# Copyright 2019-2022 by Robert T. Miller.  All rights reserved.
# This file is part of the Biopython distribution and governed by your
# choice of the "Biopython License Agreement" or the "BSD 3-Clause License".
# Please see the LICENSE file that should have been included as part of this
# package.

"""PICIO: read and write Protein Internal Coordinate (.pic) data files."""

import re
from datetime import date
from io import StringIO
from typing import Optional
from typing import TextIO
from typing import Union

import numpy as np

from Bio import SeqIO
from Bio.Data.PDBData import protein_letters_1to3
from Bio.File import as_handle
from Bio.PDB.ic_data import dihedra_primary_defaults
from Bio.PDB.ic_data import dihedra_secondary_defaults
from Bio.PDB.ic_data import dihedra_secondary_xoxt_defaults
from Bio.PDB.ic_data import hedra_defaults
from Bio.PDB.ic_data import ic_data_backbone
from Bio.PDB.ic_data import ic_data_sidechains
from Bio.PDB.internal_coords import AtomKey
from Bio.PDB.internal_coords import Dihedron
from Bio.PDB.internal_coords import Edron
from Bio.PDB.internal_coords import Hedron
from Bio.PDB.internal_coords import IC_Chain
from Bio.PDB.internal_coords import IC_Residue
from Bio.PDB.parse_pdb_header import _parse_pdb_header_list
from Bio.PDB.PDBExceptions import PDBException
from Bio.PDB.Residue import Residue
from Bio.PDB.Structure import Structure
from Bio.PDB.StructureBuilder import StructureBuilder


# @profile
def read_PIC(
    file: TextIO,
    verbose: bool = False,
    quick: bool = False,
    defaults: bool = False,
) -> Structure:
    """Load Protein Internal Coordinate (.pic) data from file.

    PIC file format:
        - comment lines start with #
        - (optional) PDB HEADER record
           - idcode and deposition date recommended but optional
           - deposition date in PDB format or as changed by Biopython
        - (optional) PDB TITLE record
        - repeat:
           - Biopython Residue Full ID - sets residue IDs of returned structure
           - (optional) PDB N, CA, C ATOM records for chain start
           - (optional) PIC Hedra records for residue
           - (optional) PIC Dihedra records for residue
           - (optional) BFAC records listing AtomKeys and b-factors

    An improvement would define relative positions for HOH (water) entries.

    Defaults will be supplied for any value if defaults=True.  Default values
    are supplied in ic_data.py, but structures degrade quickly with any
    deviation from true coordinates.  Experiment with
    :data:`Bio.PDB.internal_coords.IC_Residue.pic_flags` options to
    :func:`write_PIC` to verify this.

    N.B. dihedron (i-1)C-N-CA-CB is ignored in assembly if O exists.

    C-beta is by default placed using O-C-CA-CB, but O is missing
    in some PDB file residues, which means the sidechain cannot be
    placed.  The alternate CB path (i-1)C-N-CA-CB is provided to
    circumvent this, but if this is needed then it must be adjusted in
    conjunction with PHI ((i-1)C-N-CA-C) as they overlap (see :meth:`.bond_set`
    and :meth:`.bond_rotate` to handle this automatically).

    :param Bio.File file: :func:`.as_handle` file name or handle
    :param bool verbose: complain when lines not as expected
    :param bool quick: don't check residues for all dihedra (no default values)
    :param bool defaults: create di/hedra as needed from reference database.
        Amide proton created if 'H' is in IC_Residue.accept_atoms
    :returns: Biopython Structure object, Residues with .internal_coord
        attributes but no coordinates except for chain start N, CA, C atoms if
        supplied, **OR** None on parse fail (silent unless verbose=True)

