable: done.
+    |  lbu TMP0, TAB:TMP2->nomm
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP0, 1<<MM_index
+    |  bnez TMP0, <1			// 'no __index' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_tgetv
+    |
+    |5:
+    |  li TMP0, LJ_TSTR
+    |   cleartp RC, TMP2
+    |  bxne TMP3, TMP0, ->vmeta_tgetv	// String key?
+    |  j ->BC_TGETS_Z
+    break;
+  case BC_TGETS:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = table*8, RC = str_const*8 (~)
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RB
+    |   sub CARG3, KBASE, RC
+    |  ld TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   ld STR:RC, -8(CARG3)		// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+    |  checktab TAB:RB, ->vmeta_tgets1
+    |->BC_TGETS_Z:
+    |  // TAB:RB = GCtab *, STR:RC = GCstr *, RA = dst*8
+    |  lw TMP0, TAB:RB->hmask
+    |   lw TMP1, STR:RC->sid
+    |    ld NODE:TMP2, TAB:RB->node
+    |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP0		// idx = str->sid & tab->hmask
+    |  slliw TMP0, TMP1, 5
+    |  slliw TMP1, TMP1, 3
+    |  subw TMP1, TMP0, TMP1
+    |   li TMP3, LJ_TSTR
+    |  add NODE:TMP2, NODE:TMP2, TMP1	// node = tab->node + (idx*32-idx*8)
+    |   settp STR:RC, TMP3		// Tagged key to look for.
+    |1:
+    |  ld CARG1, NODE:TMP2->key
+    |   ld CARG2, NODE:TMP2->val
+    |    ld NODE:TMP1, NODE:TMP2->next
+    |   ld TAB:TMP3, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |  bne CARG1, RC, >4
+    |  beq CARG2, TISNIL, >5		// Key found, but nil value?
+    |3:
+    |   sd CARG2, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |4:  // Follow hash chain.
+    |   mv NODE:TMP2, NODE:TMP1
+    |  bnez NODE:TMP1, <1
+    |  // End of hash chain: key not found, nil result.
+    |
+    |5:  // Check for __index if table value is nil.
+    |   mv CARG2, TISNIL
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP3, <3		// No metatable: done.
+    |  lbu TMP0, TAB:TMP3->nomm
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP0, 1<<MM_index
+    |  bnez TMP0, <3			// 'no __index' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_tgets
+    break;
+  case BC_TGETB:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = table*8, RC = index*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RB
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  ld TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  srliw TMP0, RC, 3
+    |  checktab TAB:RB, ->vmeta_tgetb
+    |  lw TMP1, TAB:RB->asize
+    |   ld TMP2, TAB:RB->array
+    |  bxgeu TMP0, TMP1, ->vmeta_tgetb
+    |   add RC, TMP2, RC
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RC)
+    |  beq CRET1, TISNIL, >5
+    |1:
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |5:  // Check for __index if table value is nil.
+    |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP2, <1		// No metatable: done.
+    |  lbu TMP1, TAB:TMP2->nomm
+    |  andi TMP1, TMP1, 1<<MM_index
+    |  bnez TMP1, <1			// 'no __index' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_tgetb			// Caveat: preserve TMP0 and CARG2!
+    break;
+  case BC_TGETR:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = table*8, RC = key*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add RB, BASE, RB
+    |   add RC, BASE, RC
+    |  ld TAB:CARG1, 0(RB)
+    |   lw CARG2, 0(RC)
+    |    add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  cleartp TAB:CARG1
+    |  lw TMP0, TAB:CARG1->asize
+    |   ld TMP1, TAB:CARG1->array
+    |  bxgeu CARG2, TMP0, ->vmeta_tgetr		// In array part?
+    |   slliw TMP2, CARG2, 3
+    |   add TMP3, TMP1, TMP2
+    |   ld TMP1, 0(TMP3)
+    |->BC_TGETR_Z:
+    |  ins_next1
+    |   sd TMP1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next2
+    break;
+
+  case BC_TSETV:
+    |  // RA = src*8, RB = table*8, RC = key*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RB
+    |   add CARG3, BASE, RC
+    |  ld TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+    |   ld TMP2, 0(CARG3)
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  checktab TAB:RB, ->vmeta_tsetv
+    |   sext.w RC, TMP2
+    |  checkint TMP2, >5
+    |  lw TMP0, TAB:RB->asize
+    |   ld TMP1, TAB:RB->array
+    |  bxgeu RC, TMP0, ->vmeta_tsetv		// Integer key and in array part?
+    |   slliw TMP2, RC, 3
+    |  add TMP1, TMP1, TMP2
+    |   lbu TMP3, TAB:RB->marked
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(TMP1)
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  beq TMP0, TISNIL, >3
+    |1:
+    |   andi TMP2, TMP3, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(table)
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(TMP1)
+    |  bnez TMP2, >7
+    |2:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |3:  // Check for __newindex if previous value is nil.
+    |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP2, <1		// No metatable: done.
+    |  lbu TMP2, TAB:TMP2->nomm
+    |  andi TMP2, TMP2, 1<<MM_newindex
+    |  bnez TMP2, <1			// 'no __newindex' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_tsetv
+    |5:
+    |  gettp TMP0, TMP2
+    |  addi TMP0, TMP0, -LJ_TSTR
+    |  bxnez TMP0, ->vmeta_tsetv
+    |  cleartp STR:RC, TMP2
+    |  j ->BC_TSETS_Z			// String key?
+    |
+    |7:  // Possible table write barrier for the value. Skip valiswhite check.
+    |  barrierback TAB:RB, TMP3, TMP0, <2
+    break;
+  case BC_TSETS:
+    |  // RA = src*8, RB = table*8, RC = str_const*8 (~)
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RB
+    |   sub CARG3, KBASE, RC
+    |    ld TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+    |   ld RC, -8(CARG3)		// KBASE-8-str_const*8
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |   cleartp STR:RC
+    |  checktab TAB:RB, ->vmeta_tsets1
+    |->BC_TSETS_Z:
+    |  // TAB:RB = GCtab *, STR:RC = GCstr *, RA = BASE+src*8
+    |  lw TMP0, TAB:RB->hmask
+    |   lw TMP1, STR:RC->sid
+    |    ld NODE:TMP2, TAB:RB->node
+    |   sb x0, TAB:RB->nomm		// Clear metamethod cache.
