```@raw html
---
# https://vitepress.dev/reference/default-theme-home-page
layout: home

hero:
  name: "Oceananigans.jl"
  tagline: "🌊 Fast and friendly ocean-flavored Julia software for simulating incompressible fluid dynamics in Cartesian and spherical shell domains on CPUs and GPUs."
  image:
    src: /logo.png
    alt: Oceananigans
  actions:
    - theme: brand
      text: Get Started
      link: /quick_start
    - theme: alt
      text: View on Github
      link: https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl
    - theme: brand
      text: Gallery
      link: /gallery
---
```

Oceananigans is a fast, friendly, flexible software package for finite volume simulations of the nonhydrostatic
and hydrostatic Boussinesq equations on CPUs and GPUs.
It runs on GPUs (wow, [fast!](https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004465)), though we believe Oceananigans makes the biggest waves
with its ultra-flexible user interface that makes simple simulations easy, and complex, creative simulations possible.
Oceananigans development is community-driven with contributors from academia and industry -
see [jobs discussions](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/discussions/categories/jobs) for developer and user opportunities!
Testing infrastructure is provided by [atdepth](https://www.atdepth.org) and the [Climate Modeling Alliance](https://clima.caltech.edu).

## Quick install

Oceananigans is a [registered Julia package](https://julialang.org/packages/). So to install it,

1. [Download Julia](https://julialang.org/downloads/).

1. Launch Julia and type


```julia
julia> using Pkg

julia> Pkg.add("Oceananigans")
```

!!! compat "Julia 1.10 or later is required"
    Oceananigans requires Julia 1.10 or later.

!!! info "Tested Julia versions"
    Oceananigans is currently tested on Julia 1.12.

If you're [new to Julia](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/getting-started/) and its [wonderful `Pkg` manager](https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Pkg/), the [Oceananigans wiki](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/wiki) provides [more detailed installation instructions](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/wiki/Installation-and-getting-started-with-Oceananigans).

## The Oceananigans "knowledge base"

It's _deep_ and includes:

* This documentation, which provides
    * example Oceananigans scripts,
    * tutorials that describe key Oceananigans objects and functions,
    * explanations of Oceananigans finite-volume-based numerical methods,
    * details of the dynamical equations solved by Oceananigans models, and
    * a library documenting all user-facing Oceananigans objects and functions.
* [Discussions on the Oceananigans github](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/discussions), covering topics like
    * ["Computational science"](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/discussions/categories/computational-science), or how to science and set up numerical simulations in Oceananigans, and
    * ["Experimental features"](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/discussions?discussions_q=experimental+features), which covers new and sparsely-documented features for those who like to live dangerously.

    If you've got a question or something to talk about, don't hesitate to [start a new discussion](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/discussions/new?)!
* The [Oceananigans wiki](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/wiki), which contains practical tips for [getting started with Julia](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/wiki/Installation-and-getting-started-with-Oceananigans), [accessing and using GPUs](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/wiki/Oceananigans-on-GPUs), and [productive workflows when using Oceananigans](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/wiki/Productive-Oceananigans-workflows-and-Julia-environments).
* [Issues](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/issues) and [pull requests](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/pulls) also contain lots of information about problems we've found, solutions we're trying to implement, and dreams we're dreaming to make tomorrow better 🌈.

## Getting in touch

Whether you need help getting started with Oceananigans, found a bug, want Oceananigans to be more awesome, or just want to chat about computational oceanography, you've got a few options for getting in touch:

* [Start a discussion](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/discussions). This is great for general questions about numerics, science, experimental or under-documented features, and for getting help setting up a neat new numerical experiment.
* [Open an issue](https://github.com/CliMA/Oceananigans.jl/issues). Issues are best if you think the Oceananigans source code needs attention: a bug, a sign error (😱), an important missing feature, or a typo in this documentation 👀.
* [Join the NumericalEarth slack](https://join.slack.com/t/numericalearth/shared_invite/zt-3pwpvky4k-XX7RkgQgHLIUt~wtwGXN~Q) because we love to chat.

## Citing and otherwise spreading the word

If you use Oceananigans for your research, teaching, or fun 🤩, everyone in our community will be grateful
if you credit Oceananigans by name.

