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# Front Matter

> **Source:** ASD-STE100 Issue 9, January 2025
> **Section:** FRONT
> **Pages:** 1-27 of 434 (27 pages)

# Page 1 of 434

**FRONT-MATTER**

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ASD-SBE100\;; > <<br>_ Simplified ———<br>: ° : | — jy<br>\ Technical | on
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**ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English**

## Copyright notices

### Copyright

The information in this document is the property of the Aerospace, Security and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD). Transmittal, receipt, or possession of the information does not express license or imply any rights to use, sell, or manufacture from this information and no reproduction or publication of it, in whole or in part, shall be made without the written authority of an officer of ASD.

The copyright for this document, in whole or in part, is fully owned by:

**Aerospace, Security and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD)** Rue du Trône 100, 1050 Brussels, Belgium <u>www.asd-europe.org</u>

© ASD, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2017, 2021, 2025

(previously AECMA, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004)

ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English is a European Union (EU) registered trademark owned by ASD

® ASD, 2006 (004901195), 2018 (017966390)

### Special usage rights

Irrevocable permission to use, reproduce or publish this document or any subsequent modification or revision thereof, in whole or in part, free of charge, is hereby given to these organizations and institutions:

1. National Associations who are members of ASD, and all their member companies
2. Members of Aerospace Industries Association of America (AIA) and Canada (AIAC)
3. Members of International Coordinating Council of Aerospace Industries Associations (ICCAIA) not included in categories 1 thru 2
4. Customers of companies included in categories 1 thru 3
5. Ministries of Defense of the member countries of ASD, AIA, and AIAC
6. Airlines for America (A4A), formerly known as Air Transport Association of America (ATA)
7. Airworthiness Authorities
8. Universities and research institutes for educational purposes.

### Disclaimer of liability

The purpose of this document, including its writing rules, dictionary entries, and all their related examples, is solely to offer recommendations and definitions intended to assist in technical communication. This document is not intended to create legal obligations or confer legal rights. No part of this document should be interpreted as having legal significance or implications, regardless of the context in which it is used.

# Highlights

This issue 9 of ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English (STE) fully replaces all other issues and revisions.

### Changes

The table that follows includes all changes in this issue 9.

| Subject | Change |
|---|---|
| General changes | |
| Page status | All pages changed to Issue 9. |
| Page date | All pages have the latest issue date (2025-01-15). |
| Typing, various editing<br>and formatting errors | These are corrected, where known. |
| General | STE terminology mostly aligns with ISO standards on terminology work<br>(refer to the general introduction, reference documents).<br>Help (light bulb symbol) added to some rules in part 1 where applicable.<br>All texts in part 1 comply as much as possible with STE. |
| Preliminary pages and g|eneral introduction | |
| Title page | Positions for title and subtitle in the page changed.<br>Subtitle changed to read:<br>"Standard for technical documentation"<br>Issue date changed.<br>Date for ASD copyright changed. |
| Copyright notices | Name of ASD changed.<br>Date for ASD copyright changed.<br>Reference to EU trademark added.<br>Special usage rights revised.<br>Disclaimer of liability revised. |
| Highlights | New text to show the changes included in this issue. |
| Table of contents | Some terms changed. |
| Subject-to-rule index | Revised to align it with the contents of this issue 9. |
| General introduction | Text revised or changed where applicable.<br>Change form revised.<br>List of reference documents added. |

# Page 2 of 434

**HI-1**

**Highlights**

| Part / Section | Change |
|---|---|
| Part 1 – Writing rules | |
| Section 1 – Words | |
| Rule 1.1 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised to include the definitions of technical nouns<br>(noun terms) and technical verbs (verb terms). |
| | The term "technical noun" fully replaces the previous term "technical<br>name" in all parts of the document.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 1.2 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 1.3 | Explanatory texts changed or added where necessary.<br>Texts and sequence of the examples revised or changed. |
| Rule 1.4 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>Summary tables (verbs and adjectives) revised. |
| Rule 1.5 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>Category 21, Law and regulations, added. |
| | Category 22, Animals, plants, and other life forms, added.<br>Category titles fully revised.<br>Short explanatory text added for each category. |
| | New examples of technical nouns added in the applicable categories. |
| | Help added in category 17, Colors, to replace the previous note.<br>Help added at the end of the rule. |
| Rule 1.6 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>New explanatory text and related example added at the end. |
| Rule 1.7 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 1.8 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 1.9 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 1.10 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>New examples added. |