    """
    proton = "H" in IC_Residue.accept_atoms

    pdb_hdr_re = re.compile(
        r"^HEADER\s{4}(?P<cf>.{1,40})"
        r"(?:\s+(?P<dd>\d\d\d\d-\d\d-\d\d|\d\d-\w\w\w-\d\d))?"
        r"(?:\s+(?P<id>[0-9A-Z]{4}))?\s*$"
    )
    pdb_ttl_re = re.compile(r"^TITLE\s{5}(?P<ttl>.+)\s*$")
    biop_id_re = re.compile(
        r"^\('(?P<pid>[^\s]*)',\s(?P<mdl>\d+),\s"
        r"'(?P<chn>\s|\w)',\s\('(?P<het>\s|[\w\s-]+)"
        r"',\s(?P<pos>-?\d+),\s'(?P<icode>\s|\w)'\)\)"
        r"\s+(?P<res>[\w]{1,3})"
        r"(\s\[(?P<segid>[a-zA-Z\s]+)\])?"
        r"\s*$"
    )
    pdb_atm_re = re.compile(
        r"^ATOM\s\s(?:\s*(?P<ser>\d+))\s(?P<atm>[\w\s]{4})"
        r"(?P<alc>\w|\s)(?P<res>[\w]{3})\s(?P<chn>.)"
        r"(?P<pos>[\s\-\d]{4})(?P<icode>[A-Za-z\s])\s\s\s"
        r"(?P<x>[\s\-\d\.]{8})(?P<y>[\s\-\d\.]{8})"
        r"(?P<z>[\s\-\d\.]{8})(?P<occ>[\s\d\.]{6})"
        r"(?P<tfac>[\s\d\.]{6})\s{6}"
        r"(?P<segid>[a-zA-Z\s]{4})(?P<elm>.{2})"
        r"(?P<chg>.{2})?\s*$"
    )
    pdbx_atm_re = re.compile(
        r"^ATOM\s\s(?:\s*(?P<ser>\d+))\s(?P<atm>[\w\s]{4})"
        r"(?P<alc>\w|\s)(?P<res>[\w]{3})\s(?P<chn>.)"
        r"(?P<pos>[\s\-\d]{4})(?P<icode>[A-Za-z\s])\s\s\s"
        r"(?P<x>[\s\-\d\.]{10})(?P<y>[\s\-\d\.]{10})"
        r"(?P<z>[\s\-\d\.]{10})(?P<occ>[\s\d\.]{7})"
        r"(?P<tfac>[\s\d\.]{6})\s{6}"
        r"(?P<segid>[a-zA-Z\s]{4})(?P<elm>.{2})"
        r"(?P<chg>.{2})?\s*$"
    )
    bfac_re = re.compile(
        r"^BFAC:\s([^\s]+\s+[\-\d\.]+)"
        r"\s*([^\s]+\s+[\-\d\.]+)?"
        r"\s*([^\s]+\s+[\-\d\.]+)?"
        r"\s*([^\s]+\s+[\-\d\.]+)?"
        r"\s*([^\s]+\s+[\-\d\.]+)?"
    )
    bfac2_re = re.compile(r"([^\s]+)\s+([\-\d\.]+)")
    struct_builder = StructureBuilder()

    # init empty header dict
    # - could use to parse HEADER and TITLE lines except
    #   deposition_date format changed from original PDB header
    header_dict = _parse_pdb_header_list([])

    curr_SMCS = [None, None, None, None]  # struct model chain seg
    SMCS_init = [
        struct_builder.init_structure,
        struct_builder.init_model,
        struct_builder.init_chain,
        struct_builder.init_seg,
    ]

    sb_res = None
    rkl = None
    sb_chain = None
    sbcic = None
    sbric = None

    akc = {}
    hl12 = {}
    ha = {}
    hl23 = {}
    da = {}
    bfacs = {}

    orphan_aks = set()  # []

    tr = []  # this residue
    pr = []  # previous residue

    def akcache(akstr: str) -> AtomKey:
        """Maintain dictionary of AtomKeys seen while reading this PIC file."""
        # akstr: full AtomKey string read from .pic file, includes residue info
        try:
            return akc[akstr]
        except KeyError:
            ak = akc[akstr] = AtomKey(akstr)
            return ak

    def link_residues(ppr: list[Residue], pr: list[Residue]) -> None:
        """Set next and prev links between i-1 and i-2 residues."""
        for p_r in pr:
            pric = p_r.internal_coord
            for p_p_r in ppr:
                ppric = p_p_r.internal_coord
                if p_r.id[0] == " ":  # not heteroatoms
                    if pric not in ppric.rnext:
                        ppric.rnext.append(pric)
                if p_p_r.id[0] == " ":
                    if ppric not in pric.rprev:
                        pric.rprev.append(ppric)

    def process_hedron(
        a1: str,
        a2: str,
        a3: str,
        l12: str,
        ang: str,
        l23: str,
        ric: IC_Residue,
    ) -> tuple:
        """Create Hedron on current (sbcic) Chain.internal_coord."""
        ek = (akcache(a1), akcache(a2), akcache(a3))
        atmNdx = AtomKey.fields.atm
        accept = IC_Residue.accept_atoms
        if not all(ek[i].akl[atmNdx] in accept for i in range(3)):
            return
        hl12[ek] = float(l12)
        ha[ek] = float(ang)
        hl23[ek] = float(l23)
        sbcic.hedra[ek] = ric.hedra[ek] = h = Hedron(ek)
        h.cic = sbcic
        ak_add(ek, ric)
        return ek

    def default_hedron(ek: tuple, ric: IC_Residue) -> None:
        """Create Hedron based on same re_class hedra in ref database.

