# Page 93 of 434

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**Part 1 - Writing rules**

**ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English**

|Sentence 1|Sentence 5|
|---|---|
|The Instrument Landing System in the aircraft|During the approach to the runway,deviation|
|showsdata that helps thepilot during the|pointers in the course indicatorsshow the pilot|
|approach to the runway.|in which direction the aircraft must go:<br>- Left or right (for the localizer)<br>- Up or down (for the glideslope).|

Sentences 1 and 5 are also connected to make a logical paragraph.

Sentence 5 also uses the key phrase “during the approach to the runway” from sentence 1 again to refer to the initial sentence and give more information about it. When you use the same key words and key phrases again, the sentences have a logical connection. If you use different terminology, your text will not be easy to read.

There is also a logical connection between the two paragraphs.

<u>Paragraph 1</u> (Sentences 1 thru 5): deviation, <u>data, localizer, glideslope</u>

- <u>Paragraph 2</u> (Sentences 6 and 7): This data about deviations from the localizer course and <u>glideslope path comes from two VHF transceivers. These transceivers transmit this data to Air Traffic Control.</u>

### **Sentences**

#### **Rule 6.3 Write short sentences. Use a maximum of 25 words in each sentence.**

Good technical writing uses short sentences for complex topics. Short sentences give a clear structure to your writing and make information easier to understand.

In descriptive writing, the maximum sentence length is 25 words. This is because descriptive text is more complex than procedural text.

##### **Examples:**

STE: During the approach to the runway, deviation pointers in the course indicators show the pilot in which direction the aircraft must go. (22 words) _Non-STE: A smartphone is a cellular telephone that has an integrated computer and many other functions, such as an operating system, internet browsing as well as the ability to run software applications. (31 words)_ STE: <mark>A smartphone is a cellular telephone that has an integrated computer and many</mark> other functions. (15 words) It includes an operating system and an internet browser, and it can also operate software applications. (16 words)

# Page 94 of 434

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**Part 1 - Writing rules**

**Issue 9 2025-01-15**

**ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English**

### **Paragraphs**

#### **Rule 6.4 Use paragraphs to show related information.**

In procedures, work steps usually have numbers and letters to show their sequence. In descriptive writing, paragraphs keep related information together and give a logical sequence to the text.

In STE, a paragraph starts with a “topic sentence” which tells the reader about the topic of that paragraph. Then, the sentences that follow the topic sentence explain it, or give more information related to it.

In the example, the underlined topic sentence at the start of each paragraph helps the reader understand the content of the paragraph and its topic. When a new paragraph starts, the reader knows that there will be a new topic or different information in that paragraph.

##### **Example:**

|STE:|1.<br>Lightnin|g Strike|
|---|---|---|
||A. Gen|eral|
||(1)|A lightning strike can cause damage to the aircraft.The damage<br>usually occurs at the attachment points. The attachment points<br>include:|
|||-<br>The nose of the fuselage<br>-<br>The tail section<br>-<br>The propellers<br>-<br>The wing tips<br>-<br>The tips of the stabilizer<br>-<br>The trailing edge of the stabilizer<br>-<br>The antennas<br>-<br>The static dischargers.|
||(2)|From the attachment points, the lightning strike usually goes aft<br>through the structure of the aircraft.The high current of the lightning<br>strike can cause damage to the mechanical systems of the aircraft.<br>Thus, a permanent or a temporary malfunction of the electrical and<br>electronic equipment and systems can occur.|
||(3)|If a lightning strike occurs, it is necessary to do an inspection of the<br>aircraft for damage.The maintenance personnel must do this<br>inspection before the next flight.|

The example has three short paragraphs, which give the text a clear structure and make it easy for the reader to understand.

# Page 95 of 434

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**Part 1 - Writing rules**

**ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English**

#### **Rule 6.5 Make sure that each paragraph has only one topic.**

In descriptive writing, paragraphs describe topics, and it is important that each paragraph has only one topic. The topic sentence is the first and most important sentence in a paragraph. The topic sentence gives new information and makes a logical connection between the new information and previous information. To make a logical connection in a paragraph, the topic sentence usually contains a key word and/or a connecting word or connecting phrase.