# Page 3 of 434

**HI-2**

**Highlights**

| Part / Section | Change |
|---|---|
| Rule 1.11 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 1.12 | Explanatory text fully revised. |
| | Category 3 changed to include subcategories for applicable subject<br>fields. It fully replaces the previous category 4.<br>New category 4 created.<br>New examples of technical verbs added in the applicable categories.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 1.13 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>Example revised. |
| Rule 1.14 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised.<br>Help added. |
| Section 2 – Multi-word nouns | |
| Title and subtitle | Changed to read: Multi-word nouns. |
| Rule 2.1 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 2.2 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary.<br>New examples added. |
| Rule 2.3 | Removed from section 2 and moved to section 4 to become rule 4.5. |
| Section 3 – Verbs | |
| General | Subtitle before rule 3.1 revised. |
| Rule 3.1 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Table removed.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 3.2 | Wording for rule revised.<br>Table revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised. |
| Rule 3.3 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| Rule 3.4 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |

# Page 4 of 434

**HI-3**

**Highlights**

| Part / Section | Change |
|---|---|
| Rule 3.5 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised where necessary. |
| Rule 3.6 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| | Graphic chart (passive and active voice) revised. |
| Rule 3.7 | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| Section 4 – Sentences | |
| General | Subtitles before rules 4.1 and 4.4 revised.<br>New subtitle before rule 4.5. |
| | Explanatory text before rule 4.1 revised. |
| Rule 4.1 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 4.2 | Explanatory text revised where necessary. |
| Rule 4.3 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>New examples of vertical lists added.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 4.4 | Subtitles revised. |
| | Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| Rule 4.5 | New rule about articles and demonstrative adjectives added to this<br>section (it was previously rule 2.3).<br>Wording for rule revised. |
| | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>New examples added.<br>Help added. |
| Section 5 – Procedural writing | |
| General | Subtitle before rule 5.3 revised. |
| Rule 5.1 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 5.2 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 5.3 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary.<br>New examples added. |

# Page 5 of 434

| Item | Change |
|------|--------|
| Rule 5.4 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| Rule 5.5 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. Explanatory text in the examples revised. New explanatory text and examples added.<br>Help added. |
| Section 6 – Descriptive writing |  |
| Content structure | Explanatory text revised. |
| Rule 6.1 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 6.2 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 6.3 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 6.4 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 6.5 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 6.6 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Section 7 – Safety instructions |  |
| Definitions | Explanatory text added at the end.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 7.1 | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 7.2 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 7.3 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Section 8 – Punctuation and word count |  |
| Punctuation | Explanatory text revised. Reference book added and information revised. |
| Rule 8.1 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| Rule 8.2 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text revised where necessary.<br>Help added. |
| Rule 8.3 | Wording for rule revised. |

# Page 6 of 434

| Item | Change |
|------|--------|
| Rule 8.4 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 8.5 | No changes. |
| Rule 8.6 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory texts and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. 8.6.1. Help added. 8.6.2. Changed to include a revised word count for numbers together<br>with units of measurement. 8.6.7. Proper nouns of individuals, groups, organizations, and<br>geopolitical entities added. Related examples added. |
| Rule 8.7 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Section 9 – Writing practices |  |
| General | Subtitle before rules 9.2 revised. |
| Rule 9.1 | Wording for rule revised. Explanatory texts revised or changed where necessary. How to use a different sentence construction, first example changed. |
| Rule 9.2 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 9.3 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| Rule 9.4 | Explanatory text revised or changed where necessary. |
| General recommendations (GR) |  |
| GR-1 thru GR-6 | Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary. |
| GR-7 | New general recommendation for "Inclusive language" added. |
| GR-8 | New general recommendation for "Possessive form" added. |

# Page 7 of 434

## Part 2 – Dictionary

### Introduction

- Explanatory text and related examples revised or changed where<br>necessary.
- Column 1 (explanation). New explanatory text related to "Verbs" added<br>to include regular, irregular, auxiliary and modal verbs. Related<br>examples added.
- How to select words. Text revised and flowchart revised.<br>List of recurring errors revised.<br>List of approved verbs added.

### Word list

- **General changes:** Column 3 title changed to read: STE EXAMPLE. Column 4 title changed to read: Non-STE example.