        Adds Hedron to current Chain.internal_coord, see ic_data for default
        values and reference database source.
        """
        atomkeys = []
        hkey = None

        atmNdx = AtomKey.fields.atm
        resNdx = AtomKey.fields.resname
        resPos = AtomKey.fields.respos
        atomkeys = [ek[i].akl for i in range(3)]

        atpl = tuple([atomkeys[i][atmNdx] for i in range(3)])
        res = atomkeys[0][resNdx]

        if (
            atomkeys[0][resPos]
            != atomkeys[2][resPos]  # hedra crosses amide bond so not reversed
            or atpl == ("N", "CA", "C")  # or chain start tau
            or atpl in ic_data_backbone  # or found forward hedron in ic_data
            or (res not in ["A", "G"] and atpl in ic_data_sidechains[res])
        ):
            hkey = ek
            rhcl = [atomkeys[i][resNdx] + atomkeys[i][atmNdx] for i in range(3)]
            try:
                dflts = hedra_defaults["".join(rhcl)][0]
            except KeyError:
                if atomkeys[0][resPos] == atomkeys[1][resPos]:
                    rhcl = [atomkeys[i][resNdx] + atomkeys[i][atmNdx] for i in range(2)]
                    rhc = "".join(rhcl) + "X" + atomkeys[2][atmNdx]
                else:
                    rhcl = [
                        atomkeys[i][resNdx] + atomkeys[i][atmNdx] for i in range(1, 3)
                    ]
                    rhc = "X" + atomkeys[0][atmNdx] + "".join(rhcl)
                dflts = hedra_defaults[rhc][0]
        else:
            # must be reversed or fail
            hkey = ek[::-1]
            rhcl = [atomkeys[i][resNdx] + atomkeys[i][atmNdx] for i in range(2, -1, -1)]
            dflts = hedra_defaults["".join(rhcl)][0]

        process_hedron(
            str(hkey[0]),
            str(hkey[1]),
            str(hkey[2]),
            dflts[0],
            dflts[1],
            dflts[2],
            ric,
        )

        if verbose:
            print(f" default for {ek}")

    def hedra_check(dk: tuple, ric: IC_Residue) -> None:
        """Confirm both hedra present for dihedron key, use default if set."""
        if dk[0:3] not in sbcic.hedra and dk[2::-1] not in sbcic.hedra:
            if defaults:
                default_hedron(dk[0:3], ric)
            else:
                print(f"{dk} missing h1")
        if dk[1:4] not in sbcic.hedra and dk[3:0:-1] not in sbcic.hedra:
            if defaults:
                default_hedron(dk[1:4], ric)
            else:
                print(f"{dk} missing h2")

    def process_dihedron(
        a1: str, a2: str, a3: str, a4: str, dangle: str, ric: IC_Residue
    ) -> set:
        """Create Dihedron on current Chain.internal_coord."""
        ek = (
            akcache(a1),
            akcache(a2),
            akcache(a3),
            akcache(a4),
        )
        atmNdx = AtomKey.fields.atm
        accept = IC_Residue.accept_atoms
        if not all(ek[i].akl[atmNdx] in accept for i in range(4)):
            return
        dangle = float(dangle)
        dangle = dangle if (dangle <= 180.0) else dangle - 360.0
        dangle = dangle if (dangle >= -180.0) else dangle + 360.0
        da[ek] = float(dangle)
        sbcic.dihedra[ek] = ric.dihedra[ek] = d = Dihedron(ek)
        d.cic = sbcic
        if not quick:
            hedra_check(ek, ric)
        ak_add(ek, ric)
        return ek

    def default_dihedron(ek: list, ric: IC_Residue) -> None:
        """Create Dihedron based on same residue class dihedra in ref database.

        Adds Dihedron to current Chain.internal_coord, see ic_data for default
        values and reference database source.
        """
        atmNdx = AtomKey.fields.atm
        resNdx = AtomKey.fields.resname
        resPos = AtomKey.fields.respos

        rdclass = ""
        dclass = ""
        for ak in ek:
            dclass += ak.akl[atmNdx]
            rdclass += ak.akl[resNdx] + ak.akl[atmNdx]
        if dclass == "NCACN":
            rdclass = rdclass[0:7] + "XN"
        elif dclass == "CACNCA":
            rdclass = "XCAXC" + rdclass[5:]
        elif dclass == "CNCAC":
            rdclass = "XC" + rdclass[2:]
        if rdclass in dihedra_primary_defaults:
            process_dihedron(
                str(ek[0]),
                str(ek[1]),
                str(ek[2]),
                str(ek[3]),
                dihedra_primary_defaults[rdclass][0],
                ric,
            )

            if verbose:
                print(f" default for {ek}")