+    |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP0		// idx = str->sid & tab->hmask
+    |  slliw TMP0, TMP1, 5
+    |  slliw TMP1, TMP1, 3
+    |  subw TMP1, TMP0, TMP1
+    |   li TMP3, LJ_TSTR
+    |  add NODE:TMP2, NODE:TMP2, TMP1	// node = tab->node + (idx*32-idx*8)
+    |   settp STR:RC, TMP3		// Tagged key to look for.
+    |1:
+    |  ld TMP0, NODE:TMP2->key
+    |   ld CARG2, NODE:TMP2->val
+    |    ld NODE:TMP1, NODE:TMP2->next
+    |     lbu TMP3, TAB:RB->marked
+    |  bne TMP0, RC, >5
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(RA)
+    |    ld TAB:TMP0, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |   beq CARG2, TISNIL, >4		// Key found, but nil value?
+    |2:
+    |  andi TMP4, TMP3, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(table)
+    |   sd CARG1, NODE:TMP2->val
+    |  bnez TMP4, >7
+    |3:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |4:  // Check for __newindex if previous value is nil.
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP0, <2		// No metatable: done.
+    |  lbu TMP0, TAB:TMP0->nomm
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP0, 1<<MM_newindex
+    |  bnez TMP0, <2			// 'no __newindex' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_tsets
+    |
+    |5:  // Follow hash chain.
+    |   mv NODE:TMP2, NODE:TMP1
+    |  bnez NODE:TMP1, <1
+    |  // End of hash chain: key not found, add a new one
+    |
+    |  // But check for __newindex first.
+    |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |   addi CARG3, GL, offsetof(global_State, tmptv)
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP2, >6		// No metatable: continue.
+    |  lbu TMP0, TAB:TMP2->nomm
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP0, 1<<MM_newindex
+    |  bxeqz TMP0, ->vmeta_tsets		// 'no __newindex' flag NOT set: check.
+    |6:
+    |  sd RC, 0(CARG3)
+    |   sd BASE, L->base
+    |  mv CARG2, TAB:RB
+    |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |  // (lua_State *L, GCtab *t, TValue *k)
+    |  call_intern BC_TSETS, lj_tab_newkey
+    |  // Returns TValue *.
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  ld BASE, L->base
+    |   sd TMP0, 0(CRET1)
+    |  j <3				// No 2nd write barrier needed.
+    |
+    |7:  // Possible table write barrier for the value. Skip valiswhite check.
+    |  barrierback TAB:RB, TMP3, TMP0, <3
+    break;
+  case BC_TSETB:
+    |  // RA = src*8, RB = table*8, RC = index*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add CARG2, BASE, RB
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TAB:RB, 0(CARG2)
+    |  srliw TMP0, RC, 3
+    |  checktab RB, ->vmeta_tsetb
+    |  lw TMP1, TAB:RB->asize
+    |   ld TMP2, TAB:RB->array
+    |  bxgeu TMP0, TMP1, ->vmeta_tsetb
+    |   add RC, TMP2, RC
+    |  ld TMP1, 0(RC)
+    |   lbu TMP3, TAB:RB->marked
+    |  beq TMP1, TISNIL, >5
+    |1:
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |  andi TMP1, TMP3, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(table)
+    |    sd CRET1, 0(RC)
+    |  bnez TMP1, >7
+    |2:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |5:  // Check for __newindex if previous value is nil.
+    |  ld TAB:TMP2, TAB:RB->metatable
+    |  beqz TAB:TMP2, <1		// No metatable: done.
+    |  lbu TMP1, TAB:TMP2->nomm
+    |  andi TMP1, TMP1, 1<<MM_newindex
+    |  bnez TMP1, <1			// 'no __newindex' flag set: done.
+    |  j ->vmeta_tsetb	// Caveat: preserve TMP0 and CARG2!
+    |
+    |7:  // Possible table write barrier for the value. Skip valiswhite check.
+    |  barrierback TAB:RB, TMP3, TMP0, <2
+    break;
+  case BC_TSETR:
+    |  // RA = dst*8, RB = table*8, RC = key*8
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |  add CARG1, BASE, RB
+    |   add CARG3, BASE, RC
+    |  ld TAB:CARG2, 0(CARG1)
+    |   lw CARG3, 0(CARG3)
+    |  cleartp TAB:CARG2
+    |  lbu TMP3, TAB:CARG2->marked
+    |   lw TMP0, TAB:CARG2->asize
+    |    ld TMP1, TAB:CARG2->array
+    |  andi TMP2, TMP3, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(table)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  bnez TMP2, >7
+    |2:
+    |  bxgeu CARG3, TMP0, ->vmeta_tsetr		// In array part?
+    |   slliw TMP2, CARG3, 3
+    |   add CRET1, TMP1, TMP2
+    |->BC_TSETR_Z:
+    |  ld TMP1, 0(RA)
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  sd TMP1, 0(CRET1)
+    |  ins_next2
+    |
+    |7:  // Possible table write barrier for the value. Skip valiswhite check.
+    |  barrierback TAB:CARG2, TMP3, CRET1, <2
+    break;
+
+  case BC_TSETM:
+    |  // RA = base*8 (table at base-1), RD = num_const*8 (start index)
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |1:
+    |   add TMP3, KBASE, RD
+    |  ld TAB:CARG2, -8(RA)		// Guaranteed to be a table.
+    |    addiw TMP0, MULTRES, -8
+    |   lw TMP3, 0(TMP3)		// Integer constant is in lo-word.
+    |   srliw CARG3, TMP0, 3
+    |    beqz TMP0, >4			// Nothing to copy?
+    |  cleartp TAB:CARG2
+    |  addw CARG3, CARG3, TMP3
+    |  lw TMP2, TAB:CARG2->asize
+    |   slliw TMP1, TMP3, 3
+    |    lbu TMP3, TAB:CARG2->marked
+    |   ld CARG1, TAB:CARG2->array
+    |  bltu TMP2, CARG3, >5
+    |   add TMP2, RA, TMP0
+    |   add TMP1, TMP1, CARG1
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP3, LJ_GC_BLACK	// isblack(table)
+    |3:  // Copy result slots to table.