### Detailed changes

- NOTE: A word in UPPERCASE letters is approved in STE.<br>A word in lowercase letters is not approved in STE.
- NOTE: The word "revised" tells that only a small number of words are replaced or changed in the applicable texts. The word "changed" tells that the applicable text is fully changed or almost fully changed.

| Word (POS) | Change |
|------------|--------|
| abandon (v) | Approved alternatives inverted. For the second approved alternative STOP (v), STE and non-STE<br>examples changed. |
| ABRASIVE (adj) | STE example revised. |
| acceptable (adj) | Second and third STE examples revised. |
| ACCIDENT (n) | STE example revised. |
| accomplish (v) | Help revised. Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| accumulation (n) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| act (v) | Approved meaning revised. Non-STE example revised. |
| action (n) | TASK (n) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE<br>examples added. |
| activate (v) | Removed from the word list. |
| ACTIVATE (v) | Added to the word list as approved. |
| active (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| ACTIVE (adj) | Added to the word list as approved. |

# Page 8 of 434

<!-- table continues from page 7 -->

|------------|--------|
| activity (n) | TASK (n) and PROCEDURE (n) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. For the approved alternative WORK (n), STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| ADJACENT (adj) | STE example revised. |
| adopt (v) | STE example revised. |
| adverse (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. Help revised. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| advisable (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| advise (v) | First and second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| affect (v) | Help revised. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| AFTER (conj) | STE example revised. |
| AGREE (v) | STE example revised. |
| AID (n) | STE example revised. |
| alert (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| allocate (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| allowable (adj) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| already (adv) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| ALTERNATIVE (adj) | STE example revised. |
| ALTERNATIVE (n) | STE example revised. |
| alternatively (adv) | STE example revised. |
| amendment (n) | First STE example revised. |
| among (prep) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| annotation (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. RECORD (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and nonSTE examples added. |
| another (adj) | ADD (v) removed from the approved alternatives. First and third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| appear (v) | Second and third STE examples revised. |
| APPLY (v) | Second approved alternative added. Related STE examples aligned. |
| APPROVAL (n) | STE example revised. |
| approve (v) | STE example revised. |
| AROUND (prep) | Help added. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| arrest (v) | Second and non-STE examples revised. |

# Page 9 of 434

AS … AS (conj) STE example revised. Help revised. ask (v) First STE and non-STE examples revised. assistance (n) HELP (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. For the approved alternative AID (n), STE and non-STE examples changed. associated (adj) Third and fourth approved alternatives revised. assure (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. AT (prep) Third STE example revised. at least (adv) Removed from the word list. attention (n) First STE and non-STE examples revised. audible (adj) Second STE and non-STE examples revised. AUTHORITY (n) STE example revised. AUTOMATIC (adj) STE example revised. avert (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. aware (adj) First and second STE and non-STE examples changed. AXIAL (adj) STE example revised. BAD (v) Approved meaning revised. Second STE and non-STE examples revised. BE (v) Help revised. bear down (v) Removed from the word list. BECOME (v) Help added. BEFORE (con) STE example revised. below (adv) Added to the word list. beside (prep) STE and non-STE examples revised. big (adj) Help added. blank (v) SEAL (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. blank off (v) Removed from the word list. blank out (v) Removed from the word list. BLEED (v) STE example revised. BLOCKAGE (n) STE example revised. BLOW (v) STE example revised.

# Page 10 of 434

brightness (n) Removed from the word list. brilliance (n) Second non-STE example revised. bring (v) Second STE example revised. brush (v) Examples inverted. BUT (conj) STE example revised. BY (prep) Help removed. by means of (prep) STE example revised. calculation (n) STE and non-STE examples revised. call (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. CAN (v) Approved meaning revised. Help added. Related STE and non-STE examples added. CANCEL (v) Second STE example revised. CANNOT (v) Approved meaning revised. capable (adj) Second STE and non-STE examples revised. care (n) First STE example revised. carry (v) Second STE example revised. carry out (v) Help revised. case (n) Non-STE example revised. centralize (v) Second approved alternative removed. chance (by chance) (n) First STE and non-STE examples revised. characteristic (n) Second STE and non-STE examples revised. check (v) Second STE example revised. CHEMICAL (adj) STE example revised. chock (v) STE example revised. choose (v) ALTERNATIVE (adj) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. clamp (v) Second approved alternative revised. CLEAR (adj) Second approved meaning added. Related STE example added. CLEARLY (adv) Approved meaning revised. click (v) Help removed. Information about verbs that can be technical verbs are included in Rule 1.12. close (adj) STE and non-STE examples revised. coincident (adj) ALIGN (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added.