        elif rdclass in dihedra_secondary_defaults:
            primAngle, offset = dihedra_secondary_defaults[rdclass]
            rname = ek[2].akl[resNdx]
            rnum = int(ek[2].akl[resPos])
            paKey = None
            if primAngle == ("N", "CA", "C", "N") and ek[0].ric.rnext != []:
                paKey = [
                    AtomKey((rnum, None, rname, primAngle[x], None, None))
                    for x in range(3)
                ]
                rnext = ek[0].ric.rnext
                paKey.append(
                    AtomKey(
                        (
                            rnext[0].rbase[0],
                            None,
                            rnext[0].rbase[2],
                            "N",
                            None,
                            None,
                        )
                    )
                )
                paKey = tuple(paKey)
            elif primAngle == ("CA", "C", "N", "CA"):
                prname = pr.akl[0][resNdx]
                prnum = pr.akl[0][resPos]
                paKey = [
                    AtomKey(prnum, None, prname, primAngle[x], None, None)
                    for x in range(2)
                ]
                paKey.add(
                    [
                        AtomKey((rnum, None, rname, primAngle[x], None, None))
                        for x in range(2, 4)
                    ]
                )
                paKey = tuple(paKey)
            else:
                paKey = tuple(
                    AtomKey((rnum, None, rname, atm, None, None)) for atm in primAngle
                )

            if paKey in da:
                angl = da[paKey] + dihedra_secondary_defaults[rdclass][1]
                process_dihedron(
                    str(ek[0]),
                    str(ek[1]),
                    str(ek[2]),
                    str(ek[3]),
                    angl,
                    ric,
                )

                if verbose:
                    print(f" secondary default for {ek}")

            elif rdclass in dihedra_secondary_xoxt_defaults:
                if primAngle == ("C", "N", "CA", "C"):  # primary for alt cb
                    # no way to trigger alt cb with default=True
                    # because will generate default N-CA-C-O
                    prname = pr.akl[0][resNdx]
                    prnum = pr.akl[0][resPos]
                    paKey = [AtomKey(prnum, None, prname, primAngle[0], None, None)]
                    paKey.add(
                        [
                            AtomKey((rnum, None, rname, primAngle[x], None, None))
                            for x in range(1, 4)
                        ]
                    )
                    paKey = tuple(paKey)
                else:
                    primAngle, offset = dihedra_secondary_xoxt_defaults[rdclass]
                    rname = ek[2].akl[resNdx]
                    rnum = int(ek[2].akl[resPos])
                    paKey = tuple(
                        AtomKey((rnum, None, rname, atm, None, None))
                        for atm in primAngle
                    )

                if paKey in da:
                    angl = da[paKey] + offset
                    process_dihedron(
                        str(ek[0]),
                        str(ek[1]),
                        str(ek[2]),
                        str(ek[3]),
                        angl,
                        ric,
                    )

                    if verbose:
                        print(f" oxt default for {ek}")

                else:
                    print(
                        f"missing primary angle {paKey} {primAngle} to "
                        f"generate {rnum}{rname} {rdclass}"
                    )
        else:
            print(
                f"missing {ek} -> {rdclass} ({dclass}) not found in primary or"
                " secondary defaults"
            )

    def dihedra_check(ric: IC_Residue) -> None:
        """Look for required dihedra in residue, generate defaults if set."""
        # This method has some internal functions

        # rnext should be set
        def ake_recurse(akList: list) -> list:
            """Build combinatorics of AtomKey lists."""
            car = akList[0]
            if len(akList) > 1:
                retList = []
                for ak in car:
                    cdr = akList[1:]
                    rslt = ake_recurse(cdr)
                    for r in rslt:
                        r.insert(0, ak)
                        retList.append(r)
                return retList
            else:
                if len(car) == 1:
                    return [list(car)]
                else:
                    retList = [[ak] for ak in car]
                    return retList

        def ak_expand(eLst: list) -> list:
            """Expand AtomKey list with altlocs, all combinatorics."""
            retList = []
            for edron in eLst:
                newList = []
                for ak in edron:
                    rslt = ak.ric.split_akl([ak])
                    rlst = [r[0] for r in rslt]
                    if rlst != []:
                        newList.append(rlst)
                    else:
                        newList.append([ak])
                rslt = ake_recurse(newList)
                for r in rslt:
                    retList.append(r)
            return retList