The community has published a number of articles describing the development of Oceananigans,
including a recent [preprint submitted to the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.14148) that presents an overview of all the things that make Oceananigans unique:

> "High-level, high-resolution ocean modeling at all scales with Oceananigans"
>
> by Gregory L. Wagner, Simone Silvestri, Navid C. Constantinou, Ali Ramadhan, Jean-Michel Campin,
> Chris Hill, Tomas Chor, Jago Strong-Wright, Xin Kai Lee, Francis Poulin, Andre Souza, Keaton J. Burns,
> Siddhartha Bishnu, John Marshall, and Raffaele Ferrari
>
> submitted to the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, arXiv:[2502.14148](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.14148)

Please cite this 👆 overview paper if you use Oceananigans in published work.

We've also submitted a number of model development papers. Please cite these if you use
the features they describe! Also, if you have developed a new feature in Oceananigans and describe it in a paper, make sure to open a pull request to add it to this list:

* **Silvestri et al. (2026), ["A low-storage Runge-Kutta framework for nonlinear free-surface ocean models"](https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15002225/v1).**

  *This paper describes the development of a Runge-Kutta timestepping scheme for the `HydrostaticFreeSurfaceModel`.*

* **Moses et al. (2026), ["DJ4Earth: Differentiable, and performance-portable Earth system modeling via program transformations"](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005615).**

  *This paper describes the development and advantages of a strategy that leverages Enzyme.jl and Reactant.jl for building differentiable Oceananigans workflows.*

* **Silvestri et al. (2025), ["A new WENO-Based momentum advection scheme for simulations of ocean mesoscale turbulence"](https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS004130).**

  *This paper describes the development of `WENOVectorInvariant()` advection scheme, which can be used as the
  `momentum_advection` scheme for `HydrostaticFreeSurfaceModel`.*

* **Silvestri et al. (2025), ["A GPU-based ocean dynamic core for routine mesoscale-resolving climate simulations"](https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004465).**

  *This paper describes the optimization of the `HydrostaticFreeSurfaceModel` algorithm, including the implementation
  of a new `SplitExplicitFreeSurface` algorithm for `Distributed` architectures for multiple GPUs. As a result of this work,
  global simulations with O(10 km) grid spacing can be run on 16-20 nodes, achieving 10 simulated years per day (SYPD).*

* **Wagner et al. (2025), ["Formulation and calibration of CATKE, a one-equation parameterization for microscale ocean mixing"](https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004522).**

  *This paper describes the development of `CATKEVerticalDiffusivity()`, including how it was automatically calibrated to
  a suite of 35 large eddy simulations (also run with Oceananigans). It additionally features solutions from `TKEDissipationVerticalDiffusivity` (also known as "k-epsilon").*

* **Ramadhan et al. (2020), ["Oceananigans.jl: Fast and friendly geophysical fluid dynamics on GPUs"](https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02018).**

  *This Journal of Open Source Software article describes an early version of Oceananigans' `NonhydrostaticModel`.*

## Papers and preprints using Oceananigans

If you have work using Oceananigans that you would like to have listed here, please open a pull request to add it or let us know!

1. Wu, W. (2026). [Ageostrophic velocities of curved ocean fronts](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023961), _Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans_, **131(8)**, e2025JC023961. DOI: [10.1029/2025JC023961](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023961)

1. Bisits, J. I., McDougall, T. J., and Zika, J. D. (2026). [Determining how nonlinearities in the equation of state affect diffusive interfaces in the ocean](https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2026.11889), _Journal of Fluid Mechanics_, **1040**, A33. DOI: [10.1017/jfm.2026.11889](https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2026.11889)

1. Lefauve, A., Bassett, C., Plotnick, D. S., Lavery, A. C., and Geyer, W. R. (2026). [The structure and lifecycle of stratified mixing by shear instabilities in continuously forced flows](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023905), _Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans_, **131(7)**, e2025JC023905. DOI: [10.1029/2025JC023905](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023905)

1. Kalathoor, S. P. (2026). [Route survival and spectral modification of finite-depth salt-finger plume forests under imposed mean shear](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.07012), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2607.07012. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2607.07012](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.07012)

1. Kalathoor, S. P. (2026). [Interfacial spectral memory as a state variable for finite-depth salt-finger exchange](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.26045), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2606.26045. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2606.26045](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.26045)