# Page 11 of 434

collapse (v) First STE and non-STE examples revised. COME (v) Help added. COME ON (v) Help added. communicate (v) TELL (v) removed from the approved alternatives. For the approved alternative SPEAK (v), STE and non-STE examples revised. CONTACT (v), HEAR (v), and COMMUNICATION (n) added as approved alternatives. Related STE and non-STE examples added. communication (n) Removed from the word list. COMMUNICATION (n) Added to the word list as approved. COMPATIBLE (adj) Second STE example revised. compile (v) Third STE and non-STE examples revised. completely (adv) STE example revised. comply (v) First STE and non-STE examples revised. Help revised. COMPONENT (n) STE example revised. compulsory (adj) STE and non-STE examples revised. confirm (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. conclusion (n) First STE example revised. CONNECT (v) Second STE example revised. consecutively (adv) SEQUENCE (n) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. consequence (n) STE and non-STE examples revised. contact (v) Removed from the word list. CONTACT (v) Added to the word list as approved. cool (v) Second STE example revised. correspond (v) Second STE example revised. critical (adj) First STE and non-STE examples revised. cycle (v) Approved alternative changed. DAMAGE (n) STE example revised. damp (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. danger (n) Help revised. deactivate (v) Removed from the word list. DEACTIVATE (v) Added to the word list as approved.

# Page 12 of 434

decrease (n) STE example revised. deep (adj) Removed from the word list. DEEP (adj) Added to the word list as approved. DEFLATE (v) First STE example revised. de-ice (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. delay (n) First STE example revised. delete (v) First STE and non-STE examples revised. Help removed. Information about verbs that can be technical verbs are included in Rule 1.12. demand (v) MANDATORY (adj) removed as the approved alternative. NECESSARY (adj) added as the approved alternative. Related STE example changed. DEPLOY (v) First STE example revised. design (v) Non-STE example revised. destroy (v) UNSERVICEABLE (adj) removed as the approved alternative. BREAK (v) added as the approved alternative. Related STE example changed. dim (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. DIMENSION (n) STE example revised. DISENGAGE (v) First STE example revised. dispose of (v) STE and non-STE examples revised. disposition (n) First STE example revised. DISTANCE (n) STE example revised. distinctly (adv) STE and non-STE examples revised. distort (v) STE example revised. disturb (v) First STE example revised. DO (v) Second approved meaning revised. don (v) First STE example revised. Second STE and non-STE examples revised. double (adj) Removed from the word list. drag (v) Help removed. Information about verbs that can be technical verbs are included in Rule 1.12. dress (v) First and second STE and non-STE examples changed. DRINK (v) Help added. DRY (v) Second STE example revised.

# Page 13 of 434

|---|---|
| EACH (adj) | STE example revised. |
| EAT (v) | Help added. |
| either (conj) | ONE (TN) OF THE TWO (TN) removed as the approved alternative. |
| OR (conj) | added as the approved alternative. |
| either (pron) | Approved alternative changed. STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| ELECTRIC (adj) | STE example revised. |
| ELECTROMAGNETIC | STE example revised. |
| (adj) ELECTROMAGSTE | example revised. |
| NETICALLY (adv) employ (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| HAVE | added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| entail (v) | Removed from the word list. |
| enter (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. Help removed. Information about verbs that can be technical verbs are included in Rule 1.12. |
| entire (adj) | First and non-STE examples revised. |
| equal (v) | First and second STE examples revised. |
| erect (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| essential (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| establish (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| ESTIMATE (n) | STE example revised. |
| except (prep) | Help revised. |
| exception (n) | Help revised. |
| exceptional (adj) | STE example revised. |
| excess (n) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| excessively (adv) | First and second and non-STE examples revised. |
| excluding (prep) | STE example revised. |
| exert (v) | STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| PUT (v) | added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| exhaust (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| explain (v) | STE example revised. |