        # dihedra_check processing starts here
        # generate the list of dihedra this residue should have
        chkLst = []
        sN, sCA, sC = AtomKey(ric, "N"), AtomKey(ric, "CA"), AtomKey(ric, "C")
        sO, sCB, sH = AtomKey(ric, "O"), AtomKey(ric, "CB"), AtomKey(ric, "H")
        if ric.rnext != []:
            for rn in ric.rnext:
                nN, nCA, nC = (
                    AtomKey(rn, "N"),
                    AtomKey(rn, "CA"),
                    AtomKey(rn, "C"),
                )
                # intermediate residue, need psi, phi, omg
                chkLst.append((sN, sCA, sC, nN))  # psi
                chkLst.append((sCA, sC, nN, nCA))  # omg i+1
                chkLst.append((sC, nN, nCA, nC))  # phi i+1
        else:
            chkLst.append((sN, sCA, sC, AtomKey(ric, "OXT")))  # psi
            rn = "(no rnext)"

        chkLst.append((sN, sCA, sC, sO))  # locate backbone O
        if ric.lc != "G":
            chkLst.append((sO, sC, sCA, sCB))  # locate CB
            if ric.lc == "A":
                chkLst.append((sN, sCA, sCB))  # missed for generate from seq
        if ric.rprev != [] and ric.lc != "P" and proton:
            chkLst.append((sC, sCA, sN, sH))  # amide proton

        try:
            for edron in ic_data_sidechains[ric.lc]:
                if len(edron) > 3:  # dihedra only
                    if all(atm[0] != "H" for atm in edron):
                        akl = [AtomKey(ric, atm) for atm in edron[0:4]]
                        chkLst.append(akl)
        except KeyError:
            pass

        # now compare generated list to ric.dihedra, get defaults if set.
        chkLst = ak_expand(chkLst)
        altloc_ndx = AtomKey.fields.altloc

        for dk in chkLst:
            if tuple(dk) in ric.dihedra:
                pass
            elif sH in dk:
                pass  # ignore missing hydrogens
            elif all(atm.akl[altloc_ndx] is None for atm in dk):
                if defaults:
                    if len(dk) != 3:
                        default_dihedron(dk, ric)
                    else:
                        default_hedron(dk, ric)  # add ALA N-Ca-Cb
                else:
                    if verbose:
                        print(f"{ric}-{rn} missing {dk}")
            else:
                # print(f"skip {ek}")
                pass  # ignore missing combinatoric of altloc atoms
                # need more here?

    def ak_add(ek: tuple, ric: IC_Residue) -> None:
        """Allocate edron key AtomKeys to current residue as appropriate.

        A hedron or dihedron may span a backbone amide bond, this routine
        allocates atoms in the (h/di)edron to the ric residue or saves them
        for a residue yet to be processed.

        :param set ek: AtomKeys in edron
        :param IC_Residue ric: current residue to assign AtomKeys to
        """
        res = ric.residue
        reskl = (
            str(res.id[1]),
            (None if res.id[2] == " " else res.id[2]),
            ric.lc,
        )
        for ak in ek:
            if ak.ric is None:
                sbcic.akset.add(ak)
                if ak.akl[0:3] == reskl:
                    ak.ric = ric
                    ric.ak_set.add(ak)
                else:
                    orphan_aks.add(ak)

    def finish_chain() -> None:
        """Do last rnext, rprev links and process chain edra data."""
        link_residues(pr, tr)
        # check/confirm completeness
        if not quick:
            for r in pr:
                dihedra_check(r.internal_coord)
            for r in tr:
                dihedra_check(r.internal_coord)

        if ha != {}:
            sha = {k: ha[k] for k in sorted(ha)}
            shl12 = {k: hl12[k] for k in sorted(hl12)}
            shl23 = {k: hl23[k] for k in sorted(hl23)}
            # da not in order if generated from seq
            sda = {k: da[k] for k in sorted(da)}
            sbcic._hedraDict2chain(shl12, sha, shl23, sda, bfacs)

    # read_PIC processing starts here:
    with as_handle(file, mode="r") as handle:
        for line in handle.readlines():
            if line.startswith("#"):
                pass  # skip comment lines
            elif line.startswith("HEADER "):
                m = pdb_hdr_re.match(line)
                if m:
                    header_dict["head"] = m.group("cf")  # classification
                    header_dict["idcode"] = m.group("id")
                    header_dict["deposition_date"] = m.group("dd")
                elif verbose:
                    print("Reading pic file", file, "HEADER parse fail: ", line)
            elif line.startswith("TITLE "):
                m = pdb_ttl_re.match(line)
                if m:
                    header_dict["name"] = m.group("ttl").strip()
                    # print('TTL: ', m.group('ttl').strip())
                elif verbose:
                    print("Reading pic file", file, "TITLE parse fail:, ", line)
            elif line.startswith("("):  # Biopython ID line for Residue
                m = biop_id_re.match(line)
                if m:
                    # check SMCS = Structure, Model, Chain, SegID
                    segid = m.group(9)
                    if segid is None:
                        segid = "    "
                    this_SMCS = [
                        m.group(1),
                        int(m.group(2)),
                        m.group(3),
                        segid,
                    ]
                    if curr_SMCS != this_SMCS:
                        if curr_SMCS[:3] != this_SMCS[:3] and ha != {}:
                            # chain change so process current chain data
                            finish_chain()

