PEP: 541
Title: Package Index Name Retention
Author: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@python.org>
BDFL-Delegate: Mark Mangoba <mmangoba@python.org>
Discussions-To: distutils-sig@python.org
Status: Final
Type: Process
Topic: Packaging
Created: 12-Jan-2017
Post-History:
Resolution: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/distutils-sig/2018-March/032089.html


Abstract
========

This PEP proposes an extension to the Terms of Use [1]_ of the Package
Index [2]_, clarifying expectations of package owners regarding
ownership of a package name on the Package Index, specifically with
regards to conflict resolution.

Existing package repositories such as CPAN [3]_, NPM [4]_, and
GitHub [5]_ will be investigated as prior art in this field.


Rationale
=========

Given that package names on the Index are sharing a single flat
namespace, a unique name is a finite resource.  The growing age of
the Package Index causes a constant rise of situations of conflict
between the current use of the name and a different suggested use of
the same name.

This document aims to provide general guidelines for solving the
most typical cases of such conflicts.


Approval Process
================

As the application of this policy has potential legal ramifications for the
Python Software Foundation, the approval process used is more formal than that
used for most PEPs.

Rather than accepting the PEP directly, the assigned BDFL-Delegate will instead
recommend its acceptance to the PSF's Packaging Working Group. After
consultation with the PSF's General Counsel, adoption of the policy will then
be subject to a formal vote within the working group.

This formal approval process will be used for both initial adoption of the
policy, and for adoption of any future amendments.


Specification
=============

The main idea behind this document is that the Package Index serves the
community.  Every user is invited to upload content to the Package Index
under the Terms of Use, understanding that it is at the sole risk of
the user.

While the Package Index is not a backup service, the maintainers of the
Package Index do their best to keep that content accessible indefinitely
in its published form.  However, in certain edge cases the greater
community's needs might overweigh the individual's expectation of
ownership of a package name.

The use cases covered by this document are:

* Abandoned projects:

  * continued maintenance by a different set of users; or
  * removal from the Index for use with a different project.

* Active projects:

  * resolving disputes over a name.

* Invalid projects:

  * projects subject to a claim of intellectual property infringement.

The proposed extension to the Terms of Use, as expressed in the
Implementation section, will be published as a separate document on the
Package Index, linked next to existing Terms of Use in the front page
footer.


Implementation
==============

Reachability
------------

The user of the Package Index is solely responsible for being reachable
by the Package Index maintainers for matters concerning projects that
the user owns.  In every case where contacting the user is necessary,
the maintainers will try to do so at least three times, using the
following means of contact:

* the e-mail address on file in the user's profile on the Package Index;
* the e-mail address listed in the Author field for a given project
  uploaded to the Index; and
* any e-mail addresses found in the given project's documentation
  on the Index or on the listed Home Page.

The maintainers stop trying to reach the user after six weeks.


Abandoned projects
------------------

A project is considered *abandoned* when ALL of the following are met:

* owner not reachable (see Reachability above);
* no releases within the past twelve months; and
* no activity from the owner on the project's home page (or no
  home page listed).

All other projects are considered *active*.

.. _continue-maintenance:

Continued maintenance of an abandoned project
---------------------------------------------

If a candidate appears willing to continue maintenance on an *abandoned*
project, ownership of the name is transferred when ALL of the following
are met:

* the project has been determined *abandoned* by the rules described
  above;
* the candidate is able to demonstrate their own failed attempts to contact
  the existing owner;
* the candidate is able to demonstrate improvements made on the
  candidate's own fork of the project;
* the candidate is able to demonstrate why a fork under a different name
  is not an acceptable workaround; and
* the maintainers of the Package Index don't have any additional
  reservations.

Under no circumstances will a name be reassigned against the wishes of
a reachable owner.

.. _reclaim-name:

Removal of an abandoned project
-------------------------------

Projects are never removed from the Package Index solely on the basis
of abandonment.  Artifacts uploaded to the Package Index hold inherent
historical value.

An *abandoned* project can be transferred to a new owner for purposes
of reusing the name when ALL of the following are met:

* the project has been determined *abandoned* by the rules described
  above;
* the candidate is able to demonstrate their own failed attempts to contact
  the existing owner;
* the candidate is able to demonstrate that the project suggested to
  reuse the name already exists and meets notability requirements;
* the candidate is able to demonstrate why a fork under a different name
  is not an acceptable workaround;
* download statistics on the Package Index for the existing package
  indicate project is not being used; and
* the maintainers of the Package Index don't have any additional
  reservations.


Name conflict resolution for active projects
--------------------------------------------

The maintainers of the Package Index are not arbiters in disputes
around *active* projects.  There are many possible scenarios here,
a non-exclusive list describing some real-world examples is presented
below.  None of the following qualify for package name ownership
transfer:

1. User A and User B share project X.  After some time they part ways
   and each of them wants to continue the project under name X.
2. User A owns a project X outside the Package Index.  User B creates
   a package under the name X on the Index.  After some time, User A
   wants to publish project X on the Index but realizes name is taken.
   This is true even if User A's project X gains notability and the
   User B's project X is not notable.
3. User A publishes project X to the Package Index.  After some time
   User B proposes bug fixes to the project but no new release is
   published by User A.  This is true even if User A agrees to publish
   a new version and later doesn't, even if User B's changes are merged
   to the source code repository for project X.

Again, the list above is not exclusive.  The maintainers of the Package
Index recommend users to get in touch with each other and solve the
issue by respectful communication (see the PSF Code of Conduct [6]_).