# Page 14 of 434

|---|---|
| EXTERNALLY (adj) | STE example revised. |
| EXTINGUISH (v) | First, second, and third STE examples revised. |
| extremely (adv) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| exude (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| FACE (n) | Help revised. |
| face (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| facility (n) | Help revised. |
| failure (n) | Help revised. |
| fear (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| feasible (adj) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. Second STE example revised. |
| few (adj) | Help revised. |
| fine (adj) | STE example revised. |
| flaw (n) | Help revised. |
| FLOW (n) | STE example revised. |
| FLOW (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| FOLD (v) | Second STE example changed. |
| forbidden (adj) | DO NOT added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
|  | Second STE and non-STE examples for NOT PERMITTED changed. |
| force (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| forecast (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| foremost (adj) | Added to the word list. |
| FREE (adj) | Help revised. |
| fuel (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| FUNCTION (n) | Approved meaning revised. |
| fundamental (adj) | STE example revised. |
| furnish (v) | Removed from the word list. |
| further (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| gain (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| gap (n) | Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| garbled (adj) | Spelling corrected. Second STE and non-STE example changed. |
| gauge (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |

# Page 15 of 434

|---|---|
| generally (adv) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| generate (v) | Second STE example revised. Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| generous (adj) | Help revised. |
| generously (adv) | Help revised. |
| gently (adv) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| GET (v) | Help revised. |
| get away (v) | Part of speech removed in the approved alternative. |
| get down (v) | Part of speech removed in the second approved alternative. |
| get into (v) | Part of speech removed in the approved alternative. |
| get off (v) | Part of speech removed in the approved alternative. |
| get to (v) | First and second STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| GIVE (v) | STE example revised. |
| glitch (v) | First, second, and third STE examples revised. |
| GO (v) | Help added. |
| GO OFF (v) | Help added. |
| gradient (n) | STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| graduated (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| great (adj) | Second STE example revised. |
| gush (v) | STE example revised. |
| handle (v) | USE (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| haul (v) | First and second and non-STE examples revised. |
| HAVE (v) | Help revised. |
| have to (v) | MUST (v) removed as an approved alternative. Help included to replace MUST (v). Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| hazard (n) | Help added. |
| hazardous (adj) | Help added. |
| helpful (adj) | STE example revised. |
| hoist (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| however (adv) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| hurt (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| IGNORE (v) | Second STE example revised. |

# Page 16 of 434

|---|---|
| ILLUMINATE (v) | Approved meaning revised. STE example changed. |
| IMMEDIATELY (adv) | STE example revised. |
| imperative (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| IN (prep) | Third STE example revised. |
| inactive (adj) | NOT ACTIVE added as the approved alternative. All previous alternatives removed. |
| indicate (v) | SPECIFIED (adj) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| injure (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| inside (prep) | Second STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| interference (n) | Help revised. |
| INVESTIGATION (n) | Approved meaning revised. |
| IT (pron) | Approved meaning revised. Second approved meaning added. Related STE example added. |
| later (adv) | Help revised. |
| left-hand (adj) | STE example revised. |
| less (prep) | Removed from the word list. |
| LET (v) | Help added. |
| LIGHT (adj) | Third STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| locate (v) | Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| LOCK (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| LONG (adj) | Approved meaning changed. Second and third STE examples added. |
| longer (no longer) | First approved alternative MAXIMUM LENGTH removed. |
| LOOSE (adj) | Second STE example revised. |
| LUBRICATE (v) | STE example revised. |
| MAGNETIC (adj) | STE example revised. |
| MAGNETICALLY (adv) | STE example revised. |
| magnetized (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| main (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| maintain (v) | Second STE example revised. Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| MAINTENANCE (v) | STE example revised. |
| MANDATORY (adj) | Help added. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |

# Page 17 of 434

|------------|--------|
| MANUAL (adj) | STE example revised. |
| MANUAL (n) | Approved meaning revised. STE example revised. |
| MANY (adj) | Approved meaning revised. Help revised. |
| MATERIAL (n) | Approved meaning revised to include the second part of the meaning. |
| metallic (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| MINIMUM (adj) | STE example revised. |
| MINUS (prep) | STE example revised. |
| MIX (v) | Second STE example changed. |
| modify (v) | First STE example revised. |
| MODIFICATION (TN) | added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| MORE (adj) | Help removed and approved meaning added. STE example added. |
| MORE (adv) | Added to the word list as approved. |
| MOST (adj) | Help removed and approved meaning added. STE example added. |
| MOST (adv) | Added to the word list as approved. |
| MUST (v) | Approved meaning revised. |
| NAME (n) | First and second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| NEAR (adj) | STE example revised. |
| NEAR (prep) | Second STE example revised. |
| NECESSARY (adj) | STE example revised. |
| need (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| neutralize (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| NEXT (adj) | STE example revised. |
| next to (prep) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| noisy (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| normal (adj) | First and second STE examples revised. |
| normally (adv) | First STE and non-STE examples revised |
| NOT (adv) | STE example revised. |
| note (v) | STE example revised. |
| notify (v) | CONTACT (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and nonSTE examples added. |
| ON (adv) | First STE example revised. |