                            akc = {}  # atomkey cache, used by akcache()
                            hl12 = {}  # hedra key -> len12
                            ha = {}  # -> hedra angle
                            hl23 = {}  # -> len23
                            da = {}  # dihedra key -> angle value
                            bfacs = {}  # atomkey string -> b-factor
                        # init new Biopython SMCS level as needed
                        for i in range(4):
                            if curr_SMCS[i] != this_SMCS[i]:
                                SMCS_init[i](this_SMCS[i])
                                curr_SMCS[i] = this_SMCS[i]
                                if i == 0:
                                    # 0 = init structure so add header
                                    struct_builder.set_header(header_dict)
                                elif i == 1:
                                    # new model means new chain and new segid
                                    curr_SMCS[2] = curr_SMCS[3] = None
                                elif i == 2:
                                    # new chain so init internal_coord
                                    sb_chain = struct_builder.chain
                                    sbcic = sb_chain.internal_coord = IC_Chain(sb_chain)

                    struct_builder.init_residue(
                        m.group("res"),
                        m.group("het"),
                        int(m.group("pos")),
                        m.group("icode"),
                    )

                    sb_res = struct_builder.residue
                    if sb_res.id[0] != " ":  # skip hetatm
                        continue
                    if 2 == sb_res.is_disordered():
                        for r in sb_res.child_dict.values():
                            if not r.internal_coord:
                                sb_res = r
                                break
                        # added to disordered res
                        tr.append(sb_res)
                    else:
                        # new res so fix up previous residue as feasible
                        link_residues(pr, tr)

                        if not quick:
                            for r in pr:
                                # create di/hedra if default for residue i-1
                                # just linked
                                dihedra_check(r.internal_coord)

                        pr = tr
                        tr = [sb_res]

                    sbric = sb_res.internal_coord = IC_Residue(
                        sb_res
                    )  # no atoms so no rak
                    sbric.cic = sbcic
                    rkl = (
                        str(sb_res.id[1]),
                        (None if sb_res.id[2] == " " else sb_res.id[2]),
                        sbric.lc,
                    )
                    sbcic.ordered_aa_ic_list.append(sbric)

                    # update AtomKeys w/o IC_Residue references, in case
                    # chain ends before di/hedra sees them (2XHE test case)
                    for ak in orphan_aks:
                        if ak.akl[0:3] == rkl:
                            ak.ric = sbric
                            sbric.ak_set.add(ak)
                            # may need altoc support here
                    orphan_aks = set(filter(lambda ak: ak.ric is None, orphan_aks))

                else:
                    if verbose:
                        print(
                            "Reading pic file",
                            file,
                            "residue ID parse fail: ",
                            line,
                        )
                    return None
            elif line.startswith("ATOM "):
                m = pdb_atm_re.match(line)
                if not m:
                    m = pdbx_atm_re.match(line)
                if m:
                    if sb_res is None:
                        # ATOM without res spec already loaded, not a pic file
                        if verbose:
                            print(
                                "Reading pic file",
                                file,
                                "ATOM without residue configured:, ",
                                line,
                            )
                        return None
                    if sb_res.resname != m.group("res") or sb_res.id[1] != int(
                        m.group("pos")
                    ):
                        if verbose:
                            print(
                                "Reading pic file",
                                file,
                                "ATOM not in configured residue (",
                                sb_res.resname,
                                str(sb_res.id),
                                "):",
                                line,
                            )
                        return None
                    coord = np.array(
                        (
                            float(m.group("x")),
                            float(m.group("y")),
                            float(m.group("z")),
                        ),
                        "f",
                    )
                    struct_builder.init_atom(
                        m.group("atm").strip(),
                        coord,
                        float(m.group("tfac")),
                        float(m.group("occ")),
                        m.group("alc"),
                        m.group("atm"),
                        int(m.group("ser")),
                        m.group("elm").strip(),
                    )

                    # reset because prev does not link to this residue
                    # (chainBreak)
                    pr = []

            elif line.startswith("BFAC: "):
                m = bfac_re.match(line)
                if m:
                    for bfac_pair in m.groups():
                        if bfac_pair is not None:
                            m2 = bfac2_re.match(bfac_pair)
                            bfacs[m2.group(1)] = float(m2.group(2))
                # else:
                #    print f"Reading pic file {file} B-factor fail: {line}"
            else:
                m = Edron.edron_re.match(line)
                if m and sb_res is not None:
                    if m["a4"] is None:
                        process_hedron(
                            m["a1"],
                            m["a2"],
                            m["a3"],
                            m["len12"],
                            m["angle"],
                            m["len23"],
                            sb_res.internal_coord,
                        )
                    else:
                        process_dihedron(
                            m["a1"],
                            m["a2"],
                            m["a3"],
                            m["a4"],
                            m["dihedral"],
                            sb_res.internal_coord,
                        )

                elif m:
                    print(
                        "PIC file: ",
                        file,
                        " error: no residue info before reading (di/h)edron: ",
                        line,
                    )
                    return None
                elif line.strip():
                    if verbose:
                        print(
                            "Reading PIC file",
                            file,
                            "parse fail on: .",
                            line,
                            ".",
                        )
                    return None