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |    addi RA, RA, 8
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(TMP1)
+    |    addi TMP1, TMP1, 8
+    |  bltu RA, TMP2, <3
+    |  bnez TMP0, >7
+    |4:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |5:  // Need to resize array part.
+    |   sd BASE, L->base
+    |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+    |  mv BASE, RD
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |  // (lua_State *L, GCtab *t, int nasize)
+    |  call_intern BC_TSETM, lj_tab_reasize
+    |  // Must not reallocate the stack.
+    |  mv RD, BASE
+    |   ld BASE, L->base        // Reload BASE for lack of a saved register.
+    |  j <1
+    |
+    |7:  // Possible table write barrier for any value. Skip valiswhite check.
+    |  barrierback TAB:CARG2, TMP3, TMP0, <4
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Calls and vararg handling ----------------------------------------- */
+
+  case BC_CALLM:
+    |  // RA = base*8, (RB = (nresults+1)*8,) RC = extra_nargs*8
+    |  decode_RDtoRC8 NARGS8:RC, RD
+    |   addw NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:RC, MULTRES
+    |  j ->BC_CALL_Z
+    break;
+  case BC_CALL:
+    |  // RA = base*8, (RB = (nresults+1)*8,) RC = (nargs+1)*8
+    |  decode_RDtoRC8 NARGS8:RC, RD
+    |->BC_CALL_Z:
+    |  mv TMP2, BASE
+    |  add BASE, BASE, RA
+    |   ld LFUNC:RB, 0(BASE)
+    |   addi BASE, BASE, 16
+    |  addiw NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:RC, -8
+    |  checkfunc RB, ->vmeta_call
+    |  ins_call
+    break;
+
+  case BC_CALLMT:
+    |  // RA = base*8, (RB = 0,) RC = extra_nargs*8
+    |  addw NARGS8:RD, NARGS8:RD, MULTRES
+    |  // Fall through. Assumes BC_CALLT follows.
+    break;
+  case BC_CALLT:
+    |  // RA = base*8, (RB = 0,) RC = (nargs+1)*8
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld LFUNC:RB, 0(RA)
+    |   mv NARGS8:RC, RD
+    |    ld TMP1, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+    |   addi RA, RA, 16
+    |  addiw NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:RC, -8
+    |  checktp CARG3, LFUNC:RB, -LJ_TFUNC, ->vmeta_callt
+    |->BC_CALLT_Z:
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP1, FRAME_TYPE	// Caveat: preserve TMP0 until the 'or'.
+    |   lbu TMP3, LFUNC:CARG3->ffid
+    |   xori TMP2, TMP1, FRAME_VARG
+    |  bnez TMP0, >7
+    |1:
+    |  sd LFUNC:RB, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)		// Copy function down, but keep PC.
+    |  sltiu CARG4, TMP3, 2		// (> FF_C) Calling a fast function?
+    |  mv TMP2, BASE
+    |  mv RB, CARG3
+    |   mv TMP3, NARGS8:RC
+    |  beqz NARGS8:RC, >3
+    |2:
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |    addi RA, RA, 8
+    |  addiw TMP3, TMP3, -8
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(TMP2)
+    |    addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+    |  bnez TMP3, <2
+    |3:
+    |  or TMP0, TMP0, CARG4
+    |  beqz TMP0, >5
+    |4:
+    |  ins_callt
+    |
+    |5:  // Tailcall to a fast function with a Lua frame below.
+    |  lw INS, -4(TMP1)
+    |  decode_RA8 RA, INS
+    |  sub TMP1, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP1, -32(TMP1)
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP1
+    |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:TMP1->pc
+    |   ld KBASE, PC2PROTO(k)(TMP1)     // Need to prepare KBASE.
+    |  j <4
+    |
+    |7:  // Tailcall from a vararg function.
+    |  andi CARG4, TMP2, FRAME_TYPEP
+    |   sub TMP2, BASE, TMP2          // Relocate BASE down.
+    |  bnez CARG4, <1			// Vararg frame below?
+    |  mv BASE, TMP2
+    |  ld TMP1, FRAME_PC(TMP2)
+    |   andi TMP0, TMP1, FRAME_TYPE
+    |  j <1
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ITERC:
+    |  // RA = base*8, (RB = (nresults+1)*8, RC = (nargs+1)*8 ((2+1)*8))
+    |  mv TMP2, BASE			// Save old BASE for vmeta_call.
+    |  add BASE, BASE, RA
+    |  ld RB, -24(BASE)		//A, A+1, A+2 = A-3, A-2, A-1.
+    |   ld CARG1, -16(BASE)
+    |    ld CARG2, -8(BASE)
+    |  li NARGS8:RC, 16		// Iterators get 2 arguments.
+    |  sd RB, 0(BASE)			// Copy callable.
+    |   sd CARG1, 16(BASE)		// Copy state.
+    |    sd CARG2, 24(BASE)		// Copy control var.
+    |   addi BASE, BASE, 16
+    |  checkfunc RB, ->vmeta_call
+    |  ins_call
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ITERN:
+    |  // RA = base*8, (RB = (nresults+1)*8, RC = (nargs+1)*8 (2+1)*8)
+    |.if JIT
+    |  hotloop
+    |.endif
+    |->vm_IITERN:
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TAB:RB, -16(RA)
+    |   lw RC, -8(RA)		// Get index from control var.
+    |  cleartp TAB:RB
+    |   addi PC, PC, 4
+    |  lw TMP0, TAB:RB->asize
+    |   ld TMP1, TAB:RB->array
+    |  slli CARG3, TISNUM, 47
+    |1:  // Traverse array part.
+    |  bleu TMP0, RC, >5			// Index points after array part?
+    |   slliw TMP3, RC, 3
+    |  add TMP3, TMP1, TMP3
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(TMP3)
+    |     lhu RD, -4+OFS_RD(PC)		// ITERL RD
+    |   or TMP2, RC, CARG3
+    |   addiw RC, RC, 1
+    |  beq CARG1, TISNIL, <1		// Skip holes in array part.