# Page 18 of 434

|------------|--------|
| ONE (pron) | Help revised. |
| operable (adj) | Non-STE example revised. |
| operational (adj) | Help added. Related STE example added. |
| opportunity (n) | Help revised. |
| option (n) | ALTERNATIVE (n) and CAN (v) added as approved alternatives. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| OVER (prep) | Removed from the word list. |
| over (prep) | Fourth STE example revised. Help and related examples added. |
| OVERLAP (n) | STE example revised. |
| PARALLEL (adj) | STE example revised. |
| PARK (v) | STE example revised. |
| PART (n) | First approved meaning revised. Related STE example revised. |
| part (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| PARTICLE (n) | STE example revised. |
| particularly (adv) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| PASTE (n) | STE example revised. |
| people (n) | First approved alternative revised. Help added. |
| per (prep) | Second STE example revised. |
| perform (v) | Help revised. MEASURE (v) added as the approved alternative. |
| PERFORMANCE (n) | First and second STE examples revised. |
| periodically (adv) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| PERMANENT (adj) | STE example revised. |
| PERMANENTLY (adv) | STE example revised. |
| persist (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| PERSON (n) | STE example changed. |
| PERSONNEL (n) | STE example changed. |
| pertinent (adj) | Added to the word list. |
| picket (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| placard (v) | STE example revised. |
| place (n) | First STE example revised. |
| PLAY (n) | STE example revised. |
| PLUS (prep) | STE example revised. |

# Page 19 of 434

|------------|--------|
| PNEUMATICALLY (adv) | STE example revised. |
| POINT (n) | Second STE example revised. |
| POINT (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| POISONOUS (adj) | STE example revised. |
| poor (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| pop (v) | PROTRUDE (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE added. |
| portion (n) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| POSITION (n) | Second STE example changed. |
| position (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| POSSIBLE (adj) | STE example changed. |
| power (v) | STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| practice (n) | Removed from the word list. |
| precisely (adv) | STE and non STE examples revised. |
| preferable (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| preferably (adv) | Approved alternative changed. STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| preload (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| PREPARE (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| prescribed (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| present (v) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| PRESSURIZE (v) | STE example revised. |
| preventive (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| previous (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| PREVIOUS (adj) | Added to the word list as approved. |
| previously (adv) | Removed from the word list. |
| PREVIOUSLY (adv) | Added to the word list as approved. |
| prime (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| principal (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| prior to (prep) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| priority (n) | STE example revised. |
| probability (n) | STE example revised. |
| probable (adj) | Part of speech removed from the approved alternative to read VERY POSSIBLE. First approved alternative revised. |

# Page 20 of 434

|------------|--------|
| probe (v) | STE example revised. |
| PROBLEM (n) | STE example revised. |
| PROCEDURE (n) | STE example revised. |
| process (n) | Help revised. STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| process (v) | Approved alternative changed. STE example revised. |
| produce (v) | First, second, and fourth STE and non-STE examples revised. Third STE examples revised. |
| product (n) | Help and new related examples added. MATERIAL (n) removed as the approved alternative. |
| prompt (adj) | STE example revised. |
| propagation (n) | Help revised. |
| PROPORTION (n) | First STE example revised. |
| protect (v) | Non-STE example revised. |
| protrude (v) | Removed from the word list. |
| PROTRUDE (v) | Added to the word list as approved. |
| provide (v) | First and second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| provided (that) (conj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| providing (that) (conj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| proximity (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| pump (v) | Approved alternative revised. STE and non-STE examples revised. Second approved alternative added. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| purpose (n) | Removed from the word list. |
| PUT (v) | Help added. |
| PUT ON (v) | Help added. |
| QUALITY (n) | STE example revised. |
| QUANTITY (n) | First STE example revised. |
| raise (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| RANDOM (adj) | STE example revised. |
| rapid (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| rapidly (adv) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| reactivate (v) | ACTIVATE (v) added as the approved alternative. OPERATE (v) and START (v) removed as approved alternatives. |
| readjust (v) | STE example revised. |