1. Kalathoor, S. P. (2026). [Interfacial roughness spectra and finite-depth salt-finger mixing at a two-layer thermohaline interface](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.21131), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2606.21131. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2606.21131](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2606.21131)

1. Knudsen, L., Wenegrat, J., Hilditch, J., and Thomas, L. N. (2026). [Parametric subharmonic instability in the ocean bottom boundary layer](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.28555), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2605.28555. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2605.28555](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.28555)

1. Atkinson, E. and Grisouard, N. (2026). [Formation and arrest of a surface density front via strain-driven frontogenesis](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL119220), _Geophysical Research Letters_, **53(12)**, e2025GL119220. DOI: [10.1029/2025GL119220](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL119220)

1. Wenegrat, J. O., Chor, T., and Barkan, R. (2026). [Coarse-grained local available potential energy](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.15879), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2605.15879. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2605.15879](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.15879)

1. Chor, T., Wenegrat, J., and Wagner, G. L. (2026) [Turbulent mixing and dissipation around rough seamounts](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121312), _Geophysical Research Letters_. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121312](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL121312)

1. Bouckley, E. R., Lewin, S. F., and Lefauve, A. (2026). [Early onset of secondary shear instability in Kelvin-Helmholtz braids at high Reynolds number](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.16173), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2604.16173. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2604.16173](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.16173)

1. Gui, W., Bhadouriya, A., Vreugdenhil, C. A., and Gayen, B. (2026). [The impact of fronts and submesoscale eddies under various melt conditions on Antarctic ice shelves](https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15002095/v1), _ESS Open Archive_. DOI: [10.22541/essoar.15002095/v1](https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15002095/v1)

1. Plotzki, T. and Peitz, S. (2026). [Koopman-based surrogate modeling for reinforcement-learning-control of Rayleigh-Bénard convection](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.28074), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2603.28074. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2603.28074](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.28074)

1. Zhao, K. X., Chor., T., Skyllingstad, E., Nash, J., Rosevear, M. G., McConnochie, C. (2026). [Direct numerical simulations of ice-ocean boundary turbulence](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.19542), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2603.19542. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2603.19542](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.19542)

1. Wang, S., Kang, W., and Li, C. (2026). [A tug-of-war between baroclinic eddies and convection: implications for icy moon oceans](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.17185), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2603.17185. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2603.17185](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.17185)

1. Kang, W. and Zhang, Y. (2026). [Subsurface ocean salinity and dissipation rate inferred from Enceladus ice shell morphology](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.22602), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2603.22602. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2603.22602](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.22602)

1. De Abreu, S. and Timmermans, M.-L. (2026). [Mixed-layer deepening and internal wave generation under sea ice in free drift](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-25-0165.1), _Journal of Physical Oceanography_, **56(4)**, 823-837. DOI: [10.1175/JPO-D-25-0165.1](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-25-0165.1)

1. Markmann, Τ., Straat, Μ., Peitz, S., Hammer, B. (2026). [Fourier neural operators as data-driven surrogates for two- and three-dimensional Rayleigh–bénard convection](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133201), _Neurocomputing_, 133201. DOI: [10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133201](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2026.133201)

1. Yakushev, E., Berezina, A., Yakubov, S., Novikov, M., Ghaffari, P., Dzhurova, B., Hristova, O., Vogt, R., and Ranneklev, S. (2026). [Model-based analysis of seasonal hypoxia: The Varna Lake–Bay case study](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111535), _Ecological Modelling_, **515**, 111535. DOI: [10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111535](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111535)

1. Gupta, M., Thompon, A. F., and Klein P. (2026). [Energetics of the upper‐ocean under sea ice: Frictional dissipation versus baroclinic production](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023026), _Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans_, **131(2)**, e2025JC023026. DOI: [10.1029/2025JC023026](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC023026)

1. Sjur, A. L. P., Isachsen, P. E., Nilsson, J., and Allen, S. (2026). [Nonlinear dynamics of time-variable slope circulation](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-778), _EGUsphere preprint_. DOI: [10.5194/egusphere-2026-778](https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-778)

1. Yuan, Q., Wang, S., Wang, B., Jing, R., and Chen, B. (2026). [The influence of wave steepness and age on wake dynamics and power performance of offshore wind farms](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127147), _Applied Energy_, **404**, 127147. DOI: [10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127147](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.127147)