+    |   sd TMP2, 0(RA)
+    |  sd CARG1, 8(RA)
+    |     lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |     decode_BC4b RD
+    |     add RD, RD, TMP3
+    |   sw RC, -8(RA)		// Update control var.
+    |     add PC, PC, RD
+    |3:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |5:  // Traverse hash part.
+    |  lw TMP1, TAB:RB->hmask
+    |  subw RC, RC, TMP0
+    |   ld TMP2, TAB:RB->node
+    |6:
+    |  bltu TMP1, RC, <3		// End of iteration? Branch to ITERL+1.
+    |   slliw TMP3, RC, 5
+    |   slliw RB, RC, 3
+    |   subw TMP3, TMP3, RB
+    |  add NODE:TMP3, TMP3, TMP2	// node = tab->node + (idx*32-idx*8)
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(NODE:TMP3)
+    |     lhu RD, -4+OFS_RD(PC)		// ITERL RD
+    |   addiw RC, RC, 1
+    |  beq CARG1, TISNIL, <6		// Skip holes in hash part.
+    |  ld CARG2, NODE:TMP3->key
+    |     lui TMP3, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  sd CARG1, 8(RA)
+    |    addw RC, RC, TMP0
+    |     decode_BC4b RD
+    |     addw RD, RD, TMP3
+    |  sd CARG2, 0(RA)
+    |     add PC, PC, RD
+    |   sw RC, -8(RA)                // Update control var.
+    |  j <3
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ISNEXT:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RD = target (points to ITERN)
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |    srliw TMP0, RD, 1
+    |  ld CFUNC:CARG1, -24(RA)
+    |    add TMP0, PC, TMP0
+    |   ld CARG2, -16(RA)
+    |   ld CARG3, -8(RA)
+    |    lui TMP2, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff		// -BCBIAS_J*4
+    |  checkfunc CFUNC:CARG1, >5
+    |  gettp CARG2, CARG2
+    |  addi CARG2, CARG2, -LJ_TTAB
+    |  lbu TMP1, CFUNC:CARG1->ffid
+    |  addi CARG3, CARG3, -LJ_TNIL
+    |  or TMP3, CARG2, CARG3
+    |  addi TMP1, TMP1, -FF_next_N
+    |  or TMP3, TMP3, TMP1
+    |   lui TMP1, ((LJ_KEYINDEX - (((LJ_KEYINDEX & 0xfff)^0x800) - 0x800)) >> 12) & 0xfffff
+    |  bnez TMP3, >5
+    |  add PC, TMP0, TMP2
+    |  addi TMP1, TMP1, (((LJ_KEYINDEX & 0xfff)^0x800) - 0x800)
+    |  slli TMP1, TMP1, 32
+    |  sd TMP1, -8(RA)
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    |5:  // Despecialize bytecode if any of the checks fail.
+    |  li TMP3, BC_JMP
+    |   li TMP1, BC_ITERC
+    |  sb TMP3, -4+OFS_OP(PC)
+    |   add PC, TMP0, TMP2
+    |.if JIT
+    |  lb TMP0, OFS_OP(PC)
+    |  li TMP3, BC_ITERN
+    |  lhu TMP2, OFS_RD(PC)
+    |  bne TMP0, TMP3, >6
+    |.endif
+    |  sb TMP1, OFS_OP(PC)
+    |  j <1
+    |.if JIT
+    |6:  // Unpatch JLOOP.
+    |  ld TMP0, GL_J(trace)(GL)	// Assumes J.trace in-reach relative to GL.
+    |  slliw TMP2, TMP2, 3
+    |  add TMP0, TMP0, TMP2
+    |  ld TRACE:TMP2, 0(TMP0)
+    |  lw TMP0, TRACE:TMP2->startins
+    |  andi TMP0, TMP0, -256
+    |  or TMP0, TMP0, TMP1
+    |  sw TMP0, 0(PC)
+    |  j <1
+    |.endif
+    break;
+
+  case BC_VARG:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RB = (nresults+1)*8, RC = numparams*8
+    |  ld TMP0, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+    |  decode_RDtoRC8 RC, RD
+    |   decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |  add RC, BASE, RC
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  addi RC, RC, FRAME_VARG
+    |   add TMP2, RA, RB
+    |  addi TMP3, BASE, -16		// TMP3 = vtop
+    |  sub RC, RC, TMP0		// RC = vbase
+    |  // Note: RC may now be even _above_ BASE if nargs was < numparams.
+    |   sub TMP1, TMP3, RC
+    |  beqz RB, >5			// Copy all varargs?
+    |  addi TMP2, TMP2, -16
+    |1:  // Copy vararg slots to destination slots.
+    |  ld CARG1, 0(RC)
+    |  sltu TMP0, RC, TMP3
+    |    addi RC, RC, 8
+    |  bnez TMP0, >2
+    |  mv CARG1, TISNIL
+    |2:
+    |  sd CARG1, 0(RA)
+    |  sltu TMP0, RA, TMP2
+    |  addi RA, RA, 8
+    |  bnez TMP0, <1
+    |3:
+    |  ins_next
+    |
+    |5:  // Copy all varargs.
+    |  ld TMP0, L->maxstack
+    |   li MULTRES, 8		// MULTRES = (0+1)*8
+    |  blez TMP1, <3			// No vararg slots?
+    |  add TMP2, RA, TMP1
+    |   addi MULTRES, TMP1, 8
+    |  bltu TMP0, TMP2, >7
+    |6:
+    |  ld CRET1, 0(RC)
+    |   addi RC, RC, 8
+    |  sd CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |   addi RA, RA, 8
+    |  bltu RC, TMP3, <6			// More vararg slots?
+    |  j <3
+    |
+    |7:  // Grow stack for varargs.
+    |   sd RA, L->top
+    |  sub RA, RA, BASE
+    |   sd BASE, L->base
+    |  sub BASE, RC, BASE		// Need delta, because BASE may change.