    # reached end of input
    finish_chain()

    # print(report_PIC(struct_builder.get_structure()))
    return struct_builder.get_structure()


def read_PIC_seq(
    seqRec: "SeqIO.SeqRecord",
    pdbid: str = None,
    title: str = None,
    chain: str = None,
) -> Structure:
    """Read :class:`.SeqRecord` into Structure with default internal coords."""
    read_pdbid, read_title, read_chain = None, None, None

    if seqRec.id is not None:
        read_pdbid = seqRec.id
    if seqRec.description is not None:
        read_title = seqRec.description.replace(f"{read_pdbid} ", "")
    if ":" in read_pdbid:
        read_pdbid, read_chain = read_pdbid.split(":")

    if chain is None:
        chain = read_chain if read_chain is not None else "A"
    if title is None:
        title = (
            read_title
            if read_title is not None
            else f"sequence input {seqRec.id if seqRec.id is not None else ''}"
        )
    if pdbid is None:
        pdbid = read_pdbid if read_pdbid is not None else "0PDB"

    today = date.today()
    datestr = (today.strftime("%d-%b-%y")).upper()
    output = f"HEADER    {'GENERATED STRUCTURE':40}{datestr}   {pdbid}\n"
    output += f"TITLE     {title.upper():69}\n"

    ndx = 1
    for r in seqRec.seq:
        output += (
            f"('{pdbid}', 0, '{chain}', (' ', {ndx}, ' ')) {protein_letters_1to3[r]}\n"
        )
        ndx += 1

    sp = StringIO()
    sp.write(output)
    sp.seek(0)
    return read_PIC(sp, defaults=True)


def _wpr(
    entity,
    fp,
    pdbid,
    chainid,
    picFlags: int = IC_Residue.picFlagsDefault,
    hCut: float | None = None,
    pCut: float | None = None,
):
    if entity.internal_coord:
        if not chainid or not pdbid:
            chain = entity.parent
            if not chainid:
                chainid = chain.id
            if not pdbid:
                struct = chain.parent.parent
                pdbid = struct.header.get("idcode")

        fp.write(
            entity.internal_coord._write_PIC(
                pdbid, chainid, picFlags=picFlags, hCut=hCut, pCut=pCut
            )
        )
    else:
        fp.write(IC_Residue._residue_string(entity))


def _enumerate_entity_atoms(entity):
    need = False
    for atm in entity.get_atoms():
        need = not atm.get_serial_number()
        break
    if need:
        anum = 1
        for res in entity.get_residues():
            if 2 == res.is_disordered():
                for r in res.child_dict.values():
                    for atm in r.get_unpacked_list():
                        atm.set_serial_number(anum)
                        anum += 1
            else:
                for atm in res.get_unpacked_list():
                    atm.set_serial_number(anum)
                    anum += 1


def enumerate_atoms(entity):
    """Ensure all atoms in entity have serial_number set."""
    while entity.get_parent():
        entity = entity.get_parent()  # get to top level

    if "S" == entity.level:
        for mdl in entity:  # each model starts with 1
            _enumerate_entity_atoms(mdl)
    else:  # only Chain or Residue, start with 1
        _enumerate_entity_atoms(entity)


def pdb_date(datestr: str) -> str:
    """Convert yyyy-mm-dd date to dd-month-yy."""
    if datestr:
        m = re.match(r"(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})", datestr)
        if m:
            mo = [
                "XXX",
                "JAN",
                "FEB",
                "MAR",
                "APR",
                "MAY",
                "JUN",
                "JUL",
                "AUG",
                "SEP",
                "OCT",
                "NOV",
                "DEC",
            ][int(m.group(2))]
            datestr = m.group(3) + "-" + mo + "-" + m.group(1)[-2:]
    return datestr


def write_PIC(
    entity,
    file,
    pdbid=None,
    chainid=None,
    picFlags: int = IC_Residue.picFlagsDefault,
    hCut: float | None = None,
    pCut: float | None = None,
):
    """Write Protein Internal Coordinates (PIC) to file.

    See :func:`read_PIC` for file format.
    See :data:`IC_Residue.pic_accuracy` to vary numeric accuracy.
    Recurses to lower entity levels (M, C, R).