1. Pan, W. and Li, Q. (2026). [Transient response of Langmuir turbulence to abrupt onset of surface heating](https://doi.org/10.1103/jjdt-zp9n), _Physical Review Fluids_, **11**, 024606. DOI: [10.1103/jjdt-zp9n](https://doi.org/10.1103/jjdt-zp9n)

1. Li, Q. (2026). [Large eddy simulations of stabilizing effects induced by opposing Eulerian shear and Stokes drift shear in an idealized ocean surface boundary layer](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-25-0077.1), _Journal of Physical Oceanography_, e250077, in press. DOI: [10.1175/JPO-D-25-0077.1](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-25-0077.1)

1. Peng. S., Silvestri, S., and Bodner, A. (2026). [Submesoscale and boundary layer turbulence under mesoscale forcing in the upper ocean](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.10441), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2601.10441. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2601.10441](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.10441)

1. Wang, S., Kang, W., Zhang, Y., and Marshall, J. (2026). [Evolution of a point plume in a rotating unstratified fluid overlain by a stratified layer: scaling and implications for icy satellites](https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JE009649), _Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets_, **131(7)**, e2026JE009649. DOI: [10.1029/2026JE009649](https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JE009649)

1. Wei, Z., Li, Q., & Chen, B. (2026). [A direct assessment of Langmuir turbulence parameterizations in idealized coastal merging boundary layers](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS004993), _Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems_, **18**, e2025MS004993. DOI:[10.1029/2025MS004993](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS004993)

1. Johnston, D. R., Shakespeare, C. J., and Constantinou, N. C. (2026) [Evaluating and improving wave and non-wave stress parametrisations for oceanic flows](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-25-0064.1), _Journal of Physical Oceanography_, **56(3)**, 643–664. DOI: [10.1175/JPO-D-25-0064.1](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-25-0064.1)

1. Allende, S., Couston, L.-A., Thalabard, S., and Favier, B. (2026) [Melting dynamics and mixing layer growth near the ice-ocean interface](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.18674), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2601.18674. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2601.18674](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2601.18674)

1. Zhang, Y., Kang, W., and Marshall, J. (2026). [How does ice shell geometry shape ocean dynamics on icy moons?](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009528), _Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets_, **131(7)**, e2025JE009528. DOI: [10.1029/2025JE009528](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009528)

1. Huang, J., Chamecki, M., Li, Q., and Chen, B. (2025). [The role of longitudinal alignment between surface and bottom forcing on the full-column turbulence mixing in the coastal ocean](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102637), _Ocean Modelling_, **199**, 102637. DOI: [10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102637](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102637)

1. Zheng, Z., Wenegrat, J. O., Fox-Kemper, B., and Brett, G. J. (2025). [Wind-catalyzed energy exchanges between fronts and boundary layer turbulence](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-24-0243.1), _Journal of Physical Oceanography_, *55(9)*, 1591–1606. DOI: [10.1175/JPO-D-24-0243.1](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-24-0243.1)

1. Shu, R., Gou, R., Pennelly, C., Deng, Y., Wu, L., Xiao, K., Huang, Y., and Myers, P. G. (2025). [Impact of downwelling-favorable winds on eddy formation in the West Greenland current](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-24-0053.1), _Journal of Physical Oceanography_, **55(2)**, 191–201. DOI: [10.1175/JPO-D-24-0053.1](https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-24-0053.1)

1. Zhang, Y., Bire, S., Wang, S., Nath, A., Ramadhan, A., Kang, W., and Marshall, J. (2025). [Long transit time from the seafloor to the ice shell on Enceladus](https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1008), _Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society_, **541(2)**, 859–871. DOI: [10.1093/mnras/staf1008](https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1008)

1. Lee, X. K., Ramadhan, A., Souza, A., Wagner, G. L., Silvestri, S., Marshall, J. and Ferrari, R. (2025) [NORi: An ML-augmented ocean boundary layer parameterization](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.04452), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2512.04452. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2512.04452](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2512.04452)

1. Liu, C.-L. and Drake, H. F. (2025). [Tidally-driven diapycnal upwelling in a rough sloping canyon](https://doi.org/10.31223/X5MJ28), _EarthArXiv preprint_. DOI: [10.31223/X5MJ28](https://doi.org/10.31223/X5MJ28)