+    |   sd PC, SAVE_PC(sp)
+    |  srliw CARG2, TMP1, 3
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |  call_intern BC_VARG, lj_state_growstack	// (lua_State *L, int n)
+    |  mv RC, BASE
+    |  ld BASE, L->base
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  add RC, BASE, RC
+    |  addi TMP3, BASE, -16
+    |  j <6
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Returns ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  case BC_RETM:
+    |  // RA = results*8, RD = extra_nresults*8
+    |  addw RD, RD, MULTRES
+    |  // Fall through. Assumes BC_RET follows.
+    break;
+
+  case BC_RET:
+    |  // RA = results*8, RD = (nresults+1)*8
+    |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |    mv MULTRES, RD
+    |1:
+    |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+    |   xori TMP1, PC, FRAME_VARG
+    |  bnez TMP0, ->BC_RETV_Z
+    |
+    |->BC_RET_Z:
+    |  // BASE = base, RA = resultptr, RD = (nresults+1)*8, PC = return
+    |   lw INS, -4(PC)
+    |    addi TMP2, BASE, -16
+    |    addi RC, RD, -8
+    |  decode_RA8 TMP0, INS
+    |   decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   sub BASE, TMP2, TMP0
+    |   add TMP3, TMP2, RB
+    |  beqz RC, >3
+    |2:
+    |   ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+    |    addi RA, RA, 8
+    |  addi RC, RC, -8
+    |   sd CRET1, 0(TMP2)
+    |    addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+    |  bnez RC, <2
+    |3:
+    |  addi TMP3, TMP3, -8
+    |5:
+    |  bltu TMP2, TMP3, >6
+    |   ld LFUNC:TMP1, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP1
+    |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:TMP1->pc
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  ld KBASE, PC2PROTO(k)(TMP1)
+    |  ins_next2
+    |
+    |6:  // Fill up results with nil.
+    |  sd TISNIL, 0(TMP2)
+    |   addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+    |  j <5
+    |
+    |->BC_RETV_Z:  // Non-standard return case.
+    |  andi TMP2, TMP1, FRAME_TYPEP
+    |  bnez TMP2, ->vm_return
+    |  // Return from vararg function: relocate BASE down.
+    |  sub BASE, BASE, TMP1
+    |   ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+    |  j <1
+    break;
+
+  case BC_RET0: case BC_RET1:
+    |  // RA = results*8, RD = (nresults+1)*8
+    |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)
+    |   add RA, BASE, RA
+    |    mv MULTRES, RD
+    |  andi TMP0, PC, FRAME_TYPE
+    |   xori TMP1, PC, FRAME_VARG
+    |  bnez TMP0, ->BC_RETV_Z
+    |  lw INS, -4(PC)
+    |   addi TMP2, BASE, -16
+    if (op == BC_RET1) {
+      |  ld CRET1, 0(RA)
+    }
+    |  decode_RB8 RB, INS
+    |   decode_RA8 RA, INS
+    |   sub BASE, TMP2, RA
+    if (op == BC_RET1) {
+      |  sd CRET1, 0(TMP2)
+    }
+    |5:
+    |  bltu RD, RB, >6
+    |   ld TMP1, FRAME_FUNC(BASE)
+    |  cleartp LFUNC:TMP1
+    |  ld TMP1, LFUNC:TMP1->pc
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  ld KBASE, PC2PROTO(k)(TMP1)
+    |  ins_next2
+    |
+    |6:  // Fill up results with nil.
+    |  addi TMP2, TMP2, 8
+    |  addi RD, RD, 8
+    if (op == BC_RET1) {
+      |  sd TISNIL, 0(TMP2)
+    } else {
+      |  sd TISNIL, -8(TMP2)
+    }
+    |  j <5
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Loops and branches ------------------------------------------------ */
+
+  case BC_FORL:
+    |.if JIT
+    |  hotloop
+    |.endif
+    |  // Fall through. Assumes BC_IFORL follows.
+    break;
+
+  case BC_JFORI:
+  case BC_JFORL:
+#if !LJ_HASJIT
+    break;
+#endif
+  case BC_FORI:
+  case BC_IFORL:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RD = target (after end of loop or start of loop)
+    vk = (op == BC_IFORL || op == BC_JFORL);
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld CARG1, FORL_IDX*8(RA)		// CARG1 = IDX
+    |   ld CARG2, FORL_STEP*8(RA)		// CARG2 = STEP
+    |    ld CARG3, FORL_STOP*8(RA)		// CARG3 = STOP
+    |  gettp CARG4, CARG1
+    |   gettp CARG5, CARG2
+    |    gettp CARG6, CARG3
+    if (op != BC_JFORL) {
+      |  srliw RD, RD, 1
+      |  lui TMP2, (-(BCBIAS_J*4 >> 12)) & 0xfffff	// -BCBIAS_J<<2
+      |  add TMP2, RD, TMP2
+    }
+    |  bne CARG4, TISNUM, >3
+    |   sext.w CARG4, CARG1		// start
+    |   sext.w CARG3, CARG3		// stop
+    if (!vk) {				// init
+      |  bxne CARG6, TISNUM, ->vmeta_for
+      |  bxne CARG5, TISNUM, ->vmeta_for
+      |   bfextri TMP0, CARG2, 31, 31	// sign
+      |  slt CARG2, CARG3, CARG4
+      |  slt TMP1, CARG4, CARG3
+      |  neg TMP4, TMP0
+      |  xor TMP0, TMP1, CARG2		// CARG2 = TMP0 ? TMP1 : CARG2
+      |  and TMP0, TMP0, TMP4
+      |  xor CARG2, CARG2, TMP0		// CARG2=0: +,start <= stop or -,start >= stop
+    } else {
+      |  sext.w CARG5, CARG2		// step
+      |  addw CARG1, CARG4, CARG5	// start + step
+      |  xor TMP3, CARG1, CARG4		// y^a
+      |  xor TMP1, CARG1, CARG5		// y^b
+      |  and TMP3, TMP3, TMP1
+      |  slt TMP1, CARG1, CARG3		// start+step < stop ?
+      |  slt CARG3, CARG3, CARG1	// stop < start+step ?