# Page 21 of 434

|---|---|
| real (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| rebuild (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| recoil (v) | Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| RECOMMEND (v) | STE example revised. |
| recover (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| rectify (v) | STE example revised. |
| reduce (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| REFER (v) | First STE example revised. |
| referenced (adj) | Approved alternative changed. STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| REFUEL (v) | STE example revised. |
| reinstall (v) | STE example revised. |
| rejection (n) | STE example revised. |
| relay (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| relevant (adj) | Second and third approved alternatives revised. |
| REMAINING (adj) | STE example revised. |
| REMOVAL (n) | STE example revised. |
| renovate (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| REPAIR (n) | STE example changed. |
| replenish (v) | Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| require (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| rest (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| rest (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| resume (v) | First STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| reuse (v) | STE example revised. |
| reverse (adj) | Help revised. |
| review (n) | EXAMINE (v) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and nonSTE examples added. |
| rework (v) | Help revised. STE and non-STE example revised. |
| rise (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SAFE (adj) | STE example revised. |
| SAFETY (v) | First STE example revised. |
| safety-clip (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| SAMPLE (n) | STE example revised. |

# Page 22 of 434

|---|---|
| sample (v) | STE example revised. |
| scrape (v) | STE example revised. |
| SECONDARY (adj) | STE example changed. |
| SEE (v) | Second non-STE example revised. |
| SELECT (v) | Third STE example revised. |
| separate (adj) | Sequence of the approved alternatives changed. |
| separate (adj) | DIFFERENT (adj) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. Part of speech for the first approved alternative changed. |
| separately (adv) | Added to the word list. |
| serve (v) | Help revised. |
| settle (v) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| severe (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| sharply (adv) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SHORT (adj) | Help revised. |
| shorten (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| should (v) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SHOW (v) | First STE example revised. |
| similar (adj) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| simultaneous (adj) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| single (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| situation (n) | Added to the word list. |
| size (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| skid (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| slip (v) | First and third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SLOPE (n) | STE example revised. |
| SMALL (adj) | STE example revised. |
| snap (v) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| soften (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SOLID (n) | STE example changed. |
| SOLUTION (n) | Second STE example changed. |
| SOMETHING (pron) | STE example revised. |
| SOURCE (n) | First and second STE examples changed. |

# Page 23 of 434

|---|---|
| soon (adv) | Help revised. |
| spark (n) | STE example revised. |
| specific (adj) | APPROVED (adj) added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SPECIAL (adj) | removed from the approved alternatives. |
| SPEED (n) | STE example changed. |
| spillage (n) | First STE example revised. |
| split (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| split (v) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| stability (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| stabilization (n) | STE example revised. |
| STABLE (adj) | STE example revised. |
| stage (n) | STE example revised. |
| stained (adj) | First STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| stamp (v) | Approved alternative revised. New approved alternative added. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| stationary (adj) | Second STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| STAY (v) | Help added. STE example revised. |
| sticky (adj) | STE example revised. |
| store (v) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| strain (v) | First STE example revised. |
| strap (v) | STE example revised. |
| strike (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| STRONG (adj) | STE example revised. |
| STRUCTURAL (adj) | STE example changed. |
| subject (v) | Removed from the word list. |
| SUBSEQUENTLY | Second STE example revised. (adv) |
| substance (n) | Non-STE example revised. |
| substitute (adj) | First STE example revised. |
| suck (v) | Approved alternative revised. STE example revised. |
| suitable (adj) | First STE example revised suitably (adv) STE and non-STE examples revised. |