1. Brenner, S., Thompson, A., and Gupta, M. (2025) [Patterns of sea ice floes shape ocean turbulence in the marginal ice zone](https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8099873/v1), preprint (Version 1), available at Research Square. DOI: [10.21203/rs.3.rs-8099873/v1](https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8099873/v1)

1. Moses, W. S., Cheng, G., Churavy, V., Gelbrecht, M., Klöwer, M., Kump, J., Morlighem, M., Williamson, S., Apte, D., Berg, P., Giordano, M., Hill, C., Loose, N., Montoison, A., Narayanan, S. H. K., Pal, A., Schanen, M., Silvestri, S., Wagner, G. L., Heimbach, P. (2026) [DJ4Earth: Differentiable, and performance-portable Earth system modeling via program transformations](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005615), _Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems_, **18(5)**, e2025MS005615. DOI: [10.1029/2025MS005615](https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005615)

1. Falga, R., Shamekh, S., and Zanna, L. (2025). [Towards a Unified Data-Driven Boundary Layer Momentum Flux Parameterization for Ocean and Atmosphere](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.01766), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2511.01766. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2511.01766](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.01766)

1. Peng, S., Silvestri, S., and Bodner, A. (2025) [Capturing multiscale dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer. Part I: Hydrostatic simulations](https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174585712.26266872/v1), _Authorea_. DOI: [10.22541/au.174585712.26266872/v1](https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174585712.26266872/v1)

1. Liu, F. and Zemskova, V. E. (2025) [Nondimensional parameter regimes of Arctic ice keel-ocean flow interactions](https://doi.org/10.31223/X51N08), _Earth arXiv preprint_. DOI: [10.31223/X51N08](https://doi.org/10.31223/X51N08).

1. Zhou, X., Taylor, J. R., and Caulfield, C. P. (2025). [A Lagrangian view of mixing in stratified shear flows](https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10626), _Journal of Fluid Mechanics_, **1021**, A31. DOI: [10.1017/jfm.2025.10626](https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.10626)

1. Shikanian, A. and Parfenyev, V. (2025) [The effects of no-slip boundaries and external force torque on two-dimensional turbulence in a square domain](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.13590), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2508.13590. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2508.13590](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.13590)

1. Souza, A. N., Silvestri, S., Deck, K., Bischoff, T., Ferrari, R., and Flierl, G. R. (2025) [Surface to seafloor: A generative AI framework for decoding the ocean interior state](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.15308), _arXiv preprint_, arXiv:2504.15308. DOI: [10.48550/arXiv.2504.15308](https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2504.15308)

1. Vankevich, R. Y., Rodionov, А. А., Shpilev, N. N., and Chebotkova, V. V. (2025) [Modeling the origin and evolution of convective vortex structures on a slope. Numerical experiment](https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(4)-2), _Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics_, **18(4)**, 20-27. (in Russian) DOI: [10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(4)-2](https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(4)-2)

1. Vankevich, R. E., Isaev, A. V., and Ryabchenko, V. A. (2025) [On approaches to improving the description of North Sea water inflows in the general circulation models of the Baltic Sea](https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(3)-3), _Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics_, **18(3)**, 37-52. (in Russian) DOI: [10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(3)-3](https://doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(3)-3)

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1. Ramadhan, A., Marshall, J. C., Souza, A. N., Lee, X. K., Piterbarg, U., Hillier, A., Wagner, G. L., Rackauckas, C., Hill, C., Campin, J.-M., and Ferrari, R. (2022). [Capturing missing physics in climate model parameterizations using neural differential equations](https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10512533.1), _ESS Open Archive_. DOI: [10.1002/essoar.10512533.1](https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10512533.1)

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1. Souza, A. N., Wagner, G. L., Ramadhan, A., Allen, B., Churavy, V., Schloss, J., Campin, J. M., Hill, C., Edelman, A., Marshall, J., Flierl, G., and Ferrari, R. (2020). [Uncertainty quantification of ocean parameterizations: Application to the K‐Profile‐Parameterization for penetrative convection](https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002108), _Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems_, **12**, e2020MS002108. DOI: [10.1029/2020MS002108](https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002108)