Invalid projects
----------------

A project published on the Package Index meeting ANY of the following
is considered invalid and will be removed from the Index:

* project does not conform to Terms of Use;
* project is malware (designed to exploit or harm systems or users directly, to
  facilitate command-and-control attacks, or perform data exfiltration);
* project is spam (designed to advertise or solicit goods or services);
* project contains illegal content;
* project violates copyright, trademarks, patents, or licenses;
* project is name squatting (package has no functionality or is
  empty);
* project name, description, or content violates the Code of Conduct;
* project uses obfuscation to hide or mask functionality;
  or
* project is abusing the Package Index for purposes it was not
  intended.

The Package Index maintainers pre-emptively declare certain package
names as unavailable for security reasons.

Intellectual property policy
----------------------------

It is the policy of Python Software Foundation and the Package Index
maintainers to be appropriately responsive to claims of intellectual
property infringement by third parties. It is not the policy of
the Python Software Foundation nor the Package Index maintainers
to pre-screen uploaded packages for any type of intellectual property
infringement.

Possibly-infringing packages should be reported to legal@python.org
and counsel to the Python Software Foundation will determine an
appropriate response. A package can be removed or transferred to a
new owner at the sole discretion of the Python Software Foundation to
address a claim of infringement.

A project published on the Package Index meeting ANY of the following
may be considered infringing and subject to removal from the Index
or transferral to a new owner:

* project contains unlicensed copyrighted material from a third party,
  and is subject to a properly made claim under the DMCA;
* project uses a third party's trademark in a way not covered by
  nominal or fair use guidelines;
* project clearly implicates a patented system or process, and is
  the subject of a complaint; or
* project is subject to an active lawsuit.

In the event of a complaint for intellectual property infringement,
a copy of the complaint will be sent to the package owner. In some
cases, action may be taken by the Package Index maintainers before
the owner responds.


The role of the Python Software Foundation
------------------------------------------

The Python Software Foundation [7]_ is the non-profit legal entity that
provides the Package Index as a community service.

The Package Index maintainers can escalate issues covered by this
document for resolution by the Packaging Workgroup if the matter is not clear
enough.  Some decisions *require* additional judgement by the Board,
especially in cases of Code of Conduct violations or legal claims.
Recommendations made by the Board are sent to the Packaging Workgroup [8]_ for review.

The Packaging Workgroup has the final say in any disputes covered by this document and
can decide to reassign or remove a project from the Package Index after
careful consideration even when not all requirements listed
here are met.

How to request a name transfer
==============================

If you want to take over an existing project name on PyPI,
these are the steps to follow:

1. Try to contact the current owner(s) directly: email them and open an issue
   if you can find a related repository. The processes described here are meant
   as a last resort if the owner cannot be contacted.
2. Check the criteria above to see when a transfer is allowed. In particular,
   the criteria for `reusing a name for a different project <reclaim-name_>`_
   are more stringent than for `continuing maintenance of the same project
   <continue-maintenance_>`_ - although it's not easy to get a name transferred
   in either case.
3. Search the `PyPI Support issues <https://github.com/pypa/pypi-support/issues>`_
   to see if anyone else is already requesting the same name.
4. If all the criteria are met to transfer ownership of the name,
   `open a new issue  <https://github.com/pypa/pypi-support/issues/new?labels=PEP+541&template=pep541-request.yml&title=PEP+541+Request%3A+PROJECT_NAME>`_
   to request it, detailing why you believe each relevant criterion is
   satisfied.

Prior art
=========

NPM contains a separate section linked from the front page called
`Package Name Disputes <https://www.npmjs.com/policies/disputes>`_.
It is described as a "living document", as of January 2017 its
contents might be summarized as follows:

* package name squatting is prohibited;
* users wanting to reuse a project name are required to contact the
  existing author, with cc to support@npmjs.com;
* all contact must conform to the NPM Code of Conduct;
* in case of no resolution after a few weeks, npm inc. holds the right
  to the final decision in the matter.

CPAN lets any user upload modules with the same name.  PAUSE, a related
index, only lists modules uploaded by the primary maintainer or listed
co-maintainers.  CPAN documentation doesn't address disputes otherwise.

GitHub's terms of service contain an exhaustive list of behavior
not meeting general conditions of use.  While not codified anywhere,
GitHub does agree for users to reclaim abandoned account names by
archiving the abandoned account and letting the other user or
organization rename their account.  This is done on a case-by-case
basis.


Rejected Proposals
==================

The original approach was to hope for the best and solve issues as they
arise without written policy.  This is not sustainable.  The lack of
generally available guidelines in writing on package name conflict
resolution is causing unnecessary tensions.  From the perspective of
users, decisions made by the Package Index maintainers without written
guidelines may appear arbitrary.  From the perspective of the Package
Index maintainers, solving name conflicts is a stressful task due to
risk of unintentional harm due to lack of defined policy.


References
==========

.. [1] Terms of Use of the Python Package Index
   (https://pypi.org/policy/terms-of-use/)

.. [2] The Python Package Index
   (https://pypi.org/)

.. [3] The Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
   (http://www.cpan.org/)

.. [4] Node Package Manager
   (https://www.npmjs.com/package/left-pad)

.. [5] GitHub
   (https://github.com/)

.. [6] Python Community Code of Conduct
   (https://www.python.org/psf/codeofconduct/)

.. [7] Python Software Foundation
   (https://www.python.org/psf/)

.. [8] Python Packaging Working Group
   (https://wiki.python.org/psf/PackagingWG/)


Copyright
=========

This document has been placed in the public domain.


Acknowledgements
================

The many participants of the Distutils and Catalog SIGs for their
ideas over the years.