+      |  sltz TMP0, CARG5		// step < 0 ?
+      |   sltz TMP3, TMP3		// ((y^a) & (y^b)) < 0: overflow.
+      |  neg TMP4, TMP0
+      |  xor TMP1, TMP1, CARG3		// CARG3 = TMP0 ? TMP1 : CARG3
+      |  and TMP1, TMP1, TMP4
+      |  xor CARG3, CARG3, TMP1
+      |  or CARG2, CARG3, TMP3		// CARG2=1: overflow; CARG2=0: continue
+      |  zext.w CARG1, CARG1
+      |  settp_b CARG1, TISNUM
+      |  sd CARG1, FORL_IDX*8(RA)
+    }
+    |1:
+    if (op == BC_FORI) {
+      |  neg TMP4, CARG2	// CARG2!=0: jump out the loop; CARG2==0: next INS
+      |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP4
+      |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    } else if (op == BC_JFORI) {
+      |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+      |  lhu RD, -4+OFS_RD(PC)
+    } else if (op == BC_IFORL) {
+      |  addi TMP4, CARG2, -1	// CARG2!=0: next INS; CARG2==0: jump back
+      |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP4
+      |  add PC, PC, TMP2
+    }
+    |  ins_next1
+    |  sd CARG1, FORL_EXT*8(RA)
+    |2:
+    if (op == BC_JFORI) {
+      |  decode_RD8b RD
+      |  beqz CARG2, =>BC_JLOOP		// CARG2 == 0: excute the loop
+    } else if (op == BC_JFORL) {
+      |  beqz CARG2, =>BC_JLOOP
+    }
+    |  ins_next2
+    |
+    |3:  // FP loop.
+    |  fld FTMP0, FORL_IDX*8(RA)	// start
+    |  fld FTMP1, FORL_STOP*8(RA)	// stop
+    |  ld TMP0, FORL_STEP*8(RA)	// step
+    |  sltz CARG2, TMP0		// step < 0 ?
+    |  neg CARG2, CARG2
+    if (!vk) {
+      |  sltiu TMP3, CARG4, LJ_TISNUM	// start is number ?
+      |  sltiu TMP0, CARG5, LJ_TISNUM	// step is number ?
+      |  sltiu TMP1, CARG6, LJ_TISNUM	// stop is number ?
+      |  and TMP3, TMP3, TMP1
+      |  and TMP0, TMP0, TMP3
+      |  bxeqz TMP0, ->vmeta_for		// if start or step or stop isn't number
+      |  flt.d TMP3, FTMP0, FTMP1		// start < stop ?
+      |  flt.d TMP4, FTMP1, FTMP0		// stop < start ?
+      |  xor TMP0, TMP3, TMP4		// CARG2 = CARG2 ? TMP3 : TMP4
+      |  and TMP0, TMP0, CARG2
+      |  xor CARG2, TMP4, TMP0	// CARG2=0:+,start<stop or -,start>stop
+      |  j <1
+    } else {
+      |  fld FTMP3, FORL_STEP*8(RA)
+      |  fadd.d FTMP0, FTMP0, FTMP3		// start + step
+      |  flt.d TMP3, FTMP0, FTMP1		// start + step < stop ?
+      |  flt.d TMP4, FTMP1, FTMP0
+      |  xor TMP0, TMP3, TMP4		// CARG2 = CARG2 ? TMP3 : TMP4
+      |  and TMP0, TMP0, CARG2
+      |  xor CARG2, TMP4, TMP0
+      if (op == BC_IFORL) {
+  |  addi TMP3, CARG2, -1
+  |  and TMP2, TMP2, TMP3
+	|  add PC, PC, TMP2
+      }
+      |  fsd FTMP0, FORL_IDX*8(RA)
+      |  ins_next1
+      |  fsd FTMP0, FORL_EXT*8(RA)
+      |  j <2
+    }
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ITERL:
+    |.if JIT
+    |  hotloop
+    |.endif
+    |  // Fall through. Assumes BC_IITERL follows.
+    break;
+
+  case BC_JITERL:
+#if !LJ_HASJIT
+    break;
+#endif
+  case BC_IITERL:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RD = target
+    |  add RA, BASE, RA
+    |  ld TMP1, 0(RA)
+    |  beq TMP1, TISNIL, >1		// Stop if iterator returned nil.
+    if (op == BC_JITERL) {
+      |   sd TMP1,-8(RA)
+      |  j =>BC_JLOOP
+    } else {
+      |  branch_RD			// Otherwise save control var + branch.
+      |  sd TMP1, -8(RA)
+    }
+    |1:
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  case BC_LOOP:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RD = target (loop extent)
+    |  // Note: RA/RD is only used by trace recorder to determine scope/extent
+    |  // This opcode does NOT jump, it's only purpose is to detect a hot loop.
+    |.if JIT
+    |  hotloop
+    |.endif
+    |  // Fall through. Assumes BC_ILOOP follows.
+    break;
+
+  case BC_ILOOP:
+    |  // RA = base*8, RD = target (loop extent)
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  case BC_JLOOP:
+    |.if JIT
+    |  // RA = base*8 (ignored), RD = traceno*8
+    |  ld TMP0, GL_J(trace)(GL)	// Assumes J.trace in-reach relative to GL.
+    |  add TMP0, TMP0, RD
+    |  // Traces on RISC-V don't store the trace number, so use 0.
+    |  sd x0, GL->vmstate
+    |  ld TRACE:TMP1, 0(TMP0)
+    |  sd BASE, GL->jit_base	// store Current JIT code L->base
+    |  ld TMP1, TRACE:TMP1->mcode
+    |  sd L, GL->tmpbuf.L
+    |  jr TMP1
+    |.endif
+    break;
+
+  case BC_JMP:
+    |  // RA = base*8 (only used by trace recorder), RD = target
+    |  branch_RD		// PC + (jump - 0x8000)<<2
+    |  ins_next
+    break;
+
+  /* -- Function headers -------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  case BC_FUNCF:
+    |.if JIT
+    |  hotcall
+    |.endif
+  case BC_FUNCV:  /* NYI: compiled vararg functions. */
+    |  // Fall through. Assumes BC_IFUNCF/BC_IFUNCV follow.