# Page 24 of 434

|---|---|
| SUPPLY (v) | Second approved meaning added. Related STE example added. |
| support (n) | First and second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| support (v) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SURFACE (n) | STE example revised. |
| suspect (adj) | STE example revised. |
| suspect (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| SWALLOW (v) | STE example revised. |
| switch (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| switch off (v) | SET (v) included as an approved alternative to replace SWITCH (TN). STE example revised. |
| DE-ENERGIZE (v) | added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non STE examples added. Existing STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| switch on (v) | SET (v) included as an approved alternative to replace SWITCH (TN). STE example revised. |
| ENERGIZE (v) | added as an approved alternative. Related STE and non-STE examples added. |
| SYMMETRICAL (adj) | STE example revised. |
| SYNCHRONIZED (adj) | Second STE example revised. |
| TAG (v) | STE example revised. |
| take (v) | Second and fourth STE examples revised. Third STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| take care (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| tape (v) | STE example revised. |
| taped (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| TASK (n) | STE example revised. |
| TELESCOPIC (adj) | STE example changed. |
| TELL (v) | First and second STE examples changed. |
| test (v) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| THAT (conj) | Help added. |
| THEM (pron) | STE example revised. |
| THEN (adv) | STE example revised. |
| THERE (pron) | STE example revised. |
| THESE (adj) | STE example revised. |
| THICK (adj) | Approved meaning revised. First STE example added. |

# Page 25 of 434

|------------|--------|
| THICKNESS (n) | Approved meaning revised. STE example revised. |
| THIS (pron) | Help added. STE example revised. |
| thorough (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| triple (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| TO (prep) | First STE example revised. |
| TOTAL (adj) | STE example revised. |
| TOW (v) | STE example revised. |
| true (adj) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| turn off (v) | Added to the word list. |
| turn on (v) | Added to the word list. |
| turn over (v) | Added to the word list. |
| under (prep) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. Third STE example revised. |
| undertake (v) | Help revised. START (v) added as an approved alternative. |
| uneven (adj) | Second STE example revised. |
| UNIT (n) | First STE example revised. |
| UNLOCK (v) | First STE example revised. |
| upon (prep) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| unrestricted (adj) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| unscrew (v) | Sequence of the approved alternatives changed. STE and non-STE examples for REMOVE (v) revised. |
| usage (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| using (v) | Removed from the word list. |
| use (n) | Second example revised. |
| USE (v) | First and third STE examples revised. |
| USUALLY (adv) | STE example revised. |
| utilize (v) | STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| valid (adj) | Help revised. Third STE example revised. |
| VALUE (n) | STE example revised. |
| verbal (adj) | Removed from the word list. |
| verify (v) | Non-STE example revised. |

# Page 26 of 434

|------------|--------|
| visible (adj) | Second STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| VISUAL (adj) | Approved meaning revised. STE example revised. |
| vital (adj) | IMPORTANT (adj) and NECESSARY (adj) removed from the approved alternatives. |
| MANDATORY (adj) | STE and non-STE examples for the approved alternative changed. |
| WARM (adj) | STE example revised. |
| WE (pron) | Approved meaning revised. |
| WEAR (v) | Third STE example revised. |
| weep (n) | STE and non-STE examples revised. |
| WEIGH (v) | Second STE example revised. |
| WEIGHT (n) | STE example revised. |
| well (adv) | Third STE example revised. |
| whenever (pron) | STE example revised. |
| whichever (adj) | Added to the word list. |
| whichever (pron) | STE and non-STE examples changed. |
| WHO (pron) | STE example revised. |
| WIDE (adj) | Approved meaning revised. STE example revised. |
| WILL (v) | Help revised. Approved meaning revised. |
| WITH (prep) | Help added. |
| WITHOUT (prep) | STE example revised. |
| wrong (adj) | STE example revised. |
| yet (conj) | Second approved alternative removed. |
| yet (adv) | Added to the word list. |
| YOU (pron) | Second STE example added. |

# Page 27 of 434

## Table of Contents

| Subject | Page number |
|---------|-------------|
| Title page | --- |
| Copyright notices | --- |
| Highlights | HI-1 |
| Table of contents | TOC-1 |
| Subject-to-rule index | SRI-1 |
| General introduction | i |
| Part 1 – Writing rules | 1-0-1 |
| Section 1 – Words | 1-1-1 |
| Section 2 – Multi-word nouns | 1-2-1 |
| Section 3 – Verbs | 1-3-1 |
| Section 4 – Sentences | 1-4-1 |
| Section 5 – Procedural writing | 1-5-1 |
| Section 6 – Descriptive writing | 1-6-1 |
| Section 7 – Safety instructions | 1-7-1 |
| Section 8 – Punctuation and word count | 1-8-1 |
| Section 9 – Writing practices | 1-9-1 |
| Part 2 – Dictionary | 2-0-1 |
| Introduction | 2-0-3 |
| Word list | 2-1-A1 |