    :param Entity entity: Biopython PDB Entity object: S, M, C or R
    :param Bio.File file: :func:`.as_handle` file name or handle
    :param str pdbid: PDB idcode, read from entity if not supplied
    :param char chainid: PDB Chain ID, set from C level entity.id if needed
    :param int picFlags: boolean flags controlling output, defined in
        :data:`Bio.PDB.internal_coords.IC_Residue.pic_flags`

        * "psi",
        * "omg",
        * "phi",
        * "tau",  # tau hedron (N-Ca-C)
        * "chi1",
        * "chi2",
        * "chi3",
        * "chi4",
        * "chi5",
        * "pomg",  # proline omega
        * "chi",   # chi1 through chi5
        * "classic_b",  # psi | phi | tau | pomg
        * "classic",    # classic_b | chi
        * "hedra",      # all hedra including bond lengths
        * "primary",    # all primary dihedra
        * "secondary",  # all secondary dihedra (fixed angle from primary dihedra)
        * "all",        # hedra | primary | secondary
        * "initAtoms",  # XYZ coordinates of initial Tau (N-Ca-C)
        * "bFactors"

        default is everything::

            picFlagsDefault = (
                pic_flags.all | pic_flags.initAtoms | pic_flags.bFactors
            )

        Usage in your code::

            # just primary dihedra and all hedra
            picFlags = (
                IC_Residue.pic_flags.primary | IC_Residue.pic_flags.hedra
            )

            # no B-factors:
            picFlags = IC_Residue.picFlagsDefault
            picFlags &= ~IC_Residue.pic_flags.bFactors

        :func:`read_PIC` with `(defaults=True)` will use default values for
        anything left out

    :param float hCut: default None
        only write hedra with ref db angle std dev greater than this value
    :param float pCut: default None
        only write primary dihedra with ref db angle std dev greater than this
        value

    **Default values**:

    Data averaged from Sep 2019 Dunbrack cullpdb_pc20_res2.2_R1.0.

    Please see

    `PISCES: A Protein Sequence Culling Server <https://dunbrack.fccc.edu/pisces/>`_

    'G. Wang and R. L. Dunbrack, Jr. PISCES: a protein sequence culling
    server. Bioinformatics, 19:1589-1591, 2003.'

    'primary' and 'secondary' dihedra are defined in ic_data.py.  Specifically,
    secondary dihedra can be determined as a fixed rotation from another known
    angle, for example N-Ca-C-O can be estimated from N-Ca-C-N (psi).

    Standard deviations are listed in
    <biopython distribution>/Bio/PDB/ic_data.py for default values, and can be
    used to limit which hedra and dihedra are defaulted vs. output exact
    measurements from structure (see hCut and pCut above).  Default values for
    primary dihedra (psi, phi, omega, chi1, etc.) are chosen as the most common
    integer value, not an average.

    :raises PDBException: if entity level is A (Atom)
    :raises Exception: if entity does not have .level attribute
    """
    enumerate_atoms(entity)

    with as_handle(file, "w") as fp:
        try:
            if "A" == entity.level:
                raise PDBException("No PIC output at Atom level")
            elif "R" == entity.level:
                if 2 == entity.is_disordered():
                    for r in entity.child_dict.values():
                        _wpr(
                            r,
                            fp,
                            pdbid,
                            chainid,
                            picFlags=picFlags,
                            hCut=hCut,
                            pCut=pCut,
                        )
                else:
                    _wpr(
                        entity,
                        fp,
                        pdbid,
                        chainid,
                        picFlags=picFlags,
                        hCut=hCut,
                        pCut=pCut,
                    )
            elif "C" == entity.level:
                if not chainid:
                    chainid = entity.id
                for res in entity:
                    write_PIC(
                        res,
                        fp,
                        pdbid,
                        chainid,
                        picFlags=picFlags,
                        hCut=hCut,
                        pCut=pCut,
                    )
            elif "M" == entity.level:
                for chn in entity:
                    write_PIC(
                        chn,
                        fp,
                        pdbid,
                        chainid,
                        picFlags=picFlags,
                        hCut=hCut,
                        pCut=pCut,
                    )
            elif "S" == entity.level:
                if not pdbid:
                    pdbid = entity.header.get("idcode", None)
                hdr = entity.header.get("head", None)
                dd = pdb_date(entity.header.get("deposition_date", None))
                if hdr:
                    fp.write(
                        ("HEADER    {:40}{:8}   {:4}\n").format(
                            hdr.upper(), (dd or ""), (pdbid or "")
                        )
                    )
                name = entity.header.get("name", None)
                if name:
                    fp.write("TITLE     " + name.upper() + "\n")
                for mdl in entity:
                    write_PIC(
                        mdl,
                        fp,
                        pdbid,
                        chainid,
                        picFlags=picFlags,
                        hCut=hCut,
                        pCut=pCut,
                    )
            else:
                raise PDBException("Cannot identify level: " + str(entity.level))
        except KeyError:
            raise Exception(
                "write_PIC: argument is not a Biopython PDB Entity " + str(entity)
            )