+    break;
+
+  case BC_JFUNCF:
+#if !LJ_HASJIT
+    break;
+#endif
+  case BC_IFUNCF:
+    |  // BASE = new base, RA = BASE+framesize*8, RB = LFUNC, RC = nargs*8
+    |  ld TMP2, L->maxstack
+    |   lbu TMP1, -4+PC2PROTO(numparams)(PC)
+    |    ld KBASE, -4+PC2PROTO(k)(PC)
+    |  bltu TMP2, RA, ->vm_growstack_l
+    |   slliw TMP1, TMP1, 3			// numparams*8
+    |2:
+    |  bltu NARGS8:RC, TMP1, >3		// Check for missing parameters.
+    if (op == BC_JFUNCF) {
+      |  decode_RD8 RD, INS
+      |  j =>BC_JLOOP
+    } else {
+      |  ins_next
+    }
+    |
+    |3:  // Clear missing parameters.
+    |  add TMP0, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+    |  sd TISNIL, 0(TMP0)
+    |   addiw NARGS8:RC, NARGS8:RC, 8
+    |  j <2
+    break;
+
+  case BC_JFUNCV:
+#if !LJ_HASJIT
+    break;
+#endif
+    |  NYI  // NYI: compiled vararg functions
+    break;  /* NYI: compiled vararg functions. */
+
+  case BC_IFUNCV:
+    |  // BASE = new base, RA = BASE+framesize*8, RB = LFUNC, RC = nargs*8
+    |   li TMP0, LJ_TFUNC
+    |   add TMP1, BASE, RC
+    |  ld TMP2, L->maxstack
+    |   settp LFUNC:RB, TMP0
+    |  add TMP0, RA, RC
+    |   sd LFUNC:RB, 0(TMP1)		// Store (tagged) copy of LFUNC.
+    |  addi TMP2, TMP2, -8
+    |   addi TMP3, RC, 16+FRAME_VARG
+    |    ld KBASE, -4+PC2PROTO(k)(PC)
+    |   sd TMP3, 8(TMP1)                // Store delta + FRAME_VARG.
+    |  bgeu TMP0, TMP2, ->vm_growstack_l
+    |  lbu TMP2, -4+PC2PROTO(numparams)(PC)
+    |   mv RA, BASE
+    |   mv RC, TMP1
+    |  ins_next1
+    |   addi BASE, TMP1, 16
+    |  beqz TMP2, >2
+    |1:
+    |  ld TMP0, 0(RA)
+    |  sltu CARG2, RA, RC			// Less args than parameters?
+    |    addi RA, RA, 8
+    |    addi TMP1, TMP1, 8
+    |    addiw TMP2, TMP2, -1
+    |  beqz CARG2, >3
+    |  neg TMP4, CARG2		// Clear old fixarg slot (help the GC).
+    |  xor TMP3, TISNIL, TMP0		// CARG1 = CARG2 ? TISNIL : TMP0
+    |  and TMP3, TMP3, TMP4
+    |  xor CARG1, TMP0, TMP3
+    |  sd CARG1, -8(RA)
+    |  sd TMP0, 8(TMP1)
+    |  bnez TMP2, <1
+    |2:
+    |  ins_next2
+    |3:
+    |  neg TMP4, CARG2		// Clear missing fixargs.
+    |  xor TMP3, TMP0, TISNIL		// TMP0 = CARG2 ? TMP0 : TISNIL
+    |  and TMP3, TMP3, TMP4
+    |  xor TMP0, TISNIL, TMP3
+    |  sd TMP0, 8(TMP1)
+    |  bnez TMP2, <1
+    |  j <2
+    break;
+
+  case BC_FUNCC:
+  case BC_FUNCCW:
+    |  // BASE = new base, RA = BASE+framesize*8, RB = CFUNC, RC = nargs*8
+    if (op == BC_FUNCC) {
+      |  ld CARG4, CFUNC:RB->f
+    } else {
+      |  ld CARG4, GL->wrapf
+    }
+    |  add TMP1, RA, NARGS8:RC
+    |  ld TMP2, L->maxstack
+    |   add RC, BASE, NARGS8:RC
+    |  sd BASE, L->base		// base of currently excuting function
+    |   sd RC, L->top
+    |  bgtu TMP1, TMP2, ->vm_growstack_c	// Need to grow stack.
+    |    li_vmstate C			// li TMP0, ~LJ_VMST_C
+    if (op == BC_FUNCCW) {
+      |  ld CARG2, CFUNC:RB->f
+    }
+    |   mv CARG1, L
+    |    st_vmstate			// sw TMP0, GL->vmstate
+    |  jalr CARG4		// (lua_State *L [, lua_CFunction f])
+    |  // Returns nresults.
+    |  ld BASE, L->base
+    |  ld TMP1, L->top
+    |  sd L, GL->cur_L
+    |   slliw RD, CRET1, 3
+    |    li_vmstate INTERP
+    |  ld PC, FRAME_PC(BASE)		// Fetch PC of caller.