From the topic sentences, the reader will understand the contents of your text and will find the applicable information quickly. If the reader writes down each of the topic sentences from a text, they will make a good outline of its content. The other sentences in each paragraph give the information a logical structure and add more information on the topic of the paragraph.

If you refer to the STE text in the example for rules 6.1 and 6.2 again, you can see that the text is divided into two paragraphs:

- Paragraph 1 (sentences 1 thru 5) – The topic is: “Data to help the pilot.”

- Paragraph 2 (sentences 6 and 7) – The topic is: “How this data is transmitted.”

In the example that follows, the underlined topic sentence at the start of each paragraph helps the reader understand the content that the paragraph explains. More information then follows gradually and connects correctly to the information in the text.

##### **Example:**

<mark>STE:</mark> <u><mark>Instrument Landing System</mark></u>

<u>The Instrument Landing System (the system) on the aircraft shows data that helps the pilot during the approach to the runway. This system shows the pilot the</u> deviations from the localizer course and the glideslope path. The localizer course aligns with the centerline of the runway. And the glideslope path is at a constant angle to the threshold of the runway. During the approach to the runway, deviation pointers in the course indicators show the pilot in which direction the aircraft must go:

- Left or right (for the localizer)

- Up or down (for the glideslope).

<u>This data about deviations from the localizer course and glideslope path comes from two VHF transceivers. These transceivers transmit this data to Air Traffic</u> Control.

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**Issue 9 2025-01-15**

**ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English**

#### **Rule 6.6 Make sure that no paragraph has more than six sentences.**

Paragraphs divide a text into logical units and help keep the reader's attention. If paragraphs are too long, they cannot have this function. Do not put different topics in the same paragraph. If a paragraph has more than six sentences, divide it into two smaller paragraphs. This structure will make your text easier to read.

##### **Example:**

|STE:|Description of the fuel manifold(refer to figure 10001)|
|---|---|
||The fuel manifold (1) has these primary parts:<br>-<br>Two motorized fuel shut-off valves (referred to in this manual as a “shut-off<br>valve”)<br>-<br>A pressure transducer (2)<br>-<br>Three fittings (10), (13) and (15).<br>(one paragraph, 1 sentence)|
||The shut-off valve operates in the valve body (21). The valve body (21) has:<br>-<br>An aluminum alloy ball (27)<br>-<br>A retaining ring (31)<br>-<br>Two seals (26)<br>-<br>A spring (25).<br>(one paragraph, 2 sentences)|
||The spring (25) holds the ball (27) in position to prevent internal leakage. The<br>preformed packings (18), (2) and (30) are installed on the seals (26), the shaft<br>(28), and in the valve body. They prevent external leakage. One of the two seals<br>(26), on which the spring (25) operates, has the function of a relief valve. It<br>operates when the pressure applied in the opposite direction is more than a set<br>value.<br>(one paragraph, 5 sentences)|
||The actuator assembly (4) is of a rotary type. A DC motor, which has a permanent<br>high-speed magnet, supplies power to the actuator. Micro-switches in the actuator<br>de-energize it at the end of travel. They also send signals to the fuel control panel<br>to show the operation condition of the valve. A micro-relay controls the direction of<br>shaft rotation and an electrical connector connects the actuator assembly to the<br>aircraft electrical supply.<br>(one paragraph, 4 sentences)|
||The pressure transducer (2) is installed downstream of the shut-off valve (in the<br>RH engine line). The fitting (10) connects the pressure transducer (2) to the fuel<br>manifold (1). A lockwire safeties the pressure transducer (2). The pressure<br>transducer (2) has an electrical connector that connects it to the Fuel Management<br>System of the aircraft.<br>(one paragraph, 4 sentences)<br>Three fittings (10), (13), and (15) connect the two shut-off valves and the pressure<br>transducer (2). They attach the fuel manifold (1) to the aircraft structure.<br>(one paragraph, 2 sentences)|

The example has short paragraphs, which give the text a clear structure and make it easy for the reader to understand.