+    |  sub RA, TMP1, RD		// RA = L->top - nresults*8
+    |    st_vmstate
+    |  j ->vm_returnc
+    break;
+
+  /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  default:
+    fprintf(stderr, "Error: undefined opcode BC_%s\n", bc_names[op]);
+    exit(2);
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+static int build_backend(BuildCtx *ctx)
+{
+  int op;
+
+  dasm_growpc(Dst, BC__MAX);
+
+  build_subroutines(ctx);
+
+  |.code_op
+  for (op = 0; op < BC__MAX; op++)
+    build_ins(ctx, (BCOp)op, op);
+
+  return BC__MAX;
+}
+
+/* Emit pseudo frame-info for all assembler functions. */
+static void emit_asm_debug(BuildCtx *ctx)
+{
+  int fcofs = (int)((uint8_t *)ctx->glob[GLOB_vm_ffi_call] - ctx->code);
+  int i;
+  switch (ctx->mode) {
+  case BUILD_elfasm:
+    fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.section .debug_frame,\"\",@progbits\n");
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".Lframe0:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LECIE0-.LSCIE0\n"
+	".LSCIE0:\n"
+	"\t.4byte 0xffffffff\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x1\n"
+	"\t.string \"\"\n"
+	"\t.uleb128 0x1\n"
+	"\t.sleb128 -4\n"
+	"\t.byte 1\n"				/* Return address is in ra. */
+	"\t.byte 0xc\n\t.uleb128 2\n\t.uleb128 0\n"	/* def_cfa sp 0 */
+	"\t.align 3\n"
+	".LECIE0:\n\n");
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".LSFDE0:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LEFDE0-.LASFDE0\n"
+	".LASFDE0:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .Lframe0\n"
+	"\t.8byte .Lbegin\n"
+	"\t.8byte %d\n"
+	"\t.byte 0xe\n\t.uleb128 %d\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x81\n\t.uleb128 2*6\n"	/* offset ra */,
+	fcofs, CFRAME_SIZE);
+    for (i = 27; i >= 18; i--)	/* offset x27-x18 (s11-s2) */
+      fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.byte %d\n\t.uleb128 %d\n", 0x80+i, 2*(27-i+7));
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	"\t.byte 0x89\n\t.uleb128 2*17\n"	/* offset x9 (s1) */
+	"\t.byte 0x88\n\t.uleb128 2*18\n"	/* offset x8 (s0/fp) */);
+    for (i = 27; i >= 18; i--)	/* offset f31-f18 */
+      fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.byte %d\n\t.uleb128 %d\n", 0x80+32+i, 2*(27-i+19));
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	"\t.byte 0x89+32\n\t.uleb128 2*29\n"	/* offset f9 (fs1) */
+	"\t.byte 0x88+32\n\t.uleb128 2*30\n"	/* offset f8 (fs0) */
+	"\t.align 3\n"
+	".LEFDE0:\n\n");
+#if LJ_HASFFI
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".LSFDE1:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LEFDE1-.LASFDE1\n"
+	".LASFDE1:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .Lframe0\n"
+	"\t.4byte lj_vm_ffi_call\n"
+	"\t.4byte %d\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x81\n\t.uleb128 2*1\n"	/* offset ra */
+	"\t.byte 0x92\n\t.uleb128 2*2\n"	/* offset x18 */
+	"\t.byte 0xd\n\t.uleb128 0x12\n"
+	"\t.align 3\n"
+	".LEFDE1:\n\n", (int)ctx->codesz - fcofs);
+#endif
+#if !LJ_NO_UNWIND
+    fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.section .eh_frame,\"a\",@progbits\n");
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".Lframe1:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LECIE1-.LSCIE1\n"
+	".LSCIE1:\n"
+	"\t.4byte 0\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x1\n"
+	"\t.string \"zPR\"\n"
+	"\t.uleb128 0x1\n"
+	"\t.sleb128 -4\n"
+	"\t.byte 1\n"				/* Return address is in ra. */
+	"\t.uleb128 6\n"			/* augmentation length */
+	"\t.byte 0x1b\n"
+	"\t.4byte lj_err_unwind_dwarf-.\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x1b\n"
+	"\t.byte 0xc\n\t.uleb128 2\n\t.uleb128 0\n"	/* def_cfa sp 0 */
+	"\t.align 2\n"
+	".LECIE1:\n\n");
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".LSFDE2:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LEFDE2-.LASFDE2\n"
+	".LASFDE2:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LASFDE2-.Lframe1\n"
+	"\t.4byte .Lbegin-.\n"
+	"\t.4byte %d\n"
+	"\t.uleb128 0\n"			/* augmentation length */
+	"\t.byte 0xe\n\t.uleb128 %d\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x81\n\t.uleb128 2*6\n",	/* offset ra */
+	fcofs, CFRAME_SIZE);
+    for (i = 27; i >= 18; i--)	/* offset x27-x18 (s11-s2) */
+      fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.byte %d\n\t.uleb128 %d\n", 0x80+i, 2*(27-i+7));
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	"\t.byte 0x89\n\t.uleb128 2*17\n"	/* offset x9 (s1) */
+	"\t.byte 0x88\n\t.uleb128 2*18\n"	/* offset x8 (s0/fp) */);
+    for (i = 27; i >= 18; i--)	/* offset f31-f18 */
+      fprintf(ctx->fp, "\t.byte %d\n\t.uleb128 %d\n", 0x80+32+i, 2*(27-i+19));
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	"\t.byte 0x89+32\n\t.uleb128 2*29\n"	/* offset f9 (fs1) */
+	"\t.byte 0x88+32\n\t.uleb128 2*30\n"	/* offset f8 (fs0) */
+	"\t.align 2\n"
+	".LEFDE2:\n\n");
+#if LJ_HASFFI
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".Lframe2:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LECIE2-.LSCIE2\n"
+	".LSCIE2:\n"
+	"\t.4byte 0\n"
+	"\t.byte 0x1\n"
+	"\t.string \"zR\"\n"
+	"\t.uleb128 0x1\n"
+	"\t.sleb128 -4\n"
+	"\t.byte 1\n"				/* Return address is in ra. */
+	"\t.uleb128 1\n"			/* augmentation length */
+	"\t.byte 0x1b\n"
+	"\t.byte 0xc\n\t.uleb128 2\n\t.uleb128 0\n"	/* def_cfa sp 0 */
+	"\t.align 2\n"
+	".LECIE2:\n\n");
+    fprintf(ctx->fp,
+	".LSFDE3:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LEFDE3-.LASFDE3\n"
+	".LASFDE3:\n"
+	"\t.4byte .LASFDE3- .Lframe2\n"
+	"\t.4byte lj_vm_ffi_call-.\n"
+	"\t.4byte %d\n"
+	"\t.uleb128 0\n"			/* augmentation length */
+	"\t.byte 0x81\n\t.uleb128 2*1\n"	/* offset ra */
+	"\t.byte 0x92\n\t.uleb128 2*2\n"	/* offset x18 */
+	"\t.byte 0xd\n\t.uleb128 0x12\n"
+	"\t.align 2\n"
+	".LEFDE3:\n\n", (int)ctx->codesz - fcofs);
+#endif
+#endif
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
